Health professionals and prevention and control of smoking

ABSTRACT: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading preventable causes of illness and death in the world so the health professionals have a remarkable role in its prevention and control. Medicine and nursing schools must evaluate the training in this subject in the basic curriculum, as well as provide habit cessation aide to smoker students. The result will be physicians and nurses committed to actively participate against tobacco smoking, accomplishing the model role society demands from them. A revision of global and national scope on the problem of tobacco addiction in the general population and among doctors and nurses (professional and students) is presented as well as the anti-tobacco policies issued by the World Health Organization and the Ministry of Social Protection of Colombia. Finally, a reflection is proposed about the question if health professionals are being well trained to face this epidemic.RESUMEN: El consumo de tabaco es una de las principales causas de enfermedad y muerte evitable en el mundo, y los profesionales de la salud tienen un papel preponderante en su prevención y control. Las facultades de enfermería y medicina tienen que evaluar la formación en el tema en el currículo básico, así como brindar ayuda para promover la cesación del hábito en los estudiantes fumadores. El resultado serán médicos y enfermeras comprometidos con participar activamente contra el tabaco, cumpliendo con el rol de modelo que les exige la sociedad. Se presenta en este artículo una revisión sobre la magnitud mundial y nacional del problema de tabaquismo en población general y en médicos y enfermeras (profesionales y estudiantes), las políticas antitabaco propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (oms) y el Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia, y por último se hace una reflexión sobre si se está preparando al futuro personal de salud para enfrentar esta epidemia

Do health literacy levels of nursing students change throughout the study programme? A cross-sectional study

Objectives The aim of this research was to analyse if the level of health literacy (HL) of nursing students changes throughout the study programme. Design A cross-sectional study with anonymous self reporting was conducted. Participants/setting 329 public university nursing students in Seville, Spain; 243 of the first year and 86 of the fourth. Interventions The short Spanish version of the Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-European Union was used to evaluate HL. Primary and secondary outcome measures The proportions of the limited level of HL were compared between academic years and the crude and corrected OR were calculated with the Mantel-Haenszel test to evaluate the effect of confusion of the sex variable on the HL level and academic year relationship. A logistic regression model with step-by-step analysis was run, including the independent variables sex, age, marital status, academic year and HL level (limited/sufficient) as the dependent variable. Results 62.1% of the participants of the first year versus 47.7% of the fourth year had a limited literacy level for a crude OR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.21; p=0.014) and a corrected by sex OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.96; p=0.026). Only the strata in women had a statistically significant relationship. The logistic regression model ratified that the HL was a function exclusive to the academic year. Conclusion The HL level of nursing students increases from the first to the fourth academic year, even when controlling for sex. Although the HL level in the fourth academic year was greater than that of the first, both groups had inadequate HL levels. It is hence recommended to implement intervention strategies, which reinforce in the curriculum the knowledge and experiences related with health communication and education to ensure that future professionals improve their HL. Achieving adequate HL is crucial to be able to provide care to patients, their families and the community

State of the children and young rights in the Latin American and Caribbean lasallian institutions

RESUMEN: El Decenio para la educación en la esfera de los derechos humanos, proclamado por las Naciones Unidas en 1997, ha tendido por el fortalecimiento de programas que mejoren el respeto de los derechos humanos, los que son priorizados como una urgencia educativa por el Proyecto Educativo Regional Lasallista Latinoamericano (PERLA) en 2001.ABSTARCT: The decade for education in the sphere of human rights, proclaimed by UN in 1997, has boosted the strengthening of programs to increase the respect for human rights, which are an urgent educational priority by the Latin American Educative Regional Lasallian Project (PERLA) in 2001

Effectiveness of an educational program in nursing in the self-care of patients with heart failure: randomized controlled trial

Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado sin cegamiento, con el que se evaluó la efectividad de un programa educativo de enfermería (encuentros educativos, visitas domiciliarias, tele enfermería y cartilla impresa) en el mejoramiento de los comportamientos de autocuidado en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Participaron 33 personas en el grupo de estudio y 30 en el grupo control. Al inicio y al finalizar el estudio (noveno mes) se aplicó la Escala de Comportamientos de Autocuidado de Pacientes con Insuficiencia cardiaca de Nancy Artinian para evaluar el nivel de autocuidado. Resultados: 66,0% del grupo de intervención versus 26,6% del grupo control mejoraron en al menos un 20% el puntaje de autocuidado (pUnblinded randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program in nursing (educational meetings, home visits, telenursing and a printed book) in the improvement of self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure was evaluated. Thirty-three people participated in the intervention group and thirty in the control group. At the beginning and at the end of the study (ninth month), Nancy Artinian's Heart Failure Self-care Behaviors Scale was applied to assess the level of self-care. 66.0% of the intervention group versus 26.6% of the control group improved the self-care score by at least 20% (pTrata-se de ensaio clínico controlado, aleatorizado, sem cegamento, no qual se avaliou a efetividade de um programa educativo de enfermagem (encontros educativos, visitas domiciliárias, tele-enfermagem e cartilha impressa), no melhoramento dos comportamentos de autocuidado em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Participaram 33 pessoas no grupo de estudo e 30 no grupo controle. No início e no final do estudo (nono mês), aplicou-se a Escala de Comportamentos de Autocuidado de Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, de Nancy Artinian, para avaliar o nível de autocuidado. Resultados: 66,0% do grupo de intervenção contra 26,6% do grupo controle melhoraram em ao menos 20% da pontuação de autocuidado (

Producción científica de la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería en sus 30 años de edición

ABSTRACT: This study sought to characterize the scientificproduction of the journal Investigación y Educación enEnfermería (IEE) during its 30 years of editing. Methodology.Documentary type longitudinal study, which analyzed all thearticles published in IEE from 1983 to 2012; a total of 656.Each article was manually revised and an instrument was usedcontaining the variables of author and article characteristics.Results. A total of 47% of the articles have a sole author and only one institution of affiliation. According to their type, those with the most contributions were original articles (42%) and theme reviews (25%). Regarding the characteristics of the first authors, nurses predominate (74%); with graduate formation (71%); with academic affiliation (88%); and country of origin being Colombia (70%). The principal themes dealt with are: nursing care (24%), nursing education and formation (14%), nursing practice (6%), and nursing history (5%). The most frequent populations objects of study are nurses (25%) and nursing students (8%). A total of 15% deal with vulnerable populations (elderly, children, pregnant women, the handicapped, and individuals from rural areas, among others). Additionally, the following tendencies were noted:authors have improved in their levels of formation, and regarding the increased number of original articles and balance per type of research paradigm. Conclusion. Author’s characteristics and thematic preferences, along with populations object of the articles show that progress has been produced in divulging knowledge generated and of the experiences in their implementation in nursing practice, thus, contributing to the discipline’s development.RESUMEN: Caracterizar la producción científica de la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería (IEE) en sus 30 años de edición. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal de tipo documental en el que se analizaron todos los artículos publicados en IEE de 1983-2012; en total 656. Se revisó manualmente cada artículo y se utilizó un instrumento que contenía las variables de las características de los autores y de los artículos. Resultados. El 47% de ellos tiene un solo autor y una sola institución de afiliación. Según su tipo, los que más aportan al total son los originales (42%) y las revisiones de tema (25%). Características de los primeros autores: predominan los enfermeros (74%), con formación de posgrado (71%), con afiliación académica (88%) y el país de origen es Colombia (70%). Los principales temas tratados son el cuidado de enfermería (24%), la educación y formación en enfermería (14%), su práctica (6%) y su historia (5%). Las poblaciones objeto de estudio más frecuentes son los enfermeros (25%) y los de estudiantes de enfermería (8%). Un 15% versan sobre poblaciones vulnerables (adultos mayores, niños, las gestantes, discapacitados y las personas de áreas rurales, entre otros). Por otra parte, se observaron las siguientes tendencias: los autores han mejorado en su nivel de formación, en cuanto al aumento en el número de artículos originales y equilibrio por tipo de paradigma de investigación. Conclusión. Las características de los autores y las preferencias temáticas y las poblaciones objeto de los artículos muestran que se han producido avances en divulgación del conocimiento generado y de las experiencias en su implementación en la práctica de la enfermería, contribuyendo de esta forma al desarrollo de la disciplina

Estilos de vida de estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana

Objective. To assess the lifestyles of nursing students from a Colombian public university. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. 380 students answered by self-reporting the adapted version in Spanish of FANTASTIC Lifestyles Assessment Questionnaire of Wilson and Ciliska. Results. Lifestyles were poor in 9.2%, fair in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and excellent in only 5.8% of the participants. Statistically-significant differences of the total mean score were not found when comparing with gender, age group, and course year, but were detected in two domains by gender: a) physical activity (higher score in men) and b) cigarette smoking (higher score in women). Conclusion. An important proportion of our nursing students has inadequate lifestyles, which means deferred risks for the development of chronic diseases. Universities should promote the training of the future professionals in nursing with knowledge and skills aimed at healthy lifestyles.Objetivo. Evaluar los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo trasversal en 2014. 380 alumnos por autorreporte contestaron el FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versión adaptada al español. Resultados. La puntuación de los estilos de vida fue bajo en el 9.2%; en el 31.3%, regular; en el 53.7%, bueno y solo en el 5.8%, fantástico. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas del promedio de la puntuación total cuando se comparó con sexo, grupo etario y año de curso, pero en sí en dos dominios del cuestionario: actividad física (puntuación mayor en hombres que mujeres) y b) consumo de tabaco (promedio de puntuación mayor mujeres que en hombres). Conclusión. Una proporción importante de alumnos de Enfermería de la universidad pública estudiada tiene inadecuados estilos de vida, lo que significa riesgos aplazados para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. Las universidades tienen el deber de promover en los futuros enfermeros los conocimientos y destrezas orientados a estilos de vida saludables.Objetivo. Avaliar os estilos de vida dos estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública colombiana. Métodos. Se realizou um estudo de corte transversal em 2014. 380 alunos por autor-reporte responderam o FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire, versão adaptada ao espanhol. Resultados. A pontuação dos estilos de vida foi baixo em 9.2%, em 31.3% foi regular, em 53.7% foi bom e só em 5.8% foi fantástico. Não se detectaram diferencias estatisticamente significativas da média da pontuação total quando se comparou com sexo, faixa etária e ano de curso, mas em si em dois domínios do questionário: atividade física (pontuação maior em homens de que mulheres) e b) consumo de tabaco (médio de pontuação maior mulheres de que em homens). Conclusão. Uma proporção importante de alunos de Enfermagem da universidade pública estudada tem inadequados estilos de vida, o que significa riscos adiados para o desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas

Salud sexual y reproductiva en inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de la ciudad de Sevilla

Objective. Describe the profile of Sexual and Reproductive Health of the Latin-American adult population who lived in Seville during 2011.Material and method. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a stratified sample with proportional allocation by sex, age and administrative sections. The sample was composed by the responses of 190 Latin-American adults immigrants aged from 25 to 44, in the city of Seville from January to May 2011. We used some sections of the Surveillance System Risk Factors questionnaire associated with behavior (2009) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention U.S. which included sociodemographic variables, the use of methods of contraception, the prevalence of STIs and the assistance to family planning.Results. The male condom is used by 43.0% of the sample, and 66.2% of them use the male condom every time. It´s most used by men than women, 68.9% vs. 31.1%. Married women using methods of contraception more often (64.2%), than unmarried (42.6%). The self-reported STI incidence was significantly higher in men than in women, 6.7% versus 0.9%. Finally, 16.8% of the respondents attended the family planning office.Conclusion. Most of the studied population is well informed about family planning and employs some methods of contraception, most often, the male condom. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections is low, although its protection is insufficient.Objetivo. Describir la caracterización de la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en la población latinoamericana adulta de la ciudad de Sevilla en el año 2011.Material y método. Estudio de corte transversal que se llevó a cabo en una muestra estratificada con afijación proporcional por las variables sexo, edad y distrito administrativo de 190 inmigrantes latinoamericanos adultos de 25 a 44 años de la ciudad de Sevilla desde enero a mayo de 2011. Se utilizaron algunos apartados del cuestionario del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo asociados al comportamiento (2009) de los Centros para la Prevención y Control de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos en el que se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, la prevalencia de ITS y la asistencia a planificación familiar.Resultados. El preservativo masculino lo emplean el 43,0%, de ellos lo usa siempre el 66,2%, utilizándolo más los hombres que las mujeres, 68,9% vs. 31,1%. Las mujeres casadas utilizaban métodos anticonceptivos con mayor frecuencia (64,2%), frente al 42,6% de las no casadas. La incidencia autodeclarada de ITS ha sido significativamente mayor en hombre que en mujeres, 6,7% frente al 0,9%. El 16,8% de la muestra afirmó acudir a consulta de planificación familiar.Conclusión. La mayoría de la población estudiada está bien informada sobre planificación familiar y emplea algún tipo de método anticonceptivo, con mayor frecuencia, el preservativo masculino. La prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual es baja, aunque su de protección es insuficiente