Human Long Telomeres and Epigenetic Marks

We have read with interest the article “Telomere length regulates TERRA levels through increased trimethylation of telomeric H3K9 and HP1α” by Arnoult and colleagues [1]. This study focuses on human telomeric chromatin structure using different techniques like Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), cytolocalization or RT-qPCR. However, it has been performed without taking into consideration the presence of Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITSs) in the human genome. Some of the conclusions of the article are undoubtedly clear but there are others that might be explained in alternative ways, considering the existence of ITSs. Following, we mention some comments that arise from this interesting article

DNA methylation at tobacco telomeric sequences

Majerová et al. (Plant Mol Biol, 2011) have recently reported that a considerable fraction of cytosines at tobacco telomeres is methylated. Although the data presented in this report indicate that tobacco telomeric sequences undergo certain levels of DNA methylation, it is not clear whether the methylated sequences are at telomeres, at internal chromosomal loci or at both

Assessing the Epigenetic Status of Human Telomeres

The epigenetic modifications of human telomeres play a relevant role in telomere functions and cell proliferation. Therefore, their study is becoming an issue of major interest. These epigenetic modifications are usually analyzed by microscopy or by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). However, these analyses could be challenged by subtelomeres and/or interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs). Whereas telomeres and subtelomeres cannot be differentiated by microscopy techniques, telomeres and ITSs might not be differentiated in ChIP analyses. In addition, ChIP analyses of telomeres should be properly controlled. Hence, studies focusing on the epigenetic features of human telomeres have to be carefully designed and interpreted. Here, we present a comprehensive discussion on how subtelomeres and ITSs might influence studies of human telomere epigenetics. We specially focus on the influence of ITSs and some experimental aspects of the ChIP technique on ChIP analyses. In addition, we propose a specific pipeline to accurately perform these studies. This pipeline is very simple and can be applied to a wide variety of cells, including cancer cells. Since the epigenetic status of telomeres could influence cancer cells proliferation, this pipeline might help design precise epigenetic treatments for specific cancer types.Spanish Agency of ResearchEuropean Fund for Regional Development European Union BIO2016-78955-

La última tentación de Cristo (Martin Scorsese, 1988)

I Congreso Internacional de Historia y Cine: 5, 6, 7 y 8 de Septiembre de 2007

Análisis de la imagen de los Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios (ATS) en la prensa 1975-1976

El año 1976 es una época de cambios importantes tanto a nivel político como social, iniciándose la “Transición Española”. La prensa escrita desempeñó un papel importante como medio de divulgación con gran influencia en la sociedad. Analizar la identidad profesional de enfermeros/as en España entre 1975-1976, permite identificar y entender mejor la transformación de la profesión y su entrada en la universidad, lo que generó una amplia movilización de los Ayudantes Técnicos Sanitarios (A.T.S.), tanto dentro del sistema sanitario, como fuera de él, a través de huelgas y manifestaciones, reivindicaciones que quedaron plasmadas en la prensa. Con el objetivo de analizar el cambio de la titulación de A.T.S. a Diplomado Universitario entre 1975-1976 a través de la prensa, se estudiarán los artículos publicados en El ABC, La Vanguardia y El País, durante el último año de estudios de A.T.S. y la integración de los mismos en la universidad.Departamento de EnfermeríaGrado en Enfermerí

Training in a shallow pool: Its effect on upper extremity strength and total body weight in postmenopausal women

Background: The decrease in muscle mass and muscular strength and the increase in total body weight have significant implications for the health and functioning of postmenopausal women. Exercising in water has become increasingly popular as a means of delaying the physiological decline associated with age in middle-aged and older women. Research question: Is a 12-month aerobic and resistance water training program in a shallow pool effective in increasing muscle strength and decreasing total body weight in postmenopausal women? Type of study: Randomised controlled study. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG; n = 21) and a control group (CG; n = 17). The exercise group enrolled in a systematic aerobic and resistance training programme for 12 months performed at a frequency of 2 sessions per week, 45 minutes per session. Upper-extremity biokinetic strength and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after the intervention. CG participants were physically active. Results: EG participants improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in mean force (MF: 7.92%), mean power (MP: 9.08%) and mean work (MW: 9.3%). Mean stroke length decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in EG (-5.68%) and in CG (-11.5%). BMI was also significantly decreased (p ≤0.05) in EG participants (-2.75%). Conclusions: These results indicate that training in a shallow pool has significant implications for improving upper extremity muscular strength and total body weight in postmenopausal women

El papel de la biblioteca en la formación de competencias informacionales e informáticas

Se destaca la importancia de la biblioteca en la implantación y desarrollo de la Alfabetización Informacional como medio imprescindible de formación en competencias informacionales y digitales en la actual sociedad de información. Dicho papel es impulsado por diferentes instituciones internacionales y nacionales. Se hace especial mención de las bibliotecas universitarias en el nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y, sobre todo, en el ámbito español donde REBIUN ha adoptado el término de “Competencias Informacionales e Informáticas” (CI2) y ha influido en el paso de una formación tradicional de usuarios a una formación basada en competencias que deben adquirir los alumnos, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de la educación. Todo ello apoyado en una planificación y en la transformación de las bibliotecas en Centros de Recursos de Información y Aprendizaje. En este proceso de cambio, la web social 2.0 y 3.0 es elemento esencial de interacción y motivación interna para conseguir que el alumno se convierta en sujeto activo de su propio aprendizaje. La implementación por parte de numerosas bibliotecas de las diferentes herramientas sociales como Facebook y Twitter ha logrado una visibilidad mayor y un elemento dinamizador.The importance of the library in the implementation and development of information literacy as an essential means of training in Information and Digital Competency in the current information society is emphasized. This paper is driven by various international and national institutions. Special mention of university libraries in the new European Higher Education and is made especially in the area where REBIUN Spanish adopted the term "Informational and Computer Literacy" (CI2) and has influenced the passage of a training traditional users to a competency-based training that students should acquire, helping to improve the quality of education. All supported in planning and in the transformation of libraries in Resource Centers Information and Learning. In this process of change, social web 2.0 and 3.0 is an essential element of interaction and internal motivation to get students to become active subjects of their own learning. The implementation by numerous libraries of different social tools such as Facebook and Twitter has achieved greater visibility and a dynamic element

The restriction endonuclease Tru9I is a useful tool to analyze telomere sequences separately from interstitial telomeric sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana

We have previously described a simple method to analyze the chromatin structure of Arabidopsis te- lomeres independently of that of Interstitial Telome- ric Sequences (ITSs). By using this method, we found that, whereas ITSs are heterochromatic, Arabidopsis telomeres exhibit euchromatic features [1]. Some con- cerns have been recently raised about the accuracy of this procedure [2]. Here, we summarize these concerns and justify our experimental approaches and inter- pretation of results.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación BIO2011-2479