Atención temprana en niños con deficiencia auditiva: Herramientas y pautas para una inclusión educativa

En este trabajo se exponen las distintas actuaciones incluidas dentro de la Atención Temprana necesarias para alcanzar un desarrollo óptimo, una inclusión educativa y una integración social de los sujetos con deficiencia auditiva. La detección, diagnóstico e intervención precoz suponen los tres pilares de dicha Atención Temprana. No obstante, la aplicación de éstos como tal no es suficiente, sino que debe llevarse a cabo en la primera infancia y preferiblemente antes de los 6 meses para así, garantizar la minimización de las repercusiones que la sordera tiene en el ámbito académico, emocional, familiar y social. Por último, se incluye la intervención educativa como agente esencial para la rehabilitación del sujeto con sordera y su acceso a la lengua oral como principal medio de comunicación. Para ello se concretan parte de los apoyos, pautas y recursos tanto curriculares como organizativos y metodológicos que deben aplicar: el docente, alumnado, centro educativo, pedagogo terapéutico y logopeda

Richness of earthworms in an Argiudol soil under soybean (Colonia Ensayo, Entre Ríos)

En las últimas décadas la producción agrícola experimentó una creciente demanda de insumos agroquímicos, en especial plaguicidas, con aplicación de siembra directa y reducción de rotaciones con tendencia al monocultivo soja. En este contexto, las prácticas de manejo aplicadas generan efectos en la biodiversidad del suelo. En particular, las lombrices cumplen un rol clave en las funciones ecosistémicas y responden a los cambios producidos por estas prácticas. Por lo cual constituyen un grupo muy apropiado para evaluar la calidad del suelo que habitan. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la densidad y riqueza de la oligoquetofauna en un suelo bajo sistema de producción soja: rastrojo-suelo. El estudio se realizó en el campo experimental ?Dr. Ramón J. Roldan? de la FCA-UNER (Diamante, Entre Ríos) con producción de soja mediante siembra directa y aplicación de plaguicidas (tratamientos: Glifosato/barbecho, Glifosato/barbecho-postemergencia y Glifosato/barbecho-postemergencia-Cipermetrina). Se determinaron características físicas y químicas del suelo y residualidad de plaguicidas en las tres zonas: baja, media y alta, determinadas en base a la topografía del lugar. La oligoquetofauna fue muestreada antes del inicio de los tratamientos (otoño y primavera 2013) y al finalizar los mismos (otoño 2014). En los muestreos de 2013 tanto la densidad como la riqueza mostraron diferencias por estación (p<0,05), registrándose dos especies: Aporrectodea rosea y Micros-colex dubius. En otoño 2014 la densidad no mostró diferencias con la registrada en 2013, pero varió por tratamientos (p<0,05) destacándose Glifosato/barbecho con el mayor valor (140 ind.m-2). Si bien la riqueza coincidió con la de 2013, la abundancia de A. rosea fue notable-mente mayor, dominando las endogeas. Respecto a los residuos de glifosato y su metabolito AMPA hallados en este estudio, estarían afectando la abundancia y dinámica poblacional de oligoquetos.Agricultural production with the incorporation of non-tillage, developed a very important increase of agrochemical application (specially plaguicides). Earthworms play a crucial function in the soil ecosystem and are an appropiate indicator of soils quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate density and diversity of earthworms in soybean production fields. Tests were done in the experimental field “Dr. Ramón J. Roldán” of the FCA-UNER (Diamante-Entre Ríos) and consisted of the following treatments: Glyphosate/fallow; Gliphosate/fallow-postemergence and Glyphosate/fallow-postemergenceCipermetrine. In coincidence with the field topography, the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples were determined at three levels: low, medial and high. Plaguicide residues were also determined. Earthworms were determined before the beginning and end of treatments (autumn and spring 2013, autumn 2014) respectively. Samples obtained during 2013 showed significant differences (p<0.05) in density and diversity between seasons, with two species: Aporrectodea rosea and Microscolex dubius being identified. No differences in density were observed between autumn 2013 and 2014. Significant differences (p<0.05) were obtained between treatments, principally Glyphosate/fallow with the highest value (140 ind.m-2 ). A. rosea was the most abundant specie. Glyphosate residues and AMPA metabolite were found, the results suggest that play an important role in the dynamics and abundance of earthworms.Fil: Masin, Carolina Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química (i); ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Alba R.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (i); ArgentinaFil: Maitre, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias; ArgentinaFil: Cerana, Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Hernandez, Juan. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Anglada, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Elizalde, José. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lallana, Maria del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Hepatitis C virus infection of primary tupaia hepatocytes leads to selection of quasispecies variants, induction of interferon-stimulated genes and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation

Systems for in vitro culture of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are essential tools to analyse virus-cell interactions and to investigate relevant pathophysiological aspects of HCV infection. Although the HCV replicon methodology has increased our understanding of HCV biology, this system does not reproduce the natural infection. Recently, tupaia (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) hepatocytes have been utilized for in vitro culture of HCV. In the present work, primary tupaia hepatocytes infected in vitro with HCV were used to analyse the evolution of HCV quasispecies in infected cells and the ability of the virus to influence antiviral and proinflammatory responses in cells sustaining virus replication. The results confirmed the potential of tupaia hepatocytes as a model for HCV infection, although this system is limited by rapid loss of differentiated cell phenotype in culture. These findings revealed an extraordinary plasticity of HCV quasispecies, which underwent rapid evolution to tupaia-tropic variants as early as 24 h after infection. It was also shown that HCV could activate interferon-sensitive genes, albeit modestly in comparison with other viruses such as Semliki Forest virus. Importantly, HCV activated NF-kappaB in primary hepatocytes and upregulated NF-kappaB-responsive genes including the chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL2 (MIP-2). This effect may play a role in induction of the hepatic inflammatory reaction in vivo. In summary, HCV quasispecies adapt rapidly to the specific biology of the host and HCV stimulates a blunted interferon response while inducing a proinflammatory phenotype in the infected cell

Continuum Double Exchange Model

We present a continuum model for doped manganites which consist of two species of quantum spin 1/2 fermions interacting with classical spin fields. The phase structure at zero temperature turns out to be considerably rich: antiferromagnetic insulator, antiferromagnetic two band conducting, canted two band conducting, canted one band conducting and ferromagnetic one band conducting phases are identified, all of them being stable against phase separation. There are also regions in the phase diagram where phase separation occurs.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX2e file, two eps included figures. Published versio

Care for immigrant patients: facts and professionals' perception in 6 primary health care zones in Navarre

Fundamento. Describir la utilización de servicios y motivos de consulta en Atención Primaria entre población autóctona e inmigrante y contrastarla con la percepción que tienen los profesionales de atención primaria. Material y métodos. Se recogieron datos de actividad asistencial durante el año 2006 de la totalidad de personas adscritas (N=86.966) a las 6 zonas básicas con mayor proporción de población inmigrante (14,4 %) y las variables: país de origen, edad, sexo, año de alta en el sistema sanitario. Se utilizaron bases datos de tarjeta sanitaria y de programa OMI-AP. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa de grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad. Resultados. El 72,4% de inmigrantes solicitaron atención de profesionales de atención primaria en 2006, de los cuales un 50% procedía de Ecuador y un 70% tenía entre 25 y 44 años. Los autóctonos consultantes fueron el 82% y requirieron más derivaciones a atención especializada que los inmigrantes del mismo grupo de edad. La consulta más frecuente en autóctonos e inmigrantes fue «infecciones respiratorias agudas» (7 al 23%, según grupos de edad). La segunda en inmigrantes fue «problemas administrativos ». Las consultas de inmigrantes no se relacionan con aspectos preventivos como tabaquismo y sí tuvieron más consultas (p>0,001) de episodios gineco-obstétricos (10,7%) y de los relacionados con problemas laborales (19%) o psicosomáticos (8,5%). La percepción de los profesionales de atención primaria era que la población inmigrante consulta más que la autóctona y genera cierto «desorden» en la consulta. Conclusión. Los inmigrantes son menos utilizadores de servicios sanitarios y frecuentadores que los autóctonos. Sin embargo, este hecho no es percibido así por los profesionales de atención primaria. Con inmigrantes se realizan menos actividades preventivas y padecen más problemas laborales y psicosomáticos.Background. To describe utilisation of health care services and motives for consultation in Primary Care in the native and the immigrant population, and compare this with the perception of primary care professionals. Methods. Data was collected on health care activity during the year 2006 for all people registered (N=86, 966) in the 6 basic health care zones with the highest proportion of immigrants (14.4%) and on the following variables: country of origin, age, sex, year of inscription in the public health service. The health card and OMI-AP programme databases were used. A qualitative methodology of focus groups anti in-depth interviews was employed. Results. Seventy-two point four percent of immigrants requested care from the primary care professionals in 2006, of whom 50% proceeded from Ecuador and 70% were between 25 and 44 years old. Eighty-two percent of the natives made consultations and required more referrals to specialised care than the immigrants of the same age group. The most frequent consultation with natives and with immigrants was "acute respiratory infections" (7 to 23% according to age group). The second most frequent with immigrants was administrative problems. The consultations with immigrants were not related to preventive aspects such as smoking and there were more consultations (p>0.001) for gynaeco-obstetric episodes (10.7%) and those related to work (19%) or psychosomatic problems (8.5%). The perception of the primary care professionals was that the immigrants carry out more consultations than the natives and generate a certain disorder, , in the clinic. Conclusion. Immigrants use healthcare services less than the native population. Nonetheless, this fact is not perceived in this way by the primary care professionals. Fewer preventive activities are carried out with immigrants, who suffer from more labour and psychosomatic problems

Relación entre los niveles plasmáticos de selenio y las diferentes enfermedades prostáticas

Several studies have demonstrated an inverse relation between serum selenium levels (Se) and advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Objective: To determine and compare selenium plasma levels in patients with different prostatic pathologies. Material and methods: It is a transversal, descriptive and comparative study. A sample of 64 men between 50 and 80 years old were selected for the study between 2007 and 2009. All volunteers underwent a digital rectal examination, prostate specific antigen level, ultrasound and transrectal prostate biopsy (1214 chips). Prostate cancer was subclassified according to Gleason Score. Selenium was determined indirectly by serum Glutathione peroxidase (Kit Ransel, Randox SRL, Crumlin, UK). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA I (p<0.05). Results: Glutathione Peroxidase level was 33.75±2.36 mg/ml in control patients. A decrease of 31.6% was observed in patients with BPH (23.08±1.57 mg/ml) and of (63.6%) in subjects with prostate cancer (12.28±1.03 mg/ml) (p<0,0001). There was no correlation with the Gleason Score. Conclusion: Serum Seleniun is lower in patients with prostatic pathologies being even more important in cancer patients regardless the Gleason Score.Fil: López Fontana, Constanza Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Elizalde, R. F.. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Vanrell, M. C. M.. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Recalde, Gabriela María. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Uvilla, A. L.. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: López Laur, J. D.. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza". Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentin

Next-generation sequencing of bile cell-free DNA for the early detection of patients with malignant biliary strictures

Objective: despite significant progresses in imaging and pathological evaluation, early differentiation between benign and malignant biliary strictures remains challenging. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to investigate biliary strictures, enabling the collection of bile. We tested the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutational analysis of bile cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Design: a prospective cohort of patients with suspicious biliary strictures (n=68) was studied. The performance of initial pathological diagnosis was compared with that of the mutational analysis of bile cfDNA collected at the time of first ERCP using an NGS panel open to clinical laboratory implementation, the Oncomine Pan-Cancer Cell-Free assay. Results: an initial pathological diagnosis classified these strictures as of benign (n=26), indeterminate (n=9) or malignant (n=33) origin. Sensitivity and specificity of this diagnosis were 60% and 100%, respectively, as on follow-up 14 of the 26 and eight of the nine initially benign or indeterminate strictures resulted malignant. Sensitivity and specificity for malignancy of our NGS assay, herein named Bilemut, were 96.4% and 69.2%, respectively. Importantly, one of the four Bilemut false positives developed pancreatic cancer after extended follow-up. Remarkably, the sensitivity for malignancy of Bilemut was 100% in patients with an initial diagnosis of benign or indeterminate strictures. Analysis of 30 paired bile and tissue samples also demonstrated the superior performance of Bilemut. Conclusion: implementation of Bilemut at the initial diagnostic stage for biliary strictures can significantly improve detection of malignancy, reduce delays in the clinical management of patients and assist in selecting patients for targeted therapies.Funding: we thank the financial support of CIBERehd; grants PI16/01126 and PI19/00163 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofinanced by ’Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional’ (FEDER) ’Una manera de hacer Europa’; grants 58/2017 and 55/2018 from Gobierno de Navarra Salud; grant 0011-1411-2020-000010 from AGATA Strategic Project from Gobierno de Navarra; grant 2020/101 from Euroregion Nouvelle Aquitaine-Euskadi-Navarra; Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual; Fundación Mario Losantos, Fundación M Torres; grant 2018/117 from AMMF, the Cholangiocarcinoma Charity; the COST Action CA181122 Euro-cholangio-Net; POSTD18014AREC postdoctoral fellowship from AECC to MA; and Ramón y Cajal Program contracts RYC-2014-15242 and RYC-2018-024475-1 to FJC and MGFB

Splicing regulator SLU7 is essential for maintaining liver homeostasis

A precise equilibrium between cellular differentiation and proliferation is fundamental for tissue homeostasis. Maintaining this balance is particularly important for the liver, a highly differentiated organ with systemic metabolic functions that is endowed with unparalleled regenerative potential. Carcinogenesis in the liver develops as the result of hepatocellular de-differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation. Here, we identified SLU7, which encodes a pre-mRNA splicing regulator that is inhibited in hepatocarcinoma, as a pivotal gene for hepatocellular homeostasis. SLU7 knockdown in human liver cells and mouse liver resulted in profound changes in pre-mRNA splicing and gene expression, leading to impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, refractoriness to key metabolic hormones, and reversion to a fetal-like gene expression pattern. Additionally, loss of SLU7 also increased hepatocellular proliferation and induced a switch to a tumor-like glycolytic phenotype. Slu7 governed the splicing and/or expression of multiple genes essential for hepatocellular differentiation, including serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (Srsf3) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (Hnf4α), and was critical for cAMP-regulated gene transcription. Together, out data indicate that SLU7 is central regulator of hepatocyte identity and quiescence

Clinical relevance of ErbB-2/HER2 nuclear expression in breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The biological relevance of nuclear ErbB-2/HER2 (NuclErbB-2) presence in breast tumors remains unexplored. In this study we assessed the clinical significance of ErbB-2 nuclear localization in primary invasive breast cancer. The reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK) guidelines were used as reference.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Tissue microarrays from a cohort of 273 primary invasive breast carcinomas from women living in Chile, a Latin American country, were examined for membrane (MembErbB-2) and NuclErbB-2 expression by an immunofluorescence (IF) protocol we developed. ErbB-2 expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a series of antibodies. Correlation between NuclErbB-2 and MembErbB-2, and between NuclErbB-2 and clinicopathological characteristics of tumors was studied. The prognostic value of NuclErbB-2 in overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox model was used to explore NuclErbB-2 as independent prognostic factor for OS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The IF protocol we developed showed significantly higher sensitivity for detection of NuclErbB-2 than IHC procedures, while its specificity and sensitivity to detect MembErbB-2 were comparable to those of IHC procedures. We found 33.6% NuclErbB-2 positivity, 14.2% MembErbB-2 overexpression by IF, and 13.0% MembErbB-2 prevalence by IHC in our cohort. We identified NuclErbB-2 positivity as a significant independent predictor of worse OS in patients with MembErbB-2 overexpression. NuclErbB-2 was also a biomarker of lower OS in tumors that overexpress MembErbB-2 and lack steroid hormone receptors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We revealed a novel role for NuclErbB-2 as an independent prognostic factor of poor clinical outcome in MembErbB-2-positive breast tumors. Our work indicates that patients presenting NuclErbB-2 may need new therapeutic strategies involving specific blockage of ErbB-2 nuclear migration.</p