Liderazgo e instituciones factores endógenos del desarrollo de la economía regional

This paper proposes that a virtuous circle for the sustainable development of a city or region is achieved through a process whereby proactive and strong leadership and effective institutions enhance the capacity and capability of a place to better use its resource endowments and gain an improved market fit in becoming competitive and being entrepreneurial. It is proposed that the performance of a city or region at a point in time and the path of its economic development over time may be represented by its position in a Regional Competitiveness Performance Cube. The paper proposes a new model framework whereby a city or region’s economic development and performance is an outcome dependent on how its resource endowments and market fit as quasi-independent variables are mediated by the interaction between leadership, institutions, and entrepreneurship as intervening variables. The experiences of a number of case study cities from a variety of settings in the US, Europe, Asia and Australia are explored within that framework.Este artículo propone que un círculo virtuoso para el desarrollo sostenible de una ciudad o región se logra a través de un proceso por el que el liderazgo proactivo y fuerte y las instituciones efectivas refuerzan la capacidad y aptitud de un lugar para hacer un mejor uso de sus dotaciones de recursos y lograr un mercado mejorado que consiga ser competitivo y emprendedor. Se propone que el funcionamiento de una ciudad o región en un punto en el tiempo y la trayectoria de su desarrollo económico a lo largo del tiempo puede representarse por su posición en un Cubo de resultados de Competitividad Regional. El artículo propone una nueva estructura de modelo donde el desarrollo económico y funcionamiento de una ciudad o región sea un resultado dependiente de cómo sus dotaciones de recursos y mercado ajustadas como variables cuasi-independientes son mediadas por la interacción entre el liderazgo, instituciones y espíritu empresarial como variables intervinientes. Las experiencias de un cierto número de casos de estudio de ciudades dentro de una variedad de lugares en EE.UU., Europa, Asia y Australia se exploran dentro de esa estructura

Relaciones entre Actividad Física y Salud Mental en la Población Adulta de Madrid

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre la actividad física, los niveles de salud mental y la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales. Participaron 1.422 personas residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid (edad: 15-74 años), evaluándose sus niveles de actividad física y salud mental mediante los cuestionarios GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) y GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Los resultados evidencian que los sujetos con niveles altos o moderados de actividad física total y en el tiempo libre presentaron niveles de salud mental superiores a aquellos que realizaban un nivel bajo de actividad física. Además, el nivel de la actividad física realizada en el tiempo libre mostró una relación inversa con la vulnerabilidad a los trastornos mentales.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between physical activity, levels of mental health, and vulnerability to mental disorders. We performed a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1422 people from the Region of Madrid, aged between 15 and 74, assessing levels of physical activity and mental health through questionnaires GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) and GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectively. The results reveal that individuals with high or moderate total and recreational physical activity had higher levels of mental health than those who had a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, the level of physical activity during leisure time showed an inverse relationship with vulnerability to mental disorders.O objectivo deste trabalho foi analisar as relações entre a actividade física, os níveis de saúde mental e a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais. Participaram 1.422 pessoas residentes na Comunidade de Madrid (idade: 15-74 anos), avaliando-se os seus níveis de actividade física e saúde mental através dos questionários GPAQv2 (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2) e GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciam que os sujeitos com níveis elevados ou moderados de actividade física total apresentaram níveis de saúde mental superiores comparativamente com aqueles que realizavam um nível baixo de actividade física. Adicionalmente, o nível de actividade física realizada no tempo livre relacionou-se inversamente com a vulnerabilidade aos transtornos mentais

Datos sobre la vegetación de la zona de "El Trocadero" (Cádiz)

Sin resume

Association of increased plasma cardiotrophin-1 with inappropriate left ventricular mass in essential hypertension

Inappropriate left ventricular mass is present when the value of left ventricular mass exceeds individual needs to compensate hemodynamic load imposed by increased blood pressure. The goal of this study was to investigate whether plasma concentration of cardiotrophin-1, a cytokine that induces exaggerated hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes with hypertensive phenotype, is related to inappropriate left ventricular mass in patients with essential hypertension. The study was performed in 118 patients with never-treated hypertension and without prevalent cardiac disease. The left ventricular mass prediction from stroke work (systolic blood pressurexDoppler stroke volume), sex, and height (in meters(2.7)) was derived. An observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass value >128% defined inappropriate left ventricular mass. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The studies were repeated in a group of 45 patients after 1 year of antihypertensive treatment. At baseline 67 and 51 patients presented with appropriate and inappropriate left ventricular mass, respectively. Plasma cardiotrophin-1 was higher (P<0.001) in patients with inappropriate mass than in patients with appropriate mass and normotensive controls. A direct correlation was found between cardiotrophin-1 and observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass ratio (r=0.330, P<0.001) in all hypertensive patients. After treatment, plasma cardiotrophin-1 decreased and increased in patients in which inappropriate left ventricular mass regressed and persisted, respectively, despite a similar reduction of blood pressure in the 2 subgroups of patients. Albeit descriptive in nature, these results suggest the hypothesis that an excess of cardiotrophin-1 may contribute to inappropriate left ventricular growth in hypertensive patients

Fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease: role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Structural homogeneity of cardiac tissue is governed by mechanical and humoral factors that regulate cell growth, apoptosis, phenotype, and extracellular matrix turnover. ANGII has endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine properties that influence the behavior of cardiac cells and matrix by AT1 receptor binding. Various paradigms have been suggested, including ANGII-mediated up-regulation of collagen types I and III formation and deposition in cardiac conditions, such as HHD. A growing body of evidence, however, deals with the potential role of aldosterone, either local or systemic, in inducing cardiac fibrosis. Aldosterone might also mediate the profibrotic actions of ANGII. To reduce the risk of heart failure that accompanies HHD, its adverse structural remodeling (eg, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis) must be targeted for pharmacologic intervention. Cardioprotective agents must reverse not only the exaggerated growth of cardiac cells, but also regress existing abnormalities in fibrillar collagen. Available experimental and clinical data suggest that agents interfering with ACE, the AT1 receptor, or the mineralocorticoid receptor may provide such a cardioprotective effect

Myocardial fibrosis in arterial hypertension

It is now accepted that, in addition to left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertensive heart disease is characterized by alterations in myocardial structure, leading to loss of tissue homogeneity and pathological remodelling. It is time to recognize that, in hypertensive heart disease, it is not only the quantity but also the quality of the myocardium that is responsible for adverse cardiovascular events. The data reviewed here indicate that, in patients with hypertensive heart disease, myocardial fibrosis predisposes to an enhanced risk for diastolic and/or systolic ventricular dysfunction, symptomatic heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and arrhythmias

RSME 2011. Transfer and Industrial Mathematics. Proceedings of the RSME Conference on Transfer and Industrial Mathematics. Santiago de Compostela, July 12-14, 2011

[EN] The RSME Conference on Transfer and Industrial Mathematics is supported by the Royal Spanish Mathematical Society, a scientific society for the promotion of mathematics and its applications as well as the encouragement of research and teaching at all educational levels. The three-day conference presents successful experiences in the field of mathematical knowledge transfer to industry and focuses on the following issues: — Showing how collaboration with industry has opened up new lines of research in the field of mathematics providing high quality contributions to international journals and encouraging the development of doctoral theses. — How the promotion of existing infrastructures has contributed to enhance the transfer of mathematical knowledge to industry. — The presentation of postgraduate programs offering training in mathematics with industrial applications. The conference includes talks from researchers and industry representatives who present their different points of view and experiences with regards to the transfer of mathematical knowledge to industry

Respuestas del miocardio al estrés biomecánico

El estrés biomecánico del miocardio hace referencia a la situación que se genera cuando, debido a la hipertensión, la hipoxia u otras formas de daño miocárdico, están aumentadas las demandas de trabajo cardíaco y/o se ha perdido miocardio funcionante. Como consecuencia del estrés biomecánico se producen diversas respuestas que afectan a todas las células miocárdicas, en particular a los cardiomiocitos. El resultado final de las mismas son distintas modificaciones fenotípicas que inicialmente son compensadoras (p. ej., hipertrofia), pero que si persiste el estrés pueden mediar la transición de la hipertrofia a la insuficiencia cardíaca (p. ej., apoptosis y fibrosis). Esta revisión se centra en la descripción de las distintas fases de las respuestas miocárdicas al estrés, así como en la consideración de los hallazgos más recientes sobre los mecanismos moleculares implicados en el desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca