20 research outputs found
Toxicity of wine effluents and assessment of a depuration system for their control: assay with tadpoles of Rhinella arenarum (BUFONIDAE)
We evaluated the toxicity of the winery effluent and the efficiency of a symbiotic depuration system by means an experiment with Rhinella arenarum tadpoles. The studied effluent was taken from warehouses during the cleaning season. These effluents subsequently subjected to the purification treatment under evaluation. The effluent samples differentiated into two treatment levels: ârawâ where the effluent was evaluated with field conditions and âtreatedâ where the effluent was previously filtered with the symbiotic depuration system. The results of the bioassays compared with the physicochemical parameters determined in the effluent samples. The lethal response had a clear-cut correspondence with the effluent quality assessed utilizing physicochemical parameters. In all cases, dilution of the samples resulted in a significant reduction of their toxicity. It concluded that (a) winery effluents could be harmful to tadpoles of R. arenarum, (b) the symbiotic purification system used to treat wine effluents it would produce a significant reduction in the contaminant levels of the effluent. However, this reduction in contaminant levels does not provide sufficient safety for the release of the effluents into the environment.Fil: Navas Romero, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Moratta, Mario Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Ăridas; ArgentinaFil: RodrĂguez, MarĂa Rosa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂa; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Lorena Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de FilosofĂa, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Echegaray, Marcelo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de IngenierĂa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Sanabria, Eduardo Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de FilosofĂa, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - San Juan; Argentin
Detection of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses, West Nile, Dengue, Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilheus, Bussuquara, and Yellow Fever in free-ranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) of Northeastern Argentina
Several medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses have been detected in Argentina in recent years: Dengue (DENV), St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV), West Nile (WNV) and Yellow Fever (YFV) viruses. Evidence of Bussuquara virus (BSQV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV) activity were found, but they have not been associated with human disease. Non-human primates can act as important hosts in the natural cycle of flaviviruses and serological studies can lead to improved understanding of virus circulation dynamics and host susceptibility. From JulyâAugust 2010, we conducted serological and molecular surveys in freeâranging black howlers (Alouatta caraya) captured in northeastern Argentina. We used 90% plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) to analyze 108 serum samples for antibodies to WNV, SLEV, YFV, DENV (serotypes 1and 3), ILHV, and BSQV. Virus genome detection was performed using generic reverse transcription (RT)-nested PCR to identify flaviviruses in 51 antibody-negative animals. Seventy animals had antibodies for one or more flaviviruses for a total antibody prevalence of 64.8% (70/108). Monotypic (13/70, 19%) and heterotypic (27/70, 39%) patterns were differentiated. Specific neutralizing antibodies against WNV, SLEV, DENV-1, DENV-3, ILHV, and BSQV were found. Unexpectedly, the highest flavivirus antibody prevalence detected was to WNV with 9 (8.33%) monotypic responses. All samples tested by (RT)-nested PCR were negative for viral genome. This is the first detection of WNV-specific antibodies in black howlers from Argentina and the first report in free-ranging non-human primates from Latin-American countries. Given that no animals had specific neutralizing antibodies to YFV, our results suggest that the study population remains susceptible to YFV. Monitoring of these agents should be strengthened to detect the establishment of sylvatic cycles of flaviviruses in America and evaluate risks to wildlife and human health.Fil: Morales, Maria Alejandra. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Fabbri, Cintia M.. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Gabriel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Conurbano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kowalewski, Miguel Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". EstaciĂłn BiolĂłgica de Usos MĂșltiples (Sede Corrientes); ArgentinaFil: Luppo, Victoria C.. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: EnrĂa, Delia A.. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Levis, Silvana C.. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; ArgentinaFil: CalderĂłn, Gladys Ethel. DirecciĂłn Nacional de Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn. AdministraciĂłn Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud "Dr. C. G. Malbran". Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentin
Dendritic Cells Exposed to MVA-Based HIV-1 Vaccine Induce Highly Functional HIV-1-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Currently, MVA virus vectors carrying HIV-1 genes are being developed as HIV-1/AIDS prophylactic/therapeutic vaccines. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of these vectors on human dendritic cells (DC) and their capacity to present HIV-1 antigens to human HIV-specific T cells. This study aimed to characterize the interaction of MVA and MVA expressing the HIV-1 genes Env-Gag-Pol-Nef of clade B (referred to as MVA-B) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) and the subsequent processes of HIV-1 antigen presentation and activation of memory HIV-1-specific T lymphocytes. For these purposes, we performed ex vivo assays with MDDC and autologous lymphocytes from asymptomatic HIV-infected patients. Infection of MDDC with MVA-B or MVA, at the optimal dose of 0.3 PFU/MDDC, induced by itself a moderate degree of maturation of MDDC, involving secretion of cytokines and chemokines (IL1-ra, IL-7, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1ÎČ, RANTES, IP-10, MIG, and IFN-α). MDDC infected with MVA or MVA-B and following a period of 48 h or 72 h of maturation were able to migrate toward CCL19 or CCL21 chemokine gradients. MVA-B infection induced apoptosis of the infected cells and the resulting apoptotic bodies were engulfed by the uninfected MDDC, which cross-presented HIV-1 antigens to autologous CD8+ T lymphocytes. MVA-B-infected MDDC co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes induced a highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response including proliferation, secretion of IFN-Îł, IL-2, TNF-α, MIP-1ÎČ, MIP-1α, RANTES and IL-6, and strong cytotoxic activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4+ T lymphocytes. These results evidence the adjuvant role of the vector itself (MVA) and support the clinical development of prophylactic and therapeutic anti-HIV vaccines based on MVA-B
La renovaciĂłn de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingĂŒĂstica
El libro reĂșne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de LingĂŒĂstica (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovaciĂłn de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temĂĄticas abordadas en los 167 capĂtulos muestran las grandes lĂneas de investigaciĂłn que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro paĂs, pero tambiĂ©n en los otros paĂses mencionados arriba, y señalan ademĂĄs las ĂĄreas que reciĂ©n se inician, con poca tradiciĂłn en nuestro paĂs y que deberĂan fomentarse. Los trabajos aquĂ publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigaciĂłn: FonologĂa, Sintaxis, SemĂĄntica y PragmĂĄtica, LingĂŒĂstica Cognitiva, AnĂĄlisis del Discurso, PsicolingĂŒĂstica, AdquisiciĂłn de la Lengua, SociolingĂŒĂstica y DialectologĂa, DidĂĄctica de la lengua, LingĂŒĂstica Aplicada, LingĂŒĂstica Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la LingĂŒĂstica, Lenguas AborĂgenes, FilosofĂa del Lenguaje, LexicologĂa y TerminologĂa
The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes
Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics
NĂveis de fitase em raçÔes para suĂnos em fase de terminação
This experiment was conducted with the aim
of evaluate the inclusion of different levels of
phytase in the rations with high phytic acid
concentration to finishing pigs on performance,
carcass characteristics, and meat quality. The
experimental treatments were: ration without
phytase, and rations with phytase (500, 1000 and
1500 PPU). The rations were isonutritive, based on
corn grain, soybean meal, and defatted corn
germen meal ingredients and were offered ad
libitum during 28 days before the slaughter. Were
evaluated the pig performance, carcass
characteristic, meat quality, lipidic oxidation and
serum profile of iron, calcium an phosphorus and
fecal profile of calcium and phosphorus. Thirty
two pigs (Landrace X Large Withe), 16 male and
16 female, with 60.3±5.32 kg of initial weight, were
allocated on individual pens. The experimental
design was randomized blocks, using a 4 x 2
factorial model (4 levels of phytase and 2 sexes),
been each animal considered a replicate. There
was a better (p<0.05) feed conversion rate in
groups receiving 1000 and 1500 PPU of phytase
and a lower consumption of ration (p<0.05) in the
group treated with 1500 PPU of phytase than the
control group. It was observed a quadratic effect
(p<0.05) for phosphorus levels in feces, where
the best point was 998.24 PPU, and there were
lower concentrations (p<0.05) of phosphorus in
the feces of treated groups (500, 1000 and 1500
PPU) compared to the control group. The addition
of phytase at the level of 1000 PPU is positive to
reduce the phosphorus elimination and improve
the feed conversion rate, without deleterious
effects on meat quality.O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar os efeitos
da inclusĂŁo de diferentes nĂveis de fitase em
raçÔes com elevada concentração de ĂĄcido fĂtico,
para suĂnos em fase de terminação sobre o
desempenho, caracterĂsticas de carcaça e a
qualidade de carne. Os tratamentos experimentais
foram: ração sem fitase, e raçÔes com 500, 1000
e 1500 UFA (unidades de fitase). As raçÔes foram
formuladas com a base de farelo de gérmen de
milho desengordurado, farelo de soja e milho grĂŁo,
sendo isonutrientes e fornecidas ad libitum du-
rante 28 dias pré-abate. Foram avaliadas as ca-
racterĂsticas de desempenho, carcaça, qualidade
da carne, oxidação lipĂdica, os nĂveis sĂ©ricos de
ferro, cålcio e fósforo, e a concentração fecal de
cĂĄlcio e fĂłsforo. Foram utilizados 32 suĂnos
(Landrace x Large Withe), 16 machos castrados
e 16 fĂȘmeas, com peso mĂ©dio inicial de 60,3±5,32
kg, alojados individualmente. O delineamento ex-
perimental foi em blocos casualizados, em um
modelo fatorial 4 x 2 (4 nĂveis de fitase e 2 sexos ),
onde a unidade experimental foi o animal. Houve
melhora (p<0,05) na conversĂŁo alimentar para os
tratamentos com 1000 e 1500 UFA de fitase e
menor consumo de ração (p<0,05) para o grupo
tratado com 1500 UFA de fitase em relação ao
grupo controle (sem fitase). Para a perda de ĂĄgua
no descongelamento o tratamento com 1500 UFA
de fitase apresentou piora (p<0,05) no Ăndice em
relação ao grupo controle. Foi verificado efeito
quadrĂĄtico (p<0,05) para a quantidade de fĂłsforo
nas fezes, sendo o ponto de mĂnima de 998,24
UFA, e menores concentraçÔes (p<0,05) para os
tratamentos com fitase (500, 1000 e 1500 UFA) em
relação ao grupo controle. A adição de fitase sob
o nĂvel de 1000 UFA Ă© positiva na redução da
eliminação do fósforo fecal e na melhora da
conversão alimentar, sem efeitos deletérios na
qualidade da carne