Transboundary pollution, pollution, development and environmental damage

Currently, it is apparent how the environment has become a fundamental issue of the interdependence situation that characterizes the current world system. This tendency involves the emergence of new responsibilities, positions and conditions for actors such as states, multinational corporations, International Organizations and NGOs, among others. Regarding thisframework, perhaps one of the major challengesthat countries face whenthey interact with each other is the process of environmental pollution and damage to neighbors. Beyond the debate around the concept of transboundary pollution and its pertinence today, because of their characteristics, developed and developing countries are called to play a specific role in the global environmental scenario. This paper analyzes the environmental dimension of the international system current context, in order to understand the role of the transboundary pollution responsibilities and evolution in the entire world, to define the main elements, interests concerns and challenges behind its participation, and how this process can contribute to the political and economic positioning of many countries on the international system.En la actualidad, es evidente cómo el medio ambiente se ha convertido en una cuestión fundamental de la situación de interdependencia que caracteriza el actual sistema mundial. Esta tendencia implica la aparición de nuevas responsabilidades, posiciones y condiciones para los actores como los estados, corporaciones multinacionales, organizaciones internacionales y ONGs entre otras.En relación con esta estructura, quizás uno de los principales retos que enfrentan los países cuando interactúan entre ellos es el proceso de contaminación ambiental y daños a los vecinos. Más allá del debate en torno al concepto de contaminación tranforonteriza y su pertinencia actual, debido a sus características, los países desarrollados y en desarrollo estás llamados a desempeñar un papel especifico en el escenario del medio ambiente mundial.Este trabajo analiza la dimensión ambiental del contexto del sistema internacional actual, con el fin de comprender el papel de los deberes en cuanto a contaminación transfronteriza y su evolución en el mundo, para definir los elementos principales, se refiere a los intereses y desafíos que plantea su participación, y cómo este proceso puede contribuir al posicionamiento político y económico de muchos países en el sistema internacional

Sistema de costos ABC del restaurant la cabaña, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con el la finalidad de conocer el sistema de costos ABC con el cual trabaja el Restaurante La Cabaña SAC. Investigación aplicada de nivel descriptivo de diseño no experimetal-transversal por que se describen los hechos tal cual se dieron con el respectivo soporte de teorias, asi como se recogio información en un solo periodo de tiempo, sin haber manipulado la variable de estudio. La poblacion y muestra estuvo conformada por la empresa Restaurat la Cabaña SRL, 2019. En donde se utilizan las técnicas que son análisis documental y entrevista, en consecuencia los instrumentos utilizados fueron ficha de análisis documental y guía de entrevista. Se concluye el sistema de costos ABC, de la empresa Restaurant La Cabaña SRL, es eficiente ya que nos permite controlar mejor los costos y como resultado obtener una buena ganancia en los cuatro platos elaborados, como son: parihuela tenemos una ganancia de S/ 7.41, arroz con mariscos S/ 9.59, en el ceviche S/ 6.03 y en la jalea mixta S/ 6.49 respectivamente.Trabajo de investigació

Sistema de costos ABC y su incidencia en la fijación de precios del restaurant La Cabaña, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con el fin de determinar la incidencia del sistema de costos ABC en la fijación de precios del Restaurant La Cabaña SAC. Investigacion aplicada de nivel descriptivo de diseño no experimetal-transversal por que se recogio información en un solo periodo de tiempo. Sin manipular variable alguna, describiendose tal cual se dieron los hechos, utilizando teorias que dieron el soporte necesario. La poblacion y muestra estuvo conformada por la empresa Restaurant la Cabaña SRL, 2019. En donde se utilizan las técnicas que son análisis documental, entrevista y observación directa, por ende los instrumentos utilizados fueron ficha de análisis documental, guía de entrevista, guía de observación. Se concluye que la aplicación de un sistema de costos A.B.C incide de manera positiva en la fijación de precios de los productos del Restaurant La Cabaña SRL que son: sudado de pescado, arroz con mariscos, ceviche de pescado, ceviche mixto y chicharron de pescado, ya que permite establecer la correcta distribución de los Costos Indirectos de fabricación basado en actividades para cada tipo de producto lo que a su vez sirve de base para la correcta fijación de precios de tal forma que se pueda obtener utilidad en cada producto vendido.TesisGestión empresarial y emprendimient

SISTEMA DE COSTOS ABC DEL RESTAURANT LA CABAÑA, 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación se realiza con el la finalidad de conocer el sistema de costos ABC con el cual trabaja el Restaurante La Cabaña SAC. Investigación aplicada de nivel descriptivo de diseño no experimetal-transversal por que se describen los hechos tal cual se dieron con el respectivo soporte de teorias, asi como se recogio información en un solo periodo de tiempo, sin haber manipulado la variable de estudio. La poblacion y muestra estuvo conformada por la empresa Restaurat la Cabaña SRL, 2019. En donde se utilizan las técnicas que son análisis documental y entrevista, en consecuencia los instrumentos utilizados fueron ficha de análisis documental y guía de entrevista. Se concluye el sistema de costos ABC, de la empresa Restaurant La Cabaña SRL, es eficiente ya que nos permite controlar mejor los costos y como resultado obtener una buena ganancia en los cuatro platos elaborados, como son: parihuela tenemos una ganancia de S/ 7.41, arroz con mariscos S/ 9.59, en el ceviche S/ 6.03 y en la jalea mixta S/ 6.49 respectivamente.Trabajo de investigació

Recycling Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste: Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

The authors appreciate the support of the research group TEP-968 (Technologies for Circular Economy) of the University of Granada.The organic fraction is usually the predominant fraction in municipal solid waste, so its recycling is a potential alternative to disposal in landfill sites, as well as helping to reach targets included in the European Circular Economy Package. The existing body of knowledge in this research field is very large, so a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature has been considered of interest to provide researchers and professionals with a detailed understanding of the status quo and predict the dynamic directions of this field. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis have been performed to provide objective criteria for evaluating the work carried out by researchers and a macroscopic overview of the existing body of knowledge in this field. The analysis of 452 scientific articles published from 1980 to 2019 has shown that the application of composting technologies is relevant, especially since 2014, when policies aimed at reducing emissions to the atmosphere were increased and focused on the use of this waste fraction to produce biogas. Nevertheless, the scientific field is still evolving to impose a model of a circular economy; in fact, emerging studies are being conducted on the production of biomethane, contributing to the decarbonised energy system.Research group TEP-968 (Technologies for Circular Economy) of the University of Granad

Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome : presentation of a case report

Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is a rare congenital disease of low prevalence. However, it presents a high prevalence within the genetic pathologies of overgrowth. This syndrome presents typical manifestations such as macroglossia, macrosomy at birth, omphalocele and defects of the anterior abdominal wall. Its origin is known to be genetic, but its mechanism of generation is not clear. This syndrome has been the object of wide studies since investigators have established a relationship between the methods of assisted fertilization (assisted reproduction treatment, ART) and its appearance. Currently, research is oriented towards the improvement of the prenatal diagnostic techniques, which would allow a preparation of the multidisciplinary medical team to treat the pathologies with which these patients are born. Next we present the case of a 1 year-old child who consults this service with a diagnosis of macroglossia associated with BWS

The Tetrahymena metallothionein gene family: twenty-one new cDNAs, molecular characterization, phylogenetic study and comparative analysis of the gene expression under different abiotic stressors

Background: Ciliate metallothioneins (MTs) are included in family 7 of the MT superfamily. This family has been divided into two main subfamilies: 7a or CdMTs and 7b or CuMTs. All ciliate MTs reported have been isolated from different Tetrahymena species and present unique features with regard to standard MTs. Likewise, an expression analysis has been carried out on some of MT genes under metal stress, corroborating their classification into two subfamilies. Results: We isolated 21 new cDNAs from different Tetrahymena species to obtain a wider view of the biodiversity of these conserved genes. Structural analysis (cysteine patterns) and an updated phylogenetic study both corroborated the previous classification into two subfamilies. A new CuMT from a Tetrahymena-related species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was also included in this general analysis. We detected a certain tendency towards the presentation of a CdMT tri-modular structure in Borealis group species with respect to Australis group. We report for the first time a semi-complete paralog duplication of a CdMT gene originating a new CdMT gene isoform in T. malaccensis. An asymmetry of the codon usage for glutamine residues was detected between Cd- and CuMTs, and the phylogenetic implications are discussed. A comparative gene expression analysis of several MT genes by qRTPCR revealed differential behavior among them under different abiotic stressors in the same Tetrahymena species. Conclusions: The Tetrahymena metallothionein family represents a quite conserved proteinstructure group with unique features with respect to standard MTs. Both Cd- and CuMT subfamilies present very defined and differentiated characteristics at several levels: cysteine patterns, modular structure, glutamine codon usage and gene expression under metal stress, among others. Gene duplication through evolution seems to be the major genetic mechanism for creating new MT gene isoforms and increasing their functional diversity

The value of genomic relationship matrices to estimate levels of inbreeding

Background Genomic relationship matrices are used to obtain genomic inbreeding coefficients. However, there are several methodologies to compute these matrices and there is still an unresolved debate on which one provides the best estimate of inbreeding. In this study, we investigated measures of inbreeding obtained from five genomic matrices, including the Nejati-Javaremi allelic relationship matrix (FNEJ), the Li and Horvitz matrix based on excess of homozygosity (FL&H), and the VanRaden (methods 1, FVR1, and 2, FVR2) and Yang (FYAN) genomic relationship matrices. We derived expectations for each inbreeding coefficient, assuming a single locus model, and used these expectations to explain the patterns of the coefficients that were computed from thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in a population of Iberian pigs. Results Except for FNEJ, the evaluated measures of inbreeding do not match with the original definitions of inbreeding coefficient of Wright (correlation) or Malécot (probability). When inbreeding coefficients are interpreted as indicators of variability (heterozygosity) that was gained or lost relative to a base population, both FNEJ and FL&H led to sensible results but this was not the case for FVR1, FVR2 and FYAN. When variability has increased relative to the base, FVR1, FVR2 and FYAN can indicate that it decreased. In fact, based on FYAN, variability is not expected to increase. When variability has decreased, FVR1 and FVR2 can indicate that it has increased. Finally, these three coefficients can indicate that more variability than that present in the base population can be lost, which is also unreasonable. The patterns for these coefficients observed in the pig population were very different, following the derived expectations. As a consequence, the rate of inbreeding depression estimated based on these inbreeding coefficients differed not only in magnitude but also in sign. Conclusions Genomic inbreeding coefficients obtained from the diagonal elements of genomic matrices can lead to inconsistent results in terms of gain and loss of genetic variability and inbreeding depression estimates, and thus to misleading interpretations. Although these matrices have proven to be very efficient in increasing the accuracy of genomic predictions, they do not always provide a useful measure of inbreeding.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. CGL2016-75904-C2Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-114426GB-C22European Commission | Ref. H2020, n. 727315Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2020-05European Commission | Ref. H2020, SMARTER, n. 772787Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council | Ref. BBS / E / D / 3000227

Multi-Parametric Analysis Based on Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biochemical Methane Potential Estimation for the Selection of IndustrialWastes as Co-Substrates in Anaerobic Digestion

This work was supported by EMASAGRA S.A. thanks to the grant number 13 included in the Program INICIATC-INNCUBA CAJASUR-UG