Foundations, description and analysis of the situational questionnaire of strategies and goals for school conflicts resolution

[ES] El objetivo del artículo es ofrecer un instrumento para evaluar las estrategias de re-solución utilizadas y las metas planteadas por el alumnado y el profesorado en los conflictos es-colares. Se optó por un cuestionario situacional porque conecta con las experiencias reales de ambos colectivos y facilita el diseño de programas para la resolución positiva de los conflictos en función de las necesidades detectadas. El instrumento (en sendas versiones para alumnado y profesorado) está conformado por seis tipos de conflictos escolares presentados en situaciones hipotéticas, adaptadas en cada versión. En cada situación se solicita la frecuencia de ocho estra-tegias (negociación, mediación, persuasión, adaptación con comprensión,afirmación de poder, violencia, evasión y aceptación con sumisión) y el grado de acuerdo con siete metas (relacional, cambio con internalización, cumplimiento de normas, valor académico, compensación, evitacióny punición) de resolución de conflictos. En cuanto a los análisis estadísticos, antes de realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), se exploraron los datos obtenidos de 1143 estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) y 166 de sus profesores y profesoras en sus respectivas versiones del cuestionario, confirmando su adecuación. Los análisis factoriales identificaron en ambas versiones tres factores de estrategias (integrador, dominador y evi-tadordel malestar) y dos de metas (a largo y a corto plazo). Además, se realizaron diversos análisis de fiabilidad y validez de los datos, obteniéndose valores adecuados. Por tanto, se aporta una herramienta rigurosa, realista y sensible para evaluar la gestión del conflicto, tanto del alumnado como del profesorado, proporcionando claves para diseñar una intervención ajustada a las necesidades de ambos colectivos y de la escuela. [EN] The objective of this article is to offer an instrument to evaluate the resolution strategies used and the goals set by students and teachers in school conflicts. A situational questionnaire was chosen because it connects with the real experiences of both groups and facilitates the design of programs for the positive resolution of conflicts based on the needs detected. The instrument (in both versions for students and teachers) is made up of six types of school conflicts presented in hypothetical situations, adapted in each version. In each sit-uation the frequency on eight conflict resolution strategies is requested (negotiation, media-tion, persuasion, adaptation with understanding, affirmation of power, violence, evasion andacceptance with submission) and the degree of agreement with seven goals (relational, be-haviour change, rules fulfilment, academic value, compensation, avoidance and punishment). Regarding the statistical analyses, before carrying out the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the databases from the responses of 1143 ESO (Compulsory Secondary Education) students and 166 from their teachers to their respective versions of the questionnaire, were explored confirming their adequacy. The factor analyses identified in both versions three factors of strategies (integrating, dominating and avoiding discomfort) and two factors of goals (longand short term). In addition, various data validity and reliability analyses were carried out, ob-taining adequate values. Therefore, an accurate, realistic and sensitive instrument is provided to assess conflict management, both in students and teachers, supplying guides to design an intervention adjusted to needs of both groups and the school itself

Alcohol use and family‑related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi- Square test and Student’s T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain 2010|145 2013|034 PI16/0194

Impact of a Comprehensive Anti-Smoking Program at a Regional University Hospital and Predictive Variables of Being a Smoker among Hospital Workers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program conducted over twelve years at a regional university hospital in southern Spain. Prevalence of tobacco was compared retrospectively using data collected during occupational health assessments (n = 4291). Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate tobacco consumption differences according to age, sex, professional category, and workplace building. The results show a reduction in the active smoking rate among hospital staff evaluated (from 22.8% to 19.8%) with significant differences between non-health and health workers. Accumulated smoking consumption fell to 13.45 ± 14.60 packs/year with men presenting a higher consumption (p < 0.001). The predictive variables of tobacco use were sex (greater consumption among men, p = 0.021), number of cigarettes (greater consumption among professionals who smoked less than 1 pack/day, p < 0.001), and time smoking (greater use among professionals with more than 10 years smoking, p < 0.001). There was a higher rate of staff smokers at the hospital building with a majority of mental health inpatients. This study provides a practical example of making the optimum use of digital medical records in the evaluation of a comprehensive anti-smoking health program

Capacitive platform for real-time wireless monitoring of liquid wicking in a paper strip

Understanding the phenomenon of liquid wicking in porous media is crucial for various applications, including the transportation of fluids in soils, the absorption of liquids in textiles and paper, and the development of new and efficient microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Hence, accurate and real-time monitoring of the liquid wicking process is essential to enable precise flow transport and control in microfluidic devices, thus enhancing their performance and usefulness. However, most existing flow monitoring strategies require external instrumentation, are generally bulky and unsuitable for portable systems. In this work, we present a portable, compact, and cost-effective electronic platform for real-time and wireless flow monitoring of liquid wicking in paper strips. The developed microcontroller-based system enables flow and flow rate monitoring based on the capacitance measurement of a pair of electrodes patterned beneath the paper strip along the liquid path, with an accuracy of 4 fF and a full-scale range of 8 pF. Additionally to the wired transmission of the monitored data to a computer via USB, the liquid wicking process can be followed in real-time via Bluetooth using a custom-developed smartphone application. The performance of the capacitive monitoring platform was evaluated for different aqueous solutions (purified water and 1 M NaCl solution), various paper strip geometries, and several custom-made chemical valves for flow retention (chitosan-, wax-, and sucrose-based barriers). The experimental validation delivered a full-scale relative error of 0.25%, resulting in an absolute capacitance error of ±10 fF. In terms of reproducibility, the maximum uncertainty was below 10 nl s−1 for flow rate determination in this study. Furthermore, the experimental data was compared and validated with numerical analysis through electrical and flow dynamics simulations in porous media, providing crucial information on the wicking process, its physical parameters, and liquid flow dynamics

Nuevas metodologías para abordar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en género

Introducción: El género se construye culturalmente a través de la socialización, aplicar una metodología teórico-vivencial y analítica hará reconocer al alumnado con mayor eficacia los procesos interiorizados Objetivos: Introducir una metodología teórico-vivencial en asignaturas del Departamento de Enfermería relacionadas con el Género, Profundizar en una metodología de análisis del discurso social que nos envuelve (cine, publicidad, canciones…), Evaluar el impacto de estas metodologías en la consecución de las competencias por parte del alumnado: conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes. Metodología: Cualitativa. Unidad de observación: -274 Alumnado matriculado en “Género y Salud”. Unidades de análisis: proceso enseñanzaaprendizaje, género, salud. Análisis de las memorias del alumnado de los seminarios teóricovivenciales. Resultados: El alumnado se “da cuenta”, toma conciencia, empieza a prestar atención y mirar de forma diferente, empieza a cambiar actitudes y comportamientos. Conclusiones: Trabajar con una metodología vivencial y de análisis de discurso en género, permite la toma de conciencia, la deconstrucción y la posibilidad de cambiar comportamientos y actitudes, lo que supone un primer paso para avanzar en igualdad, por tanto promover salud y cuidados saludables y formar futuros y futuras profesionales más sanos/as e igualitarios/as

A cost-effective microfluidic device for determination of biodiesel content in diesel blends

The increasing production and extensive use of biodiesel in the latest years call for the development of fast and cost-effective procedures for point-of-care analysis. One of the main quality parameters is the biodiesel content in diesel blends, which needs to conform to regional legislations. In this work, a microfluidic device exploiting chemical derivatization of alkyl esters and detection by smartphone-based digital-image colorimetry was developed. It was designed to ensure proper experimental conditions for chemical derivatization, including re- agent release, and photometric measurements. Analytes reacted with alkaline hydroxylamine yielding the cor- responding alkyl hydroxamates, measured as colored Fe(III) complexes. Analytical response was based on the measurement of the G (green) channel from RGB color system. By taking methyl linoleate as a model compound, a linear response was obtained from 0.1% to 0.6%(v/v) (Analytical signal = 69.6 +2.1 C, r = 0.999), coefficient of variation (n = 10) of 4.0% and limit of detection (99.7% confidence) of 0.04%(v/v). Procedure consumes 1.2 µL of sample, 230 µg of hydroxylamine, 480 µg of NaOH, 14 µg of Fe(III) and equivalent to 1.2 µL of 69%(v/v) HNO3. Accurate results were achieved in relation to the MIR reference method, with agreement at the 95% confidence levelThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Fundaç˜ao de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de S˜ao Paulo FAPESP (proc. 2021/12242–5 and 2018/07687–5). and the support from the Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” (Project PID2019–103938RB- I00) and Junta de Andalucía (Projects B-FQM-243-UGR18 and P18-RT- 2961)

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Stool Detects Transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis from an Infected Donor to Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Solid organ transplant recipients can acquire Strongyloides stercoralis from an infected donor. The diagnosis of S. stercoralis in immunocompromised individuals may be challenging due to a lower sensitivity of available parasitological and serological methods, compared with immunocompetent individuals. Recently, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in stool has been developed for S. stercoralis diagnosis. We report two cases of S. stercoralis infection transmitted by a donor to two solid organ transplant recipients, whose stool samples were diagnosed using RT-PCR. This test could play an important role in S. stercoralis diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients, facilitating rapid treatment initiation and reducing the risk of severe strongyloidiasis. Adherence to current recommendations of screening among donors and recipients from endemic areas is also urgently needed

Alcohol use and family-related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

Background: During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student's T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.This work was supported by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and project PI16/01947

Asistir, consultar, involucrar: ¿es necesario redefinir el concepto de participación comunitaria?

Objetivo Describir qué entienden por participación comunitaria las personas que trabajan en 10 proyectos de promoción de la salud y cómo se implementa. Método Estudio mixto cuali-cuantitativo. Se recopilaron datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 10 personas representantes de los proyectos, y se realizaron talleres presenciales en los que participaron 53 personas que contestaron a un cuestionario elaborado ad hoc para identificar los niveles de participación comunitaria. Análisis estadístico descriptivo de los cuestionarios y análisis de matriz de las entrevistas, observaciones y grabaciones de los talleres. Resultados Aunque los proyectos se definen como muy participativos, la participación se manifiesta principalmente como asistencia, con escasos ejemplos de consulta o implicación real de la comunidad. Conclusiones La discrepancia observada puede deberse a una falta de cultura de participación de individuos e instituciones, y a falta de formación. Se propone dejar de hablar de participación-asistencia y hacerlo de consultar o involucrar a las personas

Alcohol use and family-related factors among Spanish university students: the unHicos project

[EN] Background During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students. Methods Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated. Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student's T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association. Results The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72; p < 0.001 and women OR = 1.74; p < 0.001) and family history of consumption (p = 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association. The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health servicesSIThis work was supported by the National Drug Plan, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality of Spain (Codes: 2010|145, 2013|034 and 2020|030) and project PI16/01947