Consanguinity in Two Spanish Regions: La Cabrera and Fuentes Carrionas. Dispensations and Isonymy

In this work the level and structure of consanguinity is analysed in two Spanish rural regions of similar geographic and orographic characteristics for the period between 1880 and 1979, employing two different methodologies. The estimates according dispensations shows that the total levels (a4=0.00552 in La Cabrera and 0.00405 in Fuentes Carrionas) and the structures of consanguinity (C22/C33=0.43 and 0.34) are similar in both regions, but have evolved differently. Whereas in La Cabrera both parameters have remained stable, in Fuentes Carrionas they fluctuated through the period analysed. On studying the structure of consanguinity more closely using the isonymic method, it can be seen that in La Cabrera total consanguinity (Ft=0.0206) should be attributed mainly to environmental factors (Fr=0.0193) and to a lesser extent to socio-cultural factors (Fn=0.0013), whereas in Fuentes Carrionas it derives, almost exclusively, from the former (Ft=0.01270; Fr=0.01589; Fn=-0.00325)

Fatalism and well-being across hispanic cultures: the Social Fatalism Scales (SFS)

The author may only post his/her version provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be provided by inserting the DOI number of the article in the following sentence: “The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOI]”Fatalism has been a core construct in the study of psychological and social processes related to well-being and life quality in social sciences. The objective of the present research is to develop a new instrument, the Social Fatalism Scales (SFS), which allows us to study the influence of individualist and collectivist fatalism on well-being across Hispanic cultures. The parallel and exploratory factor analyses suggest a multidimensional structure composed by four factors (Study 1). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that this four-factor structure is adjusted perfectly to the data (Study 2). All the SFS presented an adequate reliability in the two examined samples. As expected, fatalism in an individualist culture (Spanish sample) negatively correlated with subjective well-being and social well-being indicators. However, in a collectivist sample (Colombian), fatalism was negatively related to social and psychological well-being but positively to subjective well-being. In collectivist cultures, social fatalism is manifested as a useful strategy to adapt to certain aspects of life.This research was supported by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness—Government of Spain (PSI2012-37808) and Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (C03070610)

El componente eudaimónico de la satisfacción con la vida y el bienestar psicológico en culturas hispanas

In the study of well-being there are two partially overlapping traditions that have been developed in parallel. Subjective well-being (SWB) has been associated with the hedonistic approach of well-being, and psychological well-being (PWB) with the eudaimonistic one. However, satisfaction with life, the most common SWB indicator, is not strictly a hedonic concept and contains many eudaimonic components. The objective of this research is to examine whether a Eudaimonic Well-being G-Factor of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS) and Psychological Well-being Scales (PWBS) emerges. Method: 400 people from the general population of Colombia (Study 1) and 401 from Spain (Study 2), recruited via advertisement, voluntarily participated and fi lled in a booklet containing, in order of appearance, the PWBS and the SWLS. Results: According to our hypothesis, parallel analysis, eigenvalues, scree plot graphs and exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) suggested the existence of a one-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2) indicated that this one-factor model provided excellent data fi t. Results of a multi-group confi rmatory factor analysis confi rmed cross-cultural factor invariance. Conclusions: These results question the view that the satisfaction with life indicator is uniquely hedonic and point to the need for a greater integration between hedonic and eudaimonic traditionsEn el estudio del bienestar existen dos tradiciones parcialmente solapadas que se han desarrollado en paralelo. El bienestar subjetivo (BS) se ha asociado tradicionalmente con la aproximación hedonista y el bienestar psicológico (BP) con la eudaimonista. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con la vida, el indicador más empleado de BS, incluye componentes claramente eudaimónicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar si emerge un Factor G-Bienestar Eudaimónico de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (ESV) y las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (EBP). Método: 400 personas de población general de Colombia (estudio 1) y 401 de España (estudio 2) completaron, en este orden, las EBP y las ESV. Resultados: el Análisis Paralelo de Horn y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (estudio 1) indicaron la existencia de una estructura de un factor. El Análisis Factorial Confi rmatorio (estudio 2) demostró que el modelo de un factor se ajustaba de forma excelente a los datos. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio multi-grupo se confirmó la invarianza factorial transcultural. Conclusiones: estos resultados cuestionan que la satisfacción con la vida sea un indicador únicamente hedónico y señalan la necesidad de que se produzca una mayor integración entre la tradición hedónica y eudaimónicaThis research was supported by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - Government of Spain (PSI2012-37808) and Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (C03070610

Estudio de la relación entre eventos traumáticos precoces, problemas de apego y psicopatología en pacientes en tratamiento en equipo de salud mental

Basándonos en investigaciones anteriores se evidencia que la psicopatología está relacionada con el entorno y las experiencias del niño en sus primeros años de vida: los eventos traumáticos precoces que sufre y, por tanto, el estilo de apego que desarrolla. Estas perturbaciones son un signo predictor del desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos a lo largo de su vida. Dichos factores también podrían influir en la cronicidad y gravedad de los trastornos. Consideramos que es importante identificar estos eventos traumáticos precoces y los estilos de apego de los pacientes que acuden a los Servicios de Salud Mental, y estudiar su relación e influencia sobre la psicopatología, dada la posibilidad de intervenir no sólo farmacológicamente sino también desde una perspectiva psicoterapéutica. Para ello, hemos realizado un estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo transversal con un tamaño muestral de 62 pacientes recogidos de forma aleatoria en el Equipo de Salud Mental del Distrito 1, perteneciente al Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Para ello, hemos recogido datos socio-demográficos y nos hemos servido de tres escalas para valorar los siguientes aspectos: Para la gravedad de la enfermedad, la escala de Impresión Clínica Global de gravedad (CGI); para medir el trauma infantil, la escala Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); y para establecer el estilo de apego, la escala Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR). Hemos obtenido un resultado significativo en el estudio de la relación entre eventos traumáticos precoces con alteraciones en el desarrollo del apego y a su vez, con el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos. Por el contrario, examinando los aspectos de evolución y cronicidad, los resultados han sido no significativos para relación de los mismos con los puntos a tratar. Para concluir, revalidamos la influencia de los eventos traumáticos precoces y el establecimiento de un apego inseguro con el desarrollo de la psicopatología.Grado en Medicin

Nanostructured Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Sustained and Colon-Specific Resveratrol Release

In the present work, we demonstrate the preparation of chitosan-based composites as vehicles of the natural occurring multi-drug resveratrol (RES). Such systems are endowed with potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, through the sustained colonic release of RES from long-lasting mucoadhesive drug depots. The loading of RES into nanoparticles (NPs) was optimized regarding two independent variables: RES/polymer ratio, and temperature. Twenty experiments were carried out and a Box–Behnken experimental design was used to evaluate the significance of these independent variables related to encapsulation efficiency (EE). The enhanced RES EE values were achieved in 24 h at 39 °C and at RES/polymer ratio of 0.75:1 w/w. Sizes and polydispersities of the optimized NPs were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Chitosan (CTS) dispersions containing the RES-loaded NPs were ionically gelled with tricarballylic acid to yield CTS-NPs composites. Macro- and microscopic features (morphology and porosity studied by SEM and spreadability), thermal stability (studied by TGA), and release kinetics of the RES-loaded CTS-NPs were investigated. Release patterns in simulated colon conditions for 48 h displayed significant differences between the NPs (final cumulative drug release: 79–81%), and the CTS-NPs composites (29–34%)

Design of stable metabolic networks

In this work, we propose eigenvalue optimization combined with Lyapunov theory concepts to ensure stability of the Embden—Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, the pentosephosphate pathway, the phosphotransferase system and fermentation reactions of Escherichia coli. We address the design of a metabolic network for the maximization of different metabolite production rates. The first case study focuses on serine production, based on a model that consists of 18 differential equations corresponding to dynamic mass balances for extracellular glucose and intracellular metabolites, and thirty kinetic rate expressions. A second case study addresses the design problem to maximize ethanol production, based on a dynamic model that involves mass balancesfor 25 metabolites and 38 kinetic rate equations. The nonlinear optimization problem including stability constraints has been solved with reduced space Successive Quadratic Programming techniques. Numerical results provide useful insights on the stability properties of the studied kinetic models.Fil: Di Maggio, Jimena Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Anibal Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Bandoni, Jose Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Ricci, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Rare earth elements (ree) in the solid phase of calcic and petrocalcic horizons of the pampean southern region

Los suelos de la planicie Pampeana Austral, desarrollados a partir de sedimentos loéssicos tienen horizontes cálcicos evolucionados en el presente ciclo (Ck) y/o heredados (2Ck) y petrocálcicos (2Ckm) asociados a paleoclimas más áridos que el presente. Controlada por el clima/paleoclima y por la geomorfología, la complejidad geopedogenética determina variabilidad en la mineralogía de los suelos impactando en su composición geoquímica elemental. Las Tierras Raras (REE) son un grupo escasamente investigado que aporta información respecto de la procedencia sedimentaria. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar las REE en la fase sólida de horizontes Ck y Ckm pertenecientes a suelos del valle del Arroyo El Divisorio. Se tomaron cuatro muestras de suelo: dos en la cuenca superior y dos en la cuenca inferior. Se efectuó la cuantificación mediante Análisis por Activación Neutrónica (INAA- Code 1D-Enhanced; flujo de neutrones: 7x1012 n cm-2 s-1; Actlabs-Canadá) determinándose La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb y Lu entre las REE y otros elementos asociados. Independientemente de la posición de los suelos en la cuenca, las REE tienen una distribución comparable aunque con contenidos inferiores en el 2Ckm petrocálcico respecto de los Ck. Por otra parte, entre los Ck, el contenido más elevado de REE correspondió a los planos interfluviales estables de la cuenca inferior (La: 25,2 ppm, Ce: 41 ppm, Nd: 28 ppm, Sm: 4,1 ppm, Eu: 1,4 ppm, Tb: <0,5 ppm, Yb: 2,3 ppm y Lu: 0,44 ppm), adicionalmente estos valores resultaron comparables a los hallados en el polvo eólico depositado actualmente en la región. La distribución REE resultó similar, aunque con contenidos inferiores, en el 2Ckm petrocálcico respecto de los Ck de las laderas del valle. La similitud detectada entre estos últimos y la REE del polvo eólico actual prueban la firma patagónica y una procedencia mixta con predominio de sedimentos loéssicos.Soils of the Pampeana Austral region, formed in loessic parent materials, have calcic horizons (Ck) that evolved in the present pedogenetic cycle and/or were inherited (2Ck) and petrocalcic horizons (2Ckm) associated to paleoclimates that were more arid than the semiarid present climate. The geopedogenetic complexity affected by climate/paleoclimate and controlled by geomorphology determines variability in soil mineralogy having an impact in its elementary geochemistry. The Rare Earth Elements (REE) is a group of elements that provides information related to the sedimentary origin of soils and has been scarcely investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize the REE in the solid phase of Ck and Ckm horizons from soil profiles of the Arroyo El Divisorio. Four soil samples were collected: two from theupper and two from the lower basin. Quantitative analyses were performed by Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA-Code 1D-Enhanced; neutron flux: 7x1012 n cm-2 s-1; Actlabs-Canada). The following REE were determined: La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu; other associated elements were also analyzed. Independently of soil position in the studied basin, the REE have a comparable distribution although with lower contents in the 2Ckm petrocalcic than in the Ck. On the other hand, in the Ck horizons, the highest content of REE was found in the stable interfluve plains of the lower basin (La 25.2 ppm, Ce: 41 ppm, Nd: 28 ppm, Sm: 4.1 ppm, Eu: 1,4 ppm, Tb: <0.5 ppm, Yb: 2.3 ppm y Lu: 0.44 ppm) while REE in aeolian dust presently deposited in the region are analogous to the Ck horizons of the studied basin. REE distribution was comparable although with lower contents in the petrocalcic 2Ckm compared to Ck of the valley slope. The similarity detected among the latter and the REE of present aeolian dust confirms their Patagonian procedence and the composition ofmixed parent materials with predominant loess sediments.Fil: Díaz, Silvana Letisia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET - Bahia Blanca; Argentina;Fil: Blanco, María del Carmen. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomia. Area Suelos y Aguas; Argentina;Fil: Amiotti, Nilda Mabel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomia. Area Suelos y Aguas; Argentina

Circulant singular spectrum analysis: a new automated procedure for signal extraction

Sometimes, it is of interest to single out the fluctuations associated to a given frequency. We propose a new variant of SSA, Circulant SSA (CiSSA), that allows to extract the signal associated to any frequency specified beforehand. This is a novelty when compared with other SSA procedures that need to iden- tify ex-post the frequencies associated to the extracted signals. We prove that CiSSA is asymptotically equivalent to these alternative procedures although with the advantage of avoiding the need of the subse- quent frequency identification. We check its good performance and compare it to alternative SSA methods through several simulations for linear and nonlinear time series. We also prove its validity in the nonsta- tionary case. We apply CiSSA in two different fields to show how it works with real data and find that it behaves successfully in both applications. Finally, we compare the performance of CiSSA with other state of the art techniques used for nonlinear and nonstationary signals with amplitude and frequency varying in time.MINECO/FEDE

Circulant Singular Spectrum Analysis to monitor the state of the economy in real time.

Real-time monitoring of the economy is based on activity indicators that show regular patterns such as trends, seasonality and business cycles. However, parametric and non-parametric methods for signal extraction produce revisions at the end of the sample, and the arrival of new data makes it difficult to assess the state of the economy. In this paper, we compare two signal extraction procedures: Circulant Singular Spectral Analysis, CiSSA, a non-parametric technique in which we can extract components associated with desired frequencies, and a parametric method based on ARIMA modelling. Through a set of simulations, we show that the magnitude of the revisions produced by CiSSA converges to zero quicker, and it is smaller than that of the alternative procedure.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

Health status and pesticide exposure level of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba, Argentina

Pesticide exposure in rural areas affects a sector of the population that is highly exposed and very vulnerable. Thus, agricultural workers represent a highly vulnerable population to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. The rural area of Cordoba dedicated to extensive crops (soybean, corn, sorghum, peanuts, wheat and sunflower) experienced a rapid expansion in the last 20 years, with 7.3 million hectares in 2011/2012. The technological farming model used in the region requires increasing amounts of chemicals, to control pests, leading to a particular setting of sanitary risk to farm workers and rural communities. The study of health impacts of pesticides and the accurate estimation of pesticide exposure is of major concern in public health. This cross sectional study aimed to describe the health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina, in relation to their pesticide exposure level.http://www.esl.unc.edu.ar/especial/Libro%20de%20Resumenes%20EIDIPA%202015%20final%20sin%20ISBN.pdfFil: Butinof, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina.Fil: Stimolo, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Fil: Lantieri, María Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Blanco, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, María Del Pilar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas; Argentina.Salud Ocupaciona