Control empresarial de los medios informáticos de trabajo

Treball Final de Grau en Relacions Laborals i Recursos Humans. Codi: RL0947. Curs: 2014/2015La temática a tratar en el presente trabajo cuenta con una importancia creciente en el mundo del derecho del trabajo, puesto que a medida que la tecnología va invadiendo cada espacio de nuestras vidas1, lo hace de forma similar en el ámbito laboral, modificando no solo la forma en la que las empresas producen sino también cambiando la forma en la que éstas se relacionan con sus empleados y viceversa. El propósito buscado será analizar las consecuencias de esta Tercera Revolución Industrial2 sobre la relación laboral existente entre el empresario y el trabajador por cuenta ajena, teniendo en cuenta que este primero disfrutará de un poder de dirección sobre el empleado a la hora de ordenar la forma en la que se organizará y llevará a cabo el trabajo. A su vez, se comprobará como esta normativa empresarial no goza de unos límites infinitos, sino que vendrá limitada por el marco de los derechos fundamentales que establece la Constitución Española

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the general population of Granada and co-infections with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida species

Purpose: Purulent or exudative genitourinary infections are a frequent cause of consultation in primary and specialized healthcare. The objectives of this study were: to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and co-infections with Candida spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal secretion; and to use multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyse the genetic diversity of T. vaginalis strains. Methodology: The samples were submitted for analysis (n=5230) to a third-level hospital in Granada (Southern Spain) between 2011 and 2014; eight T. vaginalis strains isolated during 2015 were randomly selected for MLST analysis. Culture and nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to detect microorganisms in the samples. Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 2.4 % between 2011 and 2014, being higher during the first few months of both 2011 and 2012. Among samples positive for T. vaginalis, co-infection with G. vaginalis was detected in 29 samples and co-infection with Candida spp. in 6, while co-infection with all three pathogens was observed in 3 samples. The only statistically significant between-year difference in co-infection rates was observed for T. vaginalis with G. vaginalis due to an elevated rate in 2011. MLST analysis results demonstrated a high genetic variability among strains circulating in our setting. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the need for the routine application of diagnostic procedures to avoid the spread of this sexually transmitted infection

Serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns in beta-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in colonized mothers and newborns with invasive disease

Introducción Las actuales medidas de prevención frente a la enfermedad neonatal causada por Streptococcus agalactiae, estreptococo del grupo B (EGB), son la realización de un cribado prenatal y la administración de profilaxis antibiótica intraparto con antimicrobianos adecuados. Una alternativa a esta estrategia sería la administración de una vacuna polisacarídica, por lo que es necesario conocer la distribución de serotipos capsulares de las cepas circulantes. Métodos Se estudiaron 188 cepas procedentes de gestantes del área sanitaria norte de Granada portadoras vaginorrectales de EGB y 24 de recién nacidos con enfermedad neonatal enviadas al laboratorio desde distintos hospitales andaluces. Se realizó antibiograma frente a penicilina, eritromicina y clindamicina siguiendo las normas del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), y se determinó su serotipo capsular mediante 2 métodos: aglutinación con partículas de látex y métodos moleculares. Resultados De las 188 cepas de S. agalactiae pertenecientes a mujeres embarazadas, se obtuvo una concordancia en los resultados del 80,8% entre ambas técnicas. Se detectó resistencia a eritromicina y clindamicina en el 16,5 y el 10,1% de cepas, respectivamente. En las cepas neonatales, en el 95,8% de los aislados los resultados obtenidos por ambas técnicas fueron coincidentes. Las tasas de resistencia frente a eritromicina y clindamicina fueron del 8,3 y del 4,1%, respectivamente. En ambos grupos de aislados el serotipo más frecuente fue el iii y el más relacionado con resistencia frente a antimicrobianos, el v. Conclusión Se deberían realizar más estudios epidemiológicos que permitan continuar con una vigilancia de los serotipos causantes de enfermedad invasiva así como sus patrones de sensibilidad antibiótica utilizando métodos sensibles y específicos.Abstract Introduction Current preventive measures against neonatal disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) are prenatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis with appropriate antimicrobials. An alternative to this strategy would be the administration of a polysaccharide vaccine as the distribution of capsular serotypes of circulating strains needs to be known. Methods A study was made of 188 strains from pregnant women carrying GBS and 24 newborns with neonatal disease. Susceptibility testing was performed with penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin following CLSI standards, and capsular serotype was determined by two methods: latex agglutination and PCR. Results Of the 188 strains of S. agalactiae from the pregnant women, there was 80.8% agreement in the results between the two techniques. Resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin was found in 16.5% and 10.1%, respectively. For neonatal strains, 95.8% of the results obtained by the two techniques were identical. The rates of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin were 8.3% and 4.1%, respectively. In both groups, most frequently isolated serotype was iii, and the most related to antimicrobial resistance serotype was v. Conclusion Epidemiological studies are necessary to continue surveillance of serotypes causing invasive disease and its antibiotic sensitivity patterns using sensitive and specific methods

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis in the general population of Granada and co-infections with Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida species.

Purulent or exudative genitourinary infections are a frequent cause of consultation in primary and specialized healthcare. The objectives of this study were: to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and co-infections with Candida spp. and Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal secretion; and to use multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyse the genetic diversity of T. vaginalis strains. The samples were submitted for analysis (n=5230) to a third-level hospital in Granada (Southern Spain) between 2011 and 2014; eight T. vaginalis strains isolated during 2015 were randomly selected for MLST analysis. Culture and nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to detect microorganisms in the samples. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was 2.4 % between 2011 and 2014, being higher during the first few months of both 2011 and 2012. Among samples positive for T. vaginalis, co-infection with G. vaginalis was detected in 29 samples and co-infection with Candida spp. in 6, while co-infection with all three pathogens was observed in 3 samples. The only statistically significant between-year difference in co-infection rates was observed for T. vaginalis with G. vaginalis due to an elevated rate in 2011. MLST analysis results demonstrated a high genetic variability among strains circulating in our setting. These findings emphasize the need for the routine application of diagnostic procedures to avoid the spread of this sexually transmitted infection

Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Rapid Oligochromatographic Assay for Specific Detection of New Human Influenza A H1N1 Virus ▿

A new oligochromatographic assay, Speed-Oligo Novel Influenza A H1N1, was designed and optimized for the specific detection of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus. The assay is based on a PCR method coupled to detection of PCR products by means of a dipstick device. The target sequence is a 103-bp fragment within the hemagglutinin gene. The analytical sensitivity of the new assay was measured with serial dilutions of a plasmid that contained the target sequence, and we determined that down to one copy per reaction of the plasmid was reliably detected. Diagnostic performance was assessed with 103 RNAs from suspected cases (40 positive and 63 negative results) previously analyzed with a reference real-time PCR technique. All positive cases were confirmed, and no false-positive results were detected with the new assay. No cross-reactions were observed when other viral strains or clinical samples with other respiratory viruses were tested. According to these results, this new assay has 100% sensitivity and specificity. The turnaround time for the whole procedure was 140 min. The assay may be especially useful for the specific detection of 2009 H1N1 virus in laboratories not equipped with real-time PCR instruments

Estado del conocimiento biológico pesquero de los principales recursos vivos y su ambiente, con relación a la exploración hidrocarburífera en la Zona Económica Exclusiva Argentina y adyacencias

El presente documento tiene como objeto describir los principales ecosistemas marinos de la región (ecosistema costero bonaerense, plataforma media, norpatagónico, austral y talud) y aportar información biológica y pesquera de los recursos de importancia comercial más relevantes, así como de los restantes componentes biológicos que habitan esos ecosistemas (fito y zooplancton, invertebrados bentónicos). Se espera que esta información contribuya, en una primera instancia, a la planificación de futuras prospecciones sísmicas en el Mar Argentino, de forma tal de minimizar el eventual impacto que las mismas pudiesen causar sobre la biota de estos ecosistemas. También se brin- da información sobre la distribución de la flota pesquera y la normativa vigente de manejo para las dife- rentes pesquerías que se desarrollan en la ZEEA.Fil: Allega, Lucrecia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Braverman, Mara Silvia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Cabreira, Ariel Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Campodónico, Silvana. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Colonello, Jorge Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Derisio, Carla María. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Di Mauro, Rosana Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Gaitán, Esteban Nicolás. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Hozbor, Maria. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irusta, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Lutz, Vivian Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Marí, Noemí. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Militelli, Maria Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moriondo, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Navarro, Gabriela. Dirección de Planificación y Gestión de Pesquerías; ArgentinaFil: Orlando, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Pajaro, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Prandoni García, Nicolás Iván. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Prosdocimi, Laura. Dirección de Planificación y Gestión de Pesquerías; ArgentinaFil: Reta, Raul. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Rico, Rita. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Riestra, Cecilia Micaela. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Schejter, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Schiariti, Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Souto, Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Verón, Eleonora Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentin