818 research outputs found
Regional Variations in Agricultural Productivity- A Study of Uzbekistan
Agriculture plays an important role in Uzbekistan’s economy. It provides employment to about 60 percent rural population. The agricultural sector accounts for 12.2 percent of production assets, 44.4 percent of employment, 70 percent trade, 30.1 percent of G.D.P and 60 percent of exports. The aim of this work is to analyse the temporal and spatial variation in agricultural productivity. This was achieved by employing spearman’s rank correlation to the agricultural productivity of the thirteen states of Uzbekistan. The study has revealed that the agricultural productivity has shown marked regional variations. The study area has been divided into five regions on the basis of agricultural productivity. The highest productivity region consists of the states of Fargana and Sirdarya while the lowest productivity region consists of the states of Karakalpakstan and Bukhara. The disparity can be solved through increased output, both in surplus, marginal and negative areas of crop production
Towards optimal multimode fiber imaging by leveraging input polarization and conditional generative adversarial networks
Deep learning techniques provide a plausible route towards achieving
practical imaging through multimode fibers. However, the results produced by
these methods are often influenced by physical factors like temperature, fiber
length, external perturbations, and polarization state of the input light. The
impact of other factors, except input light polarization, has been discussed in
the literature for imaging applications. The input polarization has been
considered by researchers while looking at the characterization and control of
polarization in multimode fibers. Here, we show experimentally that the state
of polarization of light, being injected at multimode fiber input, affects the
fidelity of reconstructed images from speckle patterns. Certain polarization
states produce high-quality images at fiber output, while some yield degraded
results. We have designed a conditional generative adversarial network~(CGAN)
for image regeneration at various degrees of input light polarization. We
demonstrate that in the case of multimode fibers that are held fixed, optimal
imaging can be achieved by leveraging our CGAN model with the input light
polarization state, where the fidelity of images is maximum. Our work exhibits
high average structural similarity index values exceeding 0.9, surpassing the
previously reported value of 0.8772. We also show that the model can be
generalized to image adequately for all input light polarization states when
the fiber has bends or twists. We anticipate our work will be a stepping stone
toward developing high-resolution and less invasive multimode fiber endoscopes
Zero-Shot Generalizable End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System using Context Summarization and Domain Schema
Task-oriented dialog systems empower users to accomplish their goals by
facilitating intuitive and expressive natural language interactions.
State-of-the-art approaches in task-oriented dialog systems formulate the
problem as a conditional sequence generation task and fine-tune pre-trained
causal language models in the supervised setting. This requires labeled
training data for each new domain or task, and acquiring such data is
prohibitively laborious and expensive, thus making it a bottleneck for scaling
systems to a wide range of domains. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a
novel Zero-Shot generalizable end-to-end Task-oriented Dialog system, ZS-ToD,
that leverages domain schemas to allow for robust generalization to unseen
domains and exploits effective summarization of the dialog history. We employ
GPT-2 as a backbone model and introduce a two-step training process where the
goal of the first step is to learn the general structure of the dialog data and
the second step optimizes the response generation as well as intermediate
outputs, such as dialog state and system actions. As opposed to
state-of-the-art systems that are trained to fulfill certain intents in the
given domains and memorize task-specific conversational patterns, ZS-ToD learns
generic task-completion skills by comprehending domain semantics via domain
schemas and generalizing to unseen domains seamlessly. We conduct an extensive
experimental evaluation on SGD and SGD-X datasets that span up to 20 unique
domains and ZS-ToD outperforms state-of-the-art systems on key metrics, with an
improvement of +17% on joint goal accuracy and +5 on inform. Additionally, we
present a detailed ablation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed components and training mechanis
Investigation of structural and optoelectronic properties of BaThO3
Structural and optoelectronic properties of BaThO3 cubic perovskite are
calculated using all electrons full potential linearized augmented plane wave
(FP-LAPW) method. Wide and direct band gap, 5.7 eV, of the compound predicts
that it can be effectively used in UV based optoelectronic devices. Different
characteristic peaks in the wide UV range emerges mainly due to the transition
of electrons between valance band state O-p and conduction band states Ba-d,
Ba-f, Th-f and Th-d.Comment: 20 pages and 7 figure
Ab-initio study of the bandgap engineering of Al(1-x)Ga(x)N for optoelectronic applications
A theoretical study of Al(1-x)Ga(x)N, based on full-potential linearized
augmented plane wave method, is used to investigate the variations in the
bandgap, optical properties and non-linear behavior of the compound with the
variation of Ga concentration. It is found that the bandgap decreases with the
increase of Ga in Al(1-x)Ga(x)N. A maximum value of 5.5 eV is determined for
the bandgap of pure AlN which reaches to minimum value of 3.0 eV when Al is
completely replaced by Ga. The static index of refraction and dielectric
constant decreases with the increase in bandgap of the material, assigning a
high index of refraction to pure GaN when compared to pure AlN. The refractive
index drops below 1 for photon energies larger than 14 eV results group
velocity of the incident radiation higher than the vacuum velocity of light.
This astonishing result shows that at higher energies the optical properties of
the material shifts from linear to non-linear. Furthermore, frequency dependent
reflectivity and absorption coefficients show that peak value of the absorption
coefficient and reflectivity shifts towards lower energy in the UV spectrum
with the increase in Ga concentration. This comprehensive theoretical study of
the optoelectronic properties of the alloys is presented for the first time
which predicts that the material can be effectively used in the optical devices
working in the visible and UV spectrum.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Low-Cost Resistivity Meter for Groundwater Exploration Using High Voltage Experimentations
26 March, 2018 Accepted: 17 September, 2019Abstract: Resistivity survey is very well known for the exploration of groundwater and to determine the depth ofbedrock. Generally, in Pakistan local drillers rarely use resistivity meter due to high cost of commercially availableequipment. Therefore, most of the wells for groundwater are drilled without any feasibility survey, which causeseconomic and time loss. An inexpensive resistivity meter has been developed that can help the local community toconduct a survey for groundwater. This designed equipment is handy, portable, easy to operate and can bemanufactured locally. This equipment costs 500 US Dollars (USD), whereas commercially available equipment costs2500 to 50000 USD. The designed portable device comprises of a 12V DC battery, an inverter, multiplier circuit,DPDT switch and electrodes. A 12V DC battery is fed to an inverter to achieve AC supply of 220V. The achieved ACvoltage is rectified to DC-voltage which is further enhanced up-to 1300 volts using voltage multiplier circuit. This highDC voltage is called High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC). HVDC is switched at very low frequency of 1Hz.Automatic switching is being accomplished by means of DPDT relay and its control circuitry. HVDC at low frequencyis applied to the earth through electrodes to determine resistivity for different materials lying inside the ground with apenetration depth of 100 meters. This portable instrument would be useful to map surface lithological layers, determinequality of groundwater and bedrock level in accurate and inexpensive way
Effects of COD/N ratio on soluble microbial products in effluent from sequencing batch reactors and subsequent membrane fouling
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd The relative ratios of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (N) in wastewater are known to have profound effects on the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) from activated sludge. In this study, the changes in the SMP characteristics upon different COD/N ratios and the subsequent effects on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling potentials were examined in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Three unique fluorescent components were identified from the SMP samples in the bioreactors operated at the COD/N ratios of 100/10 (N rich), 100/5 (N medium), and 100/2 (N deficient). The tryptophan-like component (C1) was the most depleted at the N medium condition. Fulvic-like (C2) and humic-like (C3) components were more abundant with N rich wastewater. Greater abundances of large size biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) were found under the N deficient and N rich conditions, respectively. SMPs from various COD/N exhibited a greater degree on membrane fouling following the order of 100/2 > 100/10 > 100/5. C1 and C2 had close associations with reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively, while the reversible fouling potential of C3 depended on the COD/N ratios. No significant impact of COD/N ratio was observed on the relative contributions of SMP size fractions to either reversible or irreversible fouling potential. However, the COD/N ratios likely altered the BP foulants' composition with greater contribution of proteinaceous substances to reversible fouling under the N deficient condition than at other N richer conditions. The opposite trend was observed for irreversible fouling. Our results provided further insight into changes in different SMP constitutes and their membrane fouling in response to microbial activities under different COD/N ratios
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