Analytical Identification Method for the Single Diode Model Parameters of a Photovoltaic Panel using Datasheet Values

An analytical identification method is presented in this paper to estimate the five parameters of photovoltaic panel using only the datasheet values and the single diode model. The proposed technique is based on calculating analytically the different parameters using the remarkable points in datasheet at standard test conditions (STC). The obtained results have a good agreement between the simulated current-voltage and power-voltage curves and the experimental data extracted from datasheet for KC200GT PV module. The accuracy of the proposed method is compared with other work published previously. Moreover, this method correctly reproduces the PV curves under various temperatures and irradiation levels

Extraction of photovoltaic generator parameters through combination of an analytical and iterative approach

In the present work, we propose an improved method based on a combination of an analytical and iterative approach to extract the photovoltaic (PV) module parameters using the measured current-voltage characteristics and the simple diode model. First, we calculate the series resistance using a set of analytical formulas for the base values of the three current-voltage curves. Then, the three other parameters are analytically expressed as functions of serial resistance and ideality factor based on the linear least-squares method. Finally, the ideality factor is calculated applying an iterative algorithm to minimize the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value. The proposed method was validated with a real experimental set of two PV generators, which showed the best fit to the I-V curve. Moreover, the proposed method needs only the initial value of the ideality factor

Capital account liberalization and Moroccan macroeconomic performances

Moroccan economic policy was oriented since mid-1980s to open and liberalize the economy. The openness policy was reinforced with trade flows liberalization in 1993 with accession to article VIII of IMF status. In a new step, the opening of the economy is reached after accession to the GATT and WTO and the conclusion of many bilateral free trade agreements in the end of 1990s and the beginning of the new millennium. Recently, the openness is accelerated in the area of capital flows liberalization with the objective to eliminate the restrictions on capital inflows and then on capital outflows. Thus, the recent capital account dynamics lead us to attempt to evaluate their effects on main macroeconomic variables. For this, we start the discussion by recalling the theoretical debate around external financial liberalization and lessons obtained from the recent experience. After this, we discuss the opportunity for Morocco, as small and open economy, to integrate international financial markets. Methodologically, we use a Structural Vector Auto-Regressive (SVAR) model to explore the interaction between capital flows and macroeconomic variables. The period of study is from 1980 to 2012. The results allow us to conclude that capital account liberalization has a major effect on real effective exchange rate. Capital inflows lead to a temporary depreciation of the real effective exchange rate during the first year and, then, to an appreciation starting from the second year. Precisely, the results confirmed that the conduct of capital account liberalization policy under a fixed exchange rate regime is conducive to the risk of real appreciation

Determination of the real experimental composition of the Ar-CO

The temperature profiles in wall-stabilized atmospheric pressure arcs in argon and Ar-CO2 mixture have been obtained at currents of 5 A to 40 A using spectroscopy techniques. The temperature profiles were measured using the absolute intensity of spectral lines. The monatomic excitation temperatures are determined experimentally from three chosen spectral lines of argon (415.86, 427.22, 696.54 nm), spectral lines of carbon (538.03, 477.175 nm) and spectral lines of triple oxygen (777.19, 777.42, 777.54 nm) in wall-stabilized arc. The results show the plasma had not the same composition locally as the gas injected in to the middle of the arc column. The results obtained are in good agreement with previously published data for pure argon and show the gradient formation of an arc core and the increase in axis temperature as the gas mixture is varied from pure argon to Ar-CO2 mixture. Another result of these investigations is to show the importance of high purity gas when using monatomic gases, the addition of even a few per cent of CO2 to argon having a drastic effect both upon extinction of the arc according to current values and upon the temperature profiles

El Maleh ou le devenir romancier du philosophe phénoménologue

Maouhoub Mohamed. El Maleh ou le devenir romancier du philosophe phénoménologue. In: Horizons Maghrébins - Le droit à la mémoire, N°56, 2007. Littérature et héritage spirituel dans le monde arabe et en méditerranée. pp. 145-148

Le pli de l'écriture

Maouhoub Mohamed. Le pli de l'écriture. In: Horizons Maghrébins - Le droit à la mémoire, N°27, 1994. Présences d'Edmond Amran El Maleh. pp. 125-135

Prologue

Question de la méthod

CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DE LA MOLECULE DE CO2 SUR UN PLASMA DE MELANGE Ar-CO2,<br />ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE LA REPARTITION RADIALE DES<br />TEMPERATURES DANS UN PLASMA Ar-CO2,

This work is devoted both the experimental and theoretical study of a thermal plasma formed in Ar-CO2. First the composition and thermodynamic properties are calculated versus temperature for various percentages of CO2 and Ar at atmospheric pressure and at thermodynamic equilibrium.Secondly, with a Maecker chamber a spectroscopy emission ananlysis in made for the various proportion of Ar-CO2. The Abel inversion is discussed. The temperatures are obtain from atomic spectral lines (ArI, CI, OI) and diatomic spectral lines (Swan System of C2, Violet system of CN)The main results are:-The local stoechiometric coefficients are not the injected one-The plasma temperature increases with current-The gradient temperature decreases with current-The shape of temperatures of electronic exited levels are modified with the proportion of Ar-CO2- Higher CO2 percentage the lower gradient temperature.-The temperature axis around 7000 to 8500 K-The rotational temperatures correspond to external zone.Ce travail comprend deux parties essentielles: une partie théorique et une partie expérimentale. La partie théorique est consacrée à la mise au point d'un formalisme numérique (méthode de Newton-Raphson) en utilisant tes lois d'équilibre de la thermodynamique pour le calcul de la composition et les propriétés thermodynamiques des plasmas thermiques. Ce calcul a été appliqué pour différentes valeurs de pourcentages de CO2 afin de mettre en évidence l'influence de cette molécule sur les propriétés thermodynamiques du plasma du mélange Ar-CO2, à la pression atmosphérique.La partie expérimentale constitue la partie principale et essentielle de ce travail. Nous avons mis au point la chambre à arc stabilisé par parois (type Maecker modifié) afin de disposer d'un arc stable dans le temps. Les méthodes de diagnostic du plasma sont basées sur la spectroscopie d'émission. Deux méthodes d'interpolation (polynôme, spline) pour le lissage des points expérimentaux sont comparées. Les profils de températures d'excitation sont détermines à partir des raies atomiques (argon, carbone, oxygène) et les profils de température de rotation à partir des spectres moléculaires observés, système de Swan C2(0,0) et système violet de CN(0,0).Les principaux résultats expérimentaux obtenus montrent que :-la composition locale du plasma n'est pas celte injectée,- la température augmente en fonction du courant,-le gradient de température diminue quand le courant augmente,-les formes des profils des températures d'excitation sont modifiées pour le plasma du mélange Ar-CO2-le gradient de température diminue quand on augmente te pourcentage de CO2,- la formation d'un noyau à température élevée sur l'axe de la décharge et d'un début de palier entre 7 000k et 8 500 K,- les températures de rotations sont vraisemblablement celtes de la périphérie