150 research outputs found
Chronic Pain and Depression
Today, it is clear that chronic pain and depression are closely related. Depression can cause pain, and chronic pain can cause depression too. According to the American Pain Foundation, about 32 million people in the U.S. report have had pain lasting longer than 1 year. Statistical international data prove that more than half of the patients with pain are depressed or have mood swings, and on average, 65% of depressed people also complain of pain. Patients simultaneously suffering of chronic pain and limited independence are especially vulnerable. Fibromyalgia (FM) is one of the most common chronic pain syndromes, affecting 15 up to 5% of world population, is characterized as diffuse widespread body pain, with definite tender points and clinical features, and also triggers the development of depression. Depression severity in patients with FM worsens severity of pain. Depressive disorders are observed in approximately 90% of patients with FM. Pain triggers development of depressive conditions in patients with chronic character of pain, and time course of disease shows certain pattern of increasing of severity of depression and worsens long term outcomes. Patients with chronic pain must be evaluated for depression, and successful management of pain must include treatment of depressive mood too
Area Preserving Transformations in Non-commutative Space and NCCS Theory
We propose an heuristic rule for the area transformation on the
non-commutative plane. The non-commutative area preserving transformations are
quantum deformation of the classical symplectic diffeomorphisms. Area
preservation condition is formulated as a field equation in the non-commutative
Chern-Simons gauge theory. The higher dimensional generalization is suggested
and the corresponding algebraic structure - the infinite dimensional -Lie
algebra is extracted. As an illustrative example the second-quantized
formulation for electrons in the lowest Landau level is considered.Comment: revtex, 9 pages, corrected typo
Current Exchanges for Reducible Higher Spin Multiplets and Gauge Fixing
We compute the current exchanges between triplets of higher spin fields which
describe reducible representations of the Poincare group. Through this
computation we can extract the propagator of the reducible higher spin fields
which compose the triplet. We show how to decompose the triplet fields into
irreducible HS fields which obey Fronsdal equations, and how to compute the
current-current interaction for the cubic couplings which appear in
ArXiv:0708.1399 [hep-th] using the decomposition into irreducible modes. We
compare this result with the same computation using a gauge fixed (Feynman)
version of the triplet Lagrangian which allows us to write very simple HS
propagators for the triplet fields.Comment: 26 pages, 1 table; v3 some clarifications and references added, typos
corrected. Published versio
Effective action in a higher-spin background
We consider a free massless scalar field coupled to an infinite tower of
background higher-spin gauge fields via minimal coupling to the traceless
conserved currents. The set of Abelian gauge transformations is deformed to the
non-Abelian group of unitary operators acting on the scalar field. The gauge
invariant effective action is computed perturbatively in the external fields.
The structure of the various (divergent or finite) terms is determined. In
particular, the quadratic part of the logarithmically divergent (or of the
finite) term is expressed in terms of curvatures and related to conformal
higher-spin gravity. The generalized higher-spin Weyl anomalies are also
determined. The relation with the theory of interacting higher-spin gauge
fields on anti de Sitter spacetime via the holographic correspondence is
discussed.Comment: 40 pages, Some errors and typos corrected, Version published in JHE
Spin 3 cubic vertices in a frame-like formalism
Till now most of the results on interaction vertices for massless higher spin
fields were obtained in a metric-like formalism using completely symmetric
(spin-)tensors. In this, the Lagrangians turn out to be very complicated and
the main reason is that the higher the spin one want to consider the more
derivatives one has to introduce. In this paper we show that such
investigations can be greatly simplified if one works in a frame-like
formalism. As an illustration we consider massless spin 3 particle and
reconstruct a number of vertices describing its interactions with lower spin 2,
1 and 0 ones. In all cases considered we give explicit expressions for the
Lagrangians and gauge transformations and check that the algebra of gauge
transformations is indeed closed.Comment: 17 pades, no figure
An unusual T-cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring a yet unreported near-tetraploid karyotype
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Near-tetraploid (model #81-103) and near-triploid (model #67-81) karyotypes are found in around 1% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Due to its rarity, these two cytogenetic subgroups are generally included in the hyperdiploid group (model # > 51). Therefore separate informations about these two subgroups are limited to a few reports. Some studies found that near-tetraploidy is relatively more frequent in higher median ages and it is associated to Frech-American-British Classification subtype L2. Although the mechanisms by which leukemic blast cells divide is still unclear, studies have suggested that hyperdiploidy, near-triploidy and near-tetraploidy do not seem to share the same mechanism.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Herewith, we present a new childhood T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia case of near-tetraploid karyotype with loss of two p53-gene copies, characterized in detail by cytogenetic and molecular studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that p53 is a good target gene to be screened, once p53 is one of the main effectors of cell cycle checkpoints.</p
Higher-Spin Fermionic Gauge Fields and Their Electromagnetic Coupling
We study the electromagnetic coupling of massless higher-spin fermions in
flat space. Under the assumptions of locality and Poincare invariance, we
employ the BRST-BV cohomological methods to construct consistent
parity-preserving off-shell cubic 1-s-s vertices. Consistency and
non-triviality of the deformations not only rule out minimal coupling, but also
restrict the possible number of derivatives. Our findings are in complete
agreement with, but derived in a manner independent from, the
light-cone-formulation results of Metsaev and the string-theory-inspired
results of Sagnotti-Taronna. We prove that any gauge-algebra-preserving vertex
cannot deform the gauge transformations. We also show that in a local theory,
without additional dynamical higher-spin gauge fields, the non-abelian vertices
are eliminated by the lack of consistent second-order deformations.Comment: 44 pages; references added, minor changes made, to appear in JHE
Holographic phase transition from dyons in an AdS black hole background
We construct a dyon solution for a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in a 4 dimensional
Schwarzschild-anti-de Sitter black hole background with temperature T. We then
apply the AdS/CFT correspondence to describe the strong coupling regime of a
2+1 quantum field theory which undergoes a phase transition exhibiting the
condensation of a composite charge operator below a critical temperature .Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures. Minor corrections, references added. Version
published in JHEP
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