Magnetic Stimulation on the Growth of the Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata

Fossil fuels, our principal sources of energy supply, are non-renewable and research is needed on alternatives that are renewable and potentially more environmentally friendly. Microalgae have been investigated as a future feedstock alternative to petroleum but the technology is still expensive and improvements are needed. Reduction in costs might be achieved by increasing algal biomass and lipid productivity. The lipids can be used to produce biofuels such as biodiesel and biojet fuel. The marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata grows well and can accumulate high lipid content. In this study, the effects of static magnetic field stimulation (SMF) of 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mT were investigated in terms of growth and biochemical composition of this microalga. In comparison to the control, the cells grown at 10 mT had the highest increase in biomass productivity (45%) and lipid productivity (57%) in addition to increase in other co-product yields. Some of the co-products could potentially be used for high value-added applications, thus helping to offset costs even further. The use of magnetic field stimulation on microalgae is a promising technique to enhance growth and productivity, and Nannochloropsis oculata was shown in this study to be a suitable microalgae species to be considered for biodiesel applications

Reasoning Against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944

Reasoning against Madness: Psychiatry and the State in Rio de Janeiro, 1830-1944 examines the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry, looking at how its practitioners fashioned themselves as the key architects in the project of national regeneration. The book\u27s narrative involves a cast of varied characters in an unstable context: psychiatrists, Catholic representatives, spiritist leaders, state officials, and the mentally ill, all caught in the shifting landscape of modern state formation. Manuella Meyer investigates the key junctures at which psychiatrists sought to establish their authority and the ways in which their adversaries challenged this authority. These moments serve as productive points from which to explore the moral and political economies of mental health, demonstrating how sociopolitical negotiations shape psychiatric professionalization. Meyer argues that the gradual adoption of punitive configurations of insanity helped sanction during a time of rapid socioeconomic, political, and cultural transformation.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1295/thumbnail.jp

Validation of the SenseWear HR Armband for Measuring Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the SenseWear HR Armband in measuring heart rate and energy expenditure. The SenseWear HR Armband was compared to an electrocardiogram (ECG), the Actiheart Mini Mitter and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor. Energy expenditure estimations were compared to indirect calorimetry (Cosmed\u27s K4 b2) measurement and the Actiheart Mini Mitter\u27s estimations. Thirty healthy adults (18-59 years old) participated in the study. The protocol consisted of 5-minute stages, starting with two resting stages (sitting and standing), followed by four walking stages (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mph) and ending with a standing recovery stage. The SenseWear HR Armband consistently recorded higher heart rate when (2-8 bpm) compared to the ECG, the Actiheart Mini Mitter (1-3 bpm) and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor (4-8 bpm). The SenseWear Armband overestimated energy expenditure by approximately 0.5-1.0 kcal/min during the exercise stages of the protocol when compared to the indirect calorimetry measurements, while the Actiheart Mini Mitter consistently underestimated (0.5kcal.min) energy expenditure. The SenseWear HR Armband was found to be a valid device for measuring heart rate however, it consistently overestimated energy expenditure by about 10 during the exercise stages of the protoco

Validation of the SenseWear HR Armband for Measuring Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the SenseWear HR Armband in measuring heart rate and energy expenditure. The SenseWear HR Armband was compared to an electrocardiogram (ECG), the Actiheart Mini Mitter and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor. Energy expenditure estimations were compared to indirect calorimetry (Cosmed\u27s K4 b2) measurement and the Actiheart Mini Mitter\u27s estimations. Thirty healthy adults (18-59 years old) participated in the study. The protocol consisted of 5-minute stages, starting with two resting stages (sitting and standing), followed by four walking stages (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mph) and ending with a standing recovery stage. The SenseWear HR Armband consistently recorded higher heart rate when (2-8 bpm) compared to the ECG, the Actiheart Mini Mitter (1-3 bpm) and the Polar Heart Rate Monitor (4-8 bpm). The SenseWear Armband overestimated energy expenditure by approximately 0.5-1.0 kcal/min during the exercise stages of the protocol when compared to the indirect calorimetry measurements, while the Actiheart Mini Mitter consistently underestimated (0.5kcal.min) energy expenditure. The SenseWear HR Armband was found to be a valid device for measuring heart rate however, it consistently overestimated energy expenditure by about 10 during the exercise stages of the protoco

A GENDER DYSPHORIA ANALYSIS OF AMANDA HARDY IN “IF I WAS YOUR GIRL” NOVEL

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research is to know how the gender dysphoria reflected on Amanda Hardy and the social impact affected on her. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method to analyses Amanda Hardy in “If I Was Your Girl” novel (2016). After conducting the research, the researcher found that Amanda Hardy suffered from gender dysphoria because she cannot accept herself based on Hurlock’s theory.Keywords: Gender Dysphoria, Amanda Hardy, Nove

Microtubule Dynamics, Kinetochore Number, and Kinetochore Distribution in Cells Undergoing Mitosis with Unreplicated Genomes

In cells undergoing mitosis with unreplicated genomes (MUG), anaphase is successfully initiated despite the abundance of kinetochores that are attached to microtubules emanating from both spindle poles (merotely). In cultured cells, merotely is associated with lagging at the metaphase plate. Treatment with microtubule-perturbing drugs alters the frequency of lagging, but the effect of these drugs on MUG cells is unclear. In this study, low doses of a microtubule-stabilizing drug, taxol, or a microtubule-destabilizing drug, nocodazole, dramatically increased the frequency of lagging kinetochores in the midbody of MUG daughter cell pairs. Likewise, increasing the kinetochore number increased the frequency of lagging kinetochores. In this thesis, these data are used to propose a model of mitosis in which the bipolar attachments of MUG cells are reduced to monopolar attachments that are stabilized by their perpendicular orientation with respect to the kinetochore, allowing for spindle assembly checkpoint satisfaction without centromeric tension

Basic emotions: Differences in time sequence and functional imaging with low resolution brain electrical tomography (LORETA)

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the time course of brain activation during the observation of pictures depic ting scenes associated with the four basic emotion of happiness, sadness, fear and disgust. Twenty-nin e right-handed volunteers (17 male, 12 female; mean age 24.6 years) took part in the study. To stu dy the time course of the affective processing the low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) has been used. Each emotional condition has shown specific activation patterns in different brain regions, changing over time. Our findings are in good agreement with other brain-ima ging studies (PET/fMRI) but with the advantage to investigate the temporal evolution of the emotional process in the millisecond range. The results showed that the time sequence of activa tions is different and characteristic for each emotion conditions