646,692 research outputs found
The Merit-Order Effect of Load-Shifting: An Estimate for the Spanish Market
Renewable producers can offer selling bids with very low marginal cost since they
are not obliged to include on any cost related to the use of energy from the wind or sun.
Accordingly, when the Market Operator integrates a renewable bid in the merit-order
generation curve, all the generators based on conventional technologies, with higher marginal
cost due to the cost of fuels, are displaced to the right. The right-shifting of the merit-order
generation curve leads to a lower clearing price, a small increment of the traded energy
(almost inelastic demand curve), and a reduction of the total cost of the energy traded in the
wholesale market. This is the key mechanism of the well-known merit-order effect of
renewables. Load-shifting (demand-side management) plans are expected to yield a reduction
of the cost of the traded energy for the customers, since the cost-saving due to the energy
eschewed at peak hours would be greater than the extra cost due to the increased demand at
off-peak hours. This work will show that the main effects of load-shifting on the market are
qualitatively similar to that of renewables, which exemplify the existence a “merit-order effect
of load-shifting”. To analyse the characteristics of the merit-order effect of load-shifting, a
simplified model has been developed, based on the displacement of the generation and
demand curves. A set of scenarios has been generated in order to quantify the main effects on
the Spanish/Iberian market for 2015.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, España (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Spain) grant ENE2016-77650-
Experimenting with independent and-parallel prolog using standard prolog
This paper presents an approximation to the study of parallel systems using sequential tools. The Independent And-parallelism in Prolog is an example of parallel processing paradigm in the framework of logic programming, and implementations like <fc-Prolog uncover the potential performance of parallel processing. But this potential can also be explored using only sequential systems. Being the spirit of this paper to show how this can be done with a standard system, only standard Prolog will be used in the implementations included. Such implementations include tests for parallelism in And-Prolog, a correctnesschecking
meta-interpreter of <fc-Prolog and a simulator of parallel execution for <fc-Prolog
Visualization designs for constraint logic programming
We address the design and implementation of visual paradigms for observing the execution of constraint logic programs, aiming at debugging, tuning and optimization, and teaching. We focus on the display of data in CLP executions, where representation for constrained variables and for the constrains themselves are seeked. Two tools, VIFID and TRIFID, exemplifying the devised depictions, have been implemented, and are used to showcase the usefulness of the visualizations developed
Overcoming Problems in the Measurement of Biological Complexity
In a genetic algorithm, fluctuations of the entropy of a genome over time are
interpreted as fluctuations of the information that the genome's organism is
storing about its environment, being this reflected in more complex organisms.
The computation of this entropy presents technical problems due to the small
population sizes used in practice. In this work we propose and test an
alternative way of measuring the entropy variation in a population by means of
algorithmic information theory, where the entropy variation between two
generational steps is the Kolmogorov complexity of the first step conditioned
to the second one. As an example application of this technique, we report
experimental differences in entropy evolution between systems in which sexual
reproduction is present or absent.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Singular Lagrangians and precontact Hamiltonian Systems
In this paper we discuss singular Lagrangian systems on the framework of
contact geometry. These systems exhibit a dissipative behavior in contrast with
the symplectic scenario. We develop a constraint algorithm similar to the
presymplectic one studied by Gotay and Nester (the geometrization of the
well-known Dirac-Bergman algorithm). We also construct the Hamiltonian
counterpart and prove the equivalence with the Lagrangian side. A Dirac-Jacobi
bracket is constructed similar to the Dirac bracket
New size measurements in population ecology
In organizational ecology, we find the analysis of the impact exerted by competition between populations on vital ratios to be relatively under-developed. This paper intends to address this issue by developing new competition measurements whose common denominator is to give importance to organizational size. The application of these measurements in the case of competition between organizational forms in a population and their impact on mortality rates, demonstrates the usefulness of modelling competition on them. More specifically, results show how competition levels between firms in a population can be more adequately estimated when rival population mass is used (that is, the aggregate size of the organizations of which it is made up)
Cryomorphological topographies in the study of ice caves
Producción CientíficaThe current interest in ice caves requires that their varied manifestations be known as accurately as possible in view of their responses to a global change and also to their great potential as paleoenvironmental witnesses. This phenomenon has been known about for a long time but is still scarcely studied from the point of view of its cryological values and the evolution and distribution of many of their morphologies. For this, the development of cryomorphological topographies from traditional techniques to geodetic surveys with different tools, including terrestrial laser scanning, is one of the most current ways to characterize and quantify this type of cryospheric phenomena. It represents a new kind of periglacial cartography whose use is feasible in spite of the difficulties these environments present.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project CGL2015-68144-R
A simple approach to distributed objects in prolog
We present the design of a distributed object system for Prolog, based on adding remote execution and distribution capabilities to a previously existing object system. Remote execution brings RPC into a Prolog system, and its semantics is easy to express in terms of well-known Prolog builtins. The final distributed object design features state mobility and user-transparent network behavior. We sketch an implementation which provides distributed garbage collection and some degree of tolerance to network failures. We provide a preliminary study of the overhead of the communication mechanism for some test cases
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