STUDI HABITAT BADAK SUMATERA (DICERORHINUS SUMATRENSIS)DI KAWASAN HUTAN SAMARKILANG KAWASAN EKOSISTEM LEUSER

Banda Ace

Effect of Substrates and Thermal Treatments on Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown Sb2Te3 Thin Films

Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin films were obtained by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The films were grown on crystalline Si(100) and Al2O3(0001) and amorphous SiO2 and alpha-Al2O3 substrates. Their structural properties were compared with those of the Sb2Te3/Si(111) heterostructure. In addition to the effect of the substrate, the influence of pre- and post-growth thermal annealing is also presented. The quality of the films is discussed by comparing their morphological properties, such as roughness and granularity, and ascertaining their crystallinity and their in-plane and out-of-plane orientation

Large Spin-to-Charge Conversion at Room Temperature in Extended Epitaxial Sb2Te3 Topological Insulator Chemically Grown on Silicon

Spin-charge interconversion phenomena at the interface between magnetic materials and topological insulators (TIs) are attracting enormous interest in the research effort toward the development of fast and ultra-low power devices for future information and communication technology. A large spin-to-charge (S2C) conversion efficiency in Au/Co/Au/Sb2Te3/Si(111) heterostructures based on Sb2Te3 TIs grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on 4 '' Si(111) substrates is reported. By conducting room temperature spin pumping ferromagnetic resonance, a 250% enhanced charge current due to spin pumping in the Sb2Te3-containing system is measured when compared to the reference Au/Co/Au/Si(111). The corresponding inverse Edelstein effect length lambda(IEE) ranges from 0.28 to 0.61 nm, depending on the adopted methodological analysis, with the upper value being so far the largest observed for the second generation of 3D chalcogenide-based TIs. These results open the path toward the use of chemical methods to produce TIs on large area Si substrates and characterized by highly performing S2C conversion, thus marking a milestone toward future technology-transfer

Advancing the Economics of Gender: New Insights and a Roadmap for the Future

This article introduces the Special Issue on Gender Differences by reviewing some of the most recent facts on the topic and placing the contributions of each of the papers in the Special Issue in the context of a burgeoning, vibrant literature

Bangladeshi Migrant Associations in Italy: Transnational Engagement, Community Formation and Regional Unity

Referring to the case studies of two cities in Northern Italy, this article seeks to understand how Bangladeshi migrants use associations to seek transnational \u201cways of belonging\u201d and \u201cways of being\u201d. It analyses how this transnational attachment to their home country has played an important role in building their own \u201ccommunity\u201d. The findings reveal that Bangladeshi migrant organizations work to maintain \u201ctransnational ways of belonging\u201d by enabling migrants to retain their cultural roots; this is reflected in their observation of festivals, national days, and other practices and rituals. Although, as a relatively new migrant community, they do not share as many economic links through these associations as many other \u201cdiasporic\u201d organizations, migrants widely express a sense that these economic connections are with their country of origin. However, there is competition within the community based on regional origin, as well as have many ambivalences and contradictions

Immigration and Citizenship: Participation and Self-organisation of Immigrants in the Veneto (North Italy)

Veränderungen, wie sie durch die Globalisierung und die wachsende Anwesenheit von Immigrant(inne)en in Westeuropa entstehen, bringen das traditionelle Konzept des Bürgertums in eine Krise: das formale Kriterium der (Staats-) Bürgerschaft ist nicht länger von Bedeutung für die Aufnahme bzw. die Inklusion einer wachsenden Anzahl von Menschen wie Drittstaatsangehörigen. Ein Forschungsprojekt wie das im Beitrag vorgestellte, das die Forderung von Zuwanderer(inne)n nach (Staats-) Bürgerschaft (MEZZADRA 2001) zu untersuchen beabsichtigt, muss sich deshalb an einem pragmatischeren Verständnis von (Staats-) Bürgerschaft orientieren. Teilweise auf der Grundlage der Arbeiten anderer Autor(inne)n, die das Thema untersucht haben, hat die Verfasserin dieses Beitrags ein multidimensionales Model zur Analyse der Selbstorganisation und der politischen Teilnahme von Zuwanderer(inne)n in Italien und im Besonderen in der Veneto-Region entwickelt. Das Model berücksichtigt vier Faktoren, die großen Einfluss auf die zivilgesellschaftliche und politische Teilnahme von Immigrant(inne)en ausüben können: 1. der supranationale und nationale Kontext; 2. das lokale Zuwanderungsfeld, 3. die infra-politische Sphäre, den kulturellen Hintergrund, die transnationale Dimension und 4. individuelle Faktoren (wie Geschlecht, Alter, Aufenthaltsdauer etc.). Die Forschungsresultate zeigen die Wirksamkeit dieser Faktoren und ihre Bedeutung in der Entwicklung von "(Staats-) Bürgerschaftsforderungen bei Zuwanderern" (MEZZADRA 2001) und verdeutlichen, dass für viele Zuwanderer(innen) die formale (Staats-) Bürgerschaft keine zwingende Voraussetzung für die aktive Teilnahme in der Aufnahmegesellschaft darstellt.The changes related to globalisation and to the increasing presence of immigrants in Western Europe place the traditional concept of citizenship in crisis: formal citizenship is no longer a means to inclusion for an increasing number of people, such as non-EU immigrants. A research project, like the one presented in this paper, which seeks to study immigrants' citizenship demands (MEZZADRA, 2001), needs, therefore, to concentrate on a more pragmatic meaning of citizenship. Partly following the suggestions of some authors who have researched this topic, I have built a multidimensional model for analysing immigrants' self-organisation and political participation in Italy and, in particular, in the Veneto region. The model takes into consideration four factors that can have an influence on immigrants' civic and political participation, namely: 1) supranational and national context, 2) local immigration field, 3) infra-political sphere, cultural background, transnational dimension and 4) some variables related to the individual (like gender, age, length of time in host country, etc). The findings show that these factors are important in shaping "immigrants' citizenship demands" and that for many immigrants formal citizenship is neither a salient issue nor a fundamental tool for participation in the society of arrival.Las transformaciones relacionadas con la globalización y con la presencia creciente de inmigrantes en Europa occidental conlleva la crisis del concepto tradicional de ciudadanía: la ciudadanía formal ya no representa un medio de inclusión para un número creciente de personas como, por ejemplo, los inmigrantes extracomunitarios. Un proyecto de investigación como el que se presenta en este artículo, que pretende estudiar las demandas de ciudadanía por parte de los inmigrantes (MEZZADRA 2001), necesita en realidad, encontrar un concepto de ciudadanía menos pragmático. Siguiendo en parte las sugerencias de algunos autores, he construido un modelo multidimensional para analizar la auto-organización de los inmigrantes y su participación política en Italia, particularmente, en la región del Véneto. El modelo toma en consideración cuatro factores que pueden influir en la participación cívica y política de los inmigrantes: 1) el contexto nacional y supranacional, 2) el campo local de inmigración, 3) la esfera infrapolítica, el perfil cultural, la dimensión transnacional y, 4) algunas variables relacionadas con el individuo (sexo, edad, duración de la presencia en el país, etcétera). Los resultados muestran que estos factores son efectivamente importantes en la formación de "demandas de ciudadanía por parte de los inmigrantes" y que para muchos inmigrantes la ciudadanía formal no es ni un asunto principal ni una herramienta fundamental para participar en la sociedad de instalación