Allen Davenport of the Windsor Foresters; fencible trooper and political activist

Allen Davenport (1775-146) was a key activist of most radical working class movements of the early 19th century. Between 1794 and 1800 he served as a fencible (home service) cavalryman in the British army of the French Revolutionary Wars. He wrote a detailed memoir of his life in 1845. This is mainly about his political career but the first section detailed his army service. No other rank and file memoirs of service in the fencibles exist. The article has a summary of his political career and annotated passages from his memoirs about his military career, outlining how this influenced his politics

Disciplining Innovations

The editors of the 'Disciplining Innovations' issue introduce the theme

"Les monstres de la grande espèce"

"Les monstres de la grande espèce

A role for 3′-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine in altering plant immunity

Our understanding of how, and the extent to which, phytopathogens reconfigure host metabolic pathways to enhance virulence is remarkably limited. Here we investigate the dynamics of the natural disaccharide nucleoside, 3′-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine, in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000. 3′-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine is a plant derived molecule that rapidly accumulates following delivery of P. syringae type III effectors to represent a major component of the infected leaf metabolome. We report the first synthesis of 3′-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine using a method involving the condensation of a small excess of 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-three-O-benzoyl-β-ribofuranose activated with tin tetrachloride with 2′,5′-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyladenosine in 1,2-dichloroethane with further removal of silyl and benzoyl protecting groups. Interestingly, application of synthetic 3′-O-β-D-ribofuranosyladenosine did not affect either bacterial multiplication or infection dynamics suggesting a major reconfiguration of metabolism during pathogenesis and a heavy metabolic burden on the infected plant

‘Shall We Send a Panda?’ A Practical Guide to Engaging Schools in Research: Learning from Large-Scale Mental Health Intervention Trials

The substantial time that children and young people spend in schools makes them important sites to trial and embed prevention and early intervention programmes. However, schools are complex settings, and it can be difficult to maintain school engagement in research trials; many projects experience high levels of attrition. This commentary presents learning from two large-scale, mixed-methods mental health intervention trials in English schools. The paper explores the barriers and challenges to engaging schools in promotion or early intervention research and offers detailed recommendations for other researchers

Novel Au–SiO2–WO3 Core–Shell Composite Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Potential Application in Cancer Cell Imaging

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordWith the rapid development of nanotechnology during the last decades, the ability to detect and control individual objects at the nanoscale has enabled to deal with complex biomedical challenges. In cancer imaging, novel nanoparticles (NPs) offer promising potential to identify single cancer cells and precisely label larger areas of cancer tissues. Herein, a new class of size tunable core-shell composite (Au-SiO2-WO3) nanoparticles is reported. These nanoparticles display an easily improvable ∼ 103 surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor (EF) with a double Au shell for dried samples over Si wafers and several orders of magnitude for liquid samples. WO3 core nanoparticles of 20-50 nm in diameter are sheathed by an intermediate 10-60 nm silica layer, produced by following the Stöber basedprocess and Turkevich method, followed by a 5-20 nm thick Au outer shell. By attaching 4- mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) molecules as Raman reporters to the Au, high-resolution Raman maps which pinpoint the nanoparticles’ location are obtained. Our preliminary results confirm their advantageous SERS properties for single-molecule detection, significant cell viability after 24 h and in vitro cell imaging using coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS). Our long-term objective is to measure SERS nanoparticles in vivo using NearInfrared light.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

Long-term oral antibiotic use in people with acne vulgaris in UK primary care: a drug utilization study

BACKGROUND: The inappropriate use of antibiotics is understood to contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Oral antibiotics are regularly used to treat moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. In practice, we do not know the typical length of oral antibiotic treatment courses for acne in routine primary care and what proportion of people receive more than one course of treatment following a new acne diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe how oral antibiotics are prescribed for acne over time in UK primary care. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive longitudinal drug utilization study using routinely collected primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (2004-2019). We included individuals (8-50 years) with a new acne diagnosis recorded between 1 January 2004 and 31 July 2019. RESULTS: We identified 217 410 people with a new acne diagnosis. The median age was 17 years [interquartile range (IQR) 15-25] and median follow-up was 4.3 years (IQR 1.9-7.6). Among people with a new acne diagnosis, 96 703 (44.5%) received 248 560 prescriptions for long-term oral antibiotics during a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR 2.8-8.5). The median number of continuous courses of antibiotic therapy (≥ 28 days) per person was four (IQR 2-6). The majority (n = 59 010, 61.0%) of first oral antibiotic prescriptions in those with a recorded acne diagnosis were between the ages of 12 and 18. Most (n = 71 544, 74.0%) first courses for oral antibiotics were for between 28 and 90 days. The median duration of the first course of treatment was 56 days (IQR 50-93 days) and 18 127 (18.7%) of prescriptions of ≥ 28 days were for < 6 weeks. Among people who received a first course of oral antibiotic for ≥ 28 days, 56 261 (58.2%) received a second course after a treatment gap of ≥ 28 days. The median time between first and second courses was 135 days (IQR 67-302). The cumulative duration of exposure to oral antibiotics during follow-up was 255 days (8.5 months). CONCLUSIONS: Further work is needed to understand the consequences of using antibiotics for shorter periods than recommended. Suboptimal treatment duration may result in reduced clinical effectiveness or repeated exposures, potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance

Zephyr: The Seventeenth Issue

This is the seventeenth issue of Zephyr, the University of New England\u27s journal of creative expression. Since 2000, Zephyr has published original drawings, paintings, photography, prose, and verse created by current and former members of the University community. Zephyr\u27s Editorial Board is made up exclusively of matriculating students.https://dune.une.edu/zephyr/1260/thumbnail.jp

Human SNP links differential outcomes in inflammatory and infectious disease to a FOXO3-regulated pathway

The clinical course and eventual outcome, or prognosis, of complex diseases varies enormously between affected individuals. This variability critically determines the impact a disease has on a patient’s life but is very poorly understood. Here, we exploit existing genome-wide association study data to gain insight into the role of genetics in prognosis. We identify a noncoding polymorphism in FOXO3A (rs12212067: T > G) at which the minor (G) allele, despite not being associated with disease susceptibility, is associated with a milder course of Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis and with increased risk of severe malaria. Minor allele carriage is shown to limit inflammatory responses in monocytes via a FOXO3-driven pathway, which through TGFβ1 reduces production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, and increases production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10. Thus, we uncover a shared genetic contribution to prognosis in distinct diseases that operates via a FOXO3-driven pathway modulating inflammatory responses. PAPERCLIP