Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies among pregnant women from Chaharmahal and Bakhtyari province using indirect immunoflurescent in 2006-2007

Background and aim: The most serious form of Toxoplasma gondii infection, congenital toxoplasmosis occurs when a non-immune woman is affected during the pregnancy. Thus, having knowledge about Toxoplasma seroprevalence among women during childbearing ages and/or pregnancy is of public health importance. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies during the first trimester of pregnancy in women aged 15-45 years referred to the health centers of the province. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 384 serum samples from pregnant women aged 15-45 years during the first trimester of their pregnancies were examined and tittered for anti-Toxoplasma antibody using Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA) method. Using X2 test, the data were analyzed. Results: Total anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were found in 106 women out of 384 (27.6%), with serum levels ranged between 1:20 and 1:2560. The highest rate of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was found in pregnant women aged 40-45 years (50%) (p<0.05). There was a past history of spontaneous abortion in 29.3% of the sero-positive subjects. Also, 38.5% of the sero-positive women had a history of cat keeping in their house or had a close contact with the animal (p<0.05). There was also a history of lamb meat consumption in 82.2% of sero-positive subjects (p<0.05), while the rate of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 65% for raw vegetables consumers. The highest and the lowest rates of anti-Toxoplasma sero-prevalence occurred in Shahrekord (51.9%) and Farsan (6%) districts, respectively. This rate was also 25% and 29.5% for urban and rural areas, respectively. Conclusion: The findings showed that a large proportion of pregnant women from this area are at risk of infection with Toxoplasma and may be infected during next months of their pregnancies or in their further pregnancie

Evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning during the years 2017 to 2019 in Ilam, Iran

Background: Every year, drug poisoning is the most prevalent reason for referring patients to medical centers. This study aimed to evaluation of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. Methods: In this In this Cross-sectional study, patient samples suspected of morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol poisoning referred to the toxicology laboratory of Ilam University of Medical Sciences were analyzed using the HPLC method, and the results were analysed using SPSS software. Results: Results showed that the percentage of drug use is greater in men than in women. The highest percentage of morphine and methadone poisonings were detected in those under the age of 40, whereas the highest percentage of digoxin poisonings were recorded in those over the age of 80. As a result, the average age of digoxin users was substantially greater in men than in women. Methadone consumers showed significantly greater blood levels than others. In addition, there was a significant difference (P&#60;0.01) in blood levels between men and women who used morphine. Conclusion: In general, it is important to understand the status of drug poisoning with drugs such as morphine, methadone, digoxin, and dronabinol, as well as the prognosis associated with the treatment process of such poisoning. &#160

Need for recovery amongst emergency physicians in the UK and Ireland: A cross-sectional survey

OBJECTIVES: To determine the need for recovery (NFR) among emergency physicians and to identify demographic and occupational characteristics associated with higher NFR scores. DESIGN: Cross-sectional electronic survey. SETTING: Emergency departments (EDs) (n=112) in the UK and Ireland. PARTICIPANTS: Emergency physicians, defined as any registered physician working principally within the ED, responding between June and July 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: NFR Scale, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses how work demands affect intershift recovery. RESULTS: The median NFR Score for all 4247 eligible, consented participants with a valid NFR Score was 70.0 (95% CI: 65.5 to 74.5), with an IQR of 45.5-90.0. A linear regression model indicated statistically significant associations between gender, health conditions, type of ED, clinical grade, access to annual and study leave, and time spent working out-of-hours. Groups including male physicians, consultants, general practitioners (GPs) within the ED, those working in paediatric EDs and those with no long-term health condition or disability had a lower NFR Score. After adjusting for these characteristics, the NFR Score increased by 3.7 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.1) and 6.43 (95% CI: 2.0 to 10.8) for those with difficulty accessing annual and study leave, respectively. Increased percentage of out-of-hours work increased NFR Score almost linearly: 26%-50% out-of-hours work=5.7 (95% CI: 3.1 to 8.4); 51%-75% out-of-hours work=10.3 (95% CI: 7.6 to 13.0); 76%-100% out-of-hours work=14.5 (95% CI: 11.0 to 17.9). CONCLUSION: Higher NFR scores were observed among emergency physicians than reported in any other profession or population to date. While out-of-hours working is unavoidable, the linear relationship observed suggests that any reduction may result in NFR improvement. Evidence-based strategies to improve well-being such as proportional out-of-hours working and improved access to annual and study leave should be carefully considered and implemented where feasible

The linear syzygy graph of a monomial ideal and linear resolutions

summary:For each squarefree monomial ideal $I\subset S = k[x_{1},\ldots , x_{n}]$, we associate a simple finite graph $G_I$ by using the first linear syzygies of $I$. The nodes of $G_I$ are the generators of $I$, and two vertices $u_i$ and $u_j$ are adjacent if there exist variables $x, y$ such that $xu_i = yu_j$. In the cases, where $G_I$ is a cycle or a tree, we show that $I$ has a linear resolution if and only if $I$ has linear quotients and if and only if $I$ is variable-decomposable. In addition, with the same assumption on $G_I$, we characterize all squarefree monomial ideals with a linear resolution. Using our results, we characterize all Cohen-Macaulay codimension $2$ monomial ideals with a linear resolution. As another application of our results, we also characterize all Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes in the case, where $G_{\Delta }\cong G_{I_{\Delta ^{\vee }}}$ is a cycle or a tree

نقش اعتماد عمومی در تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب در نظام اسلامی

Background and Aim: Desirable bioethics is one of the goals of any political and social system, which is considered as a form of peaceful and a just life. This approach is also prominent in the Islamic system. However, various factors such as public trust are effective in achieving the desired bioethics in the Islamic system that the present study addresses these issues and seeks to show how the elements of public trust can achieve the desired bioethics in the Islamic system. Materials and Methods: The method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical, which has been done by searching and examining information in books, historical and religious texts, verses and hadiths, as well as related research to collect data and analyze the subject. Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Findings: Commitment to the covenant, enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong, responsibility, accepting criticism and critique, as well as the rule of law are among the moral values that grow in the shadow of public trust in society and provide the basis to achieve the desirable bioethics. Fulfilling the covenant in act on promises and agreements of the people and the Islamic system, enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong in trying to establish moral values and eliminating vices, responsibility means performing tasks to organize political and social life and the rule of law, acting on the basis of the precepts of Sharia are manifested as the ground for the realization of the desired bioethics in the Islamic system. Conclusion: Public trust, both vertically (the relationship between citizens and the political system) and horizontally (the relationship between citizens with each other), leads to the formation of moral and human values to achieve the desired bioethics in the Islamic system. The values of loyalty, honesty, responsibility, obedience to the law and fulfillment of religious and legal duties and orders, are obtained in the Islamic system if that people trust each other and their trust in the political system is achieved. Therefore, public trust is the background and promoter of moral values in Islamic society. &nbsp; Please cite this article as: Hosseini SM, Pour Manouchehri A, Masoumi J. The Role of Public Trust in the Achievement of Desirable Bioethics in the Islamic System. Bioethics Journal, Special Issue on Ethical &amp; Legal Reflections 2021; 191-201.زمینه و هدف: اخلاق زیستی مطلوب از اهداف هر نظام سیاسی و اجتماعی است که به عنوان شاکله زندگی مسالمت‌آمیز و عادلانه در نظر گرفته می‌شود. این رویکرد در دین اسلام و نظام اسلامی نیز برجسته است. با این حال، عوامل مختلفی از جمله اعتماد عمومی در تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب در چارچوب نظام اسلامی اثرگذار هستند که پژوهش حاضر به این مباحث می‌پردازد و درصدد است تا نشان دهد که عناصر اعتماد عمومی از چه راه‌هایی می‌توانند منجر به تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب در نظام اسلامی شوند. مواد و روش‌ها: روش مورد استفاده در پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است که با غور و تفحص در اطلاعات کتب، متون تاریخی و دینی، آیات و روایات و همچنین پژوهش‌های مرتبط نسبت به گردآوری داده­ها و تحلیل موضوع اقدام شده است. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، ضمن رعایت اصول متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: وفای به عهد، امر به معروف و نهی از منکر، مسؤولیت‌پذیری، انتقادپذیری و انتقادگری و همچنین حاکمیت قانون از جمله ارزش‌های اخلاقی است که در سایه اعتماد عمومی در جامعه رشد کرده و زمینه را برای تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب فراهم می‌آورند. وفای به عهد در عمل به وعده‌ها و توافقات مردم و نظام اسلامی، امر به معروف و نهی از منکر در تلاش برای برقراری ارزش‌های اخلاقی و زدودن رذیلت‌ها، مسؤولیت‌پذیری به معنای انجام تکالیف برای سامان‌بخشی به زندگی سیاسی و اجتماعی و حاکمیت قانون، در عمل بر مبنای دستورات شرع جلوه‌گر می‌شوند که خود زمینه تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب در نظام اسلامی محسوب می‌شوند. نتیجه‌گیری: اعتماد عمومی هم به صورت عمودی (رابطه میان شهروندان و نظام سیاسی) و هم به صورت افقی (رابطه میان شهروندان با یکدیگر) باعث شکل‌گیری ارزش‌های اخلاقی و انسانی برای تحقق اخلاق زیستی مطلوب در نظام اسلامی می‌گردد. ارزش‌های وفاداری، صداقت، مسؤولیت‌پذیری، پیروی از قانون، و عمل به تکالیف و دستورات شرعی و قانونی در صورتی در نظام اسلامی متحقق می‌شوند که اعتماد میان مردم با یکدیگر و اعتماد آنان نسبت به نظام سیاسی حاصل شده باشد. بنابراین اعتماد عمومی، پیش‌زمینه و پیش‌برنده ارزش‌های اخلاقی در جامعه اسلامی است

Bioavailability, fractionation of Pb and Zn in the rhizosphere of sunflower in chelators-amended contaminated soil

Assisted phytoremediation procedures have been widely employed as soil removal instrument of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Rhizosphere processes have a major impact on pb and Zn availability and its fractions in soils. The present study evaluates the effects of EDTA, citric acid (CA) and poultry manure extract (PME) on bioavailability and fractionation of pb, Zn in both the rhizosphere of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and bulk soil. EDTA and CA were added to soils at the rates of 0, 0.5 and 1 mmol kg(-1) soil and PME at 0, 0.5 and 1 g kg(-1) soil as factorial in a completely randomized pattern with three replicates in greenhouse condition. Results showed that chelator application had a significant impact (p residual fraction > OM-bounded fraction > carbonate-bounded fraction > exchangeable fraction. Biochemical soil characteristics in the sunflower rhizosphere change resulting from its roots contributing to pb, Zn decline in mobile soil fractions, and change in soil pb, Zn fractions that are generally regarded as more stable

Seasonal alteration of peroxidase in branch and leaves of Eucalyptus viminalis Labill.

The morphology of deciduous plants changes seasonally. In addition, deciduous and ever-green plants encounter with internal changes as a consequence of seasons. Enzymes activities alter with changes of temperature, drought and salinity. Plants adapt to environmental changes with alteration of enzymes activities. In this study, the peroxidase activity was measured in leaves and shoots of Eucalyptus viminalis during a year. Peroxidase activity was measured by spectrophotometer (530 nm) by use of Worthington method. Data were analyzed to determine statistical relationship in peroxidase activity of individual trees and seasonal changes of enzyme activity by SPSS software. Results showed that peroxidase activity was different in individual trees. The difference of peroxidase activity in different individual trees was little in April, July and January but differences were higher in September and November. The peroxidase activity decreased in all individual trees from April to July. Peroxidase activity of leaves was higher than those of branches in all of studied months. There was negative correlation between some month of peroxidase activity (

ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES IN ARIZONA CYPRESS LOGS: A TOOL TO SELECT WOOD FOR SOUNDING BOARD

In this study, variation in acoustic properties of Arizona cypress wood was monitored from pith to bark as affected by tapering of the growth ring width. Specific modulus of elasticity, acoustic coefficient, damping, and acoustic conversion efficiency were calculated. It was shown that the outer parts of the stem, close to the bark containing narrower growth rings, exhibited lower damping due to internal friction and higher sound radiation. Our finding theoretically justified the luthier craftsmen’s traditional preference toward timbers with narrow growth rings to make sounding boards in musical instruments