681 research outputs found
Gold Standard Online Debates Summaries and First Experiments Towards Automatic Summarization of Online Debate Data
Usage of online textual media is steadily increasing. Daily, more and more
news stories, blog posts and scientific articles are added to the online
volumes. These are all freely accessible and have been employed extensively in
multiple research areas, e.g. automatic text summarization, information
retrieval, information extraction, etc. Meanwhile, online debate forums have
recently become popular, but have remained largely unexplored. For this reason,
there are no sufficient resources of annotated debate data available for
conducting research in this genre. In this paper, we collected and annotated
debate data for an automatic summarization task. Similar to extractive gold
standard summary generation our data contains sentences worthy to include into
a summary. Five human annotators performed this task. Inter-annotator
agreement, based on semantic similarity, is 36% for Cohen's kappa and 48% for
Krippendorff's alpha. Moreover, we also implement an extractive summarization
system for online debates and discuss prominent features for the task of
summarizing online debate data automatically.Comment: accepted and presented at the CICLING 2017 - 18th International
Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistic
Hydrothermal Alteration of the Ocean Crust and Patterns in Mineralization with Depth as Measured by Micro‐Imaging Infrared Spectroscopy
Contrast-enhanced CMR in patients after percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage: A pilot study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To evaluate the feasibility and value of first-pass contrast-enhanced dynamic and post-contrast 3D CMR in patients after transcatheter occlusion of left atrial appendage (LAA) to identify incorrect placement and persistent leaks.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>7 patients with different occluder systems (n = 4 PLAATO; n = 2 Watchman; n = 1 ACP) underwent 2 contrast-enhanced (Gd-DOTA) CMR sequences (2D TrueFISP first-pass perfusion and 3D-TurboFLASH) to assess localization, artifact size and potential leaks of the devices. Perfusion CMR was analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively to identify potential leaks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All occluders were positioned within the LAA. The ACP occluder presented the most extensive artifact size. Visual assessment revealed a residual perfusion of the LAA apex in 4 cases using first-pass perfusion and 3D-TurboFLASH indicating a suboptimal LAA occlusion.</p> <p>By assessing signal-to-time-curves the cases with a visually detected leak showed a 9-fold higher signal-peak in the LAA apex (567 ± 120% increase from baseline signal) than those without a leak (61 ± 22%; p < 0.03). In contrast, the signal increase in LAA proximal to the occluder showed no difference (leak 481 ± 201% vs. no leak 478 ± 125%; p = 0.48).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This CMR pilot study provides valuable non-invasive information in patients after transcatheter occlusion of the LAA to identify correct placement and potential leaks. We recommend incorporating CMR in future clinical studies to evaluate new device types.</p
Depression diagnoses following the identification of bipolar disorder: costly incongruent diagnoses
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous research has documented that the symptoms of bipolar disorder are often mistaken for unipolar depression prior to a patient's first bipolar diagnosis. The assumption has been that once a patient receives a bipolar diagnosis they will no longer be given a misdiagnosis of depression. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the rate of subsequent unipolar depression diagnosis in individuals with a history of bipolar disorder and 2) to assess the increased cost associated with this potential misdiagnosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study utilized a retrospective cohort design using administrative claims data from 2002 and 2003. Patient inclusion criteria for the study were 1) at least 2 bipolar diagnoses in 2002, 2) continuous enrollment during 2002 and 2003, 3) a pharmacy benefit, and 4) age 18 to 64. Patients with at least 2 unipolar depression diagnoses in 2003 were categorized as having an incongruent diagnosis of unipolar depression. We used propensity scoring to control for selection bias. Utilization was evaluated using negative binomial models. We evaluated cost differences between patient cohorts using generalized linear models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 7981 patients who met all inclusion criteria for the analysis, 17.5% (1400) had an incongruent depression diagnosis (IDD). After controlling for background differences, individuals who received an IDD had higher rates of inpatient and outpatient psychiatric utilization and cost, on average, an additional $1641 per year compared to individuals without an IDD.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A strikingly high proportion of bipolar patients are given the differential diagnosis of unipolar depression <it>after </it>being identified as having bipolar disorder. Individuals with an IDD had increased acute psychiatric care services, suggesting higher levels of relapses, and were at risk for inappropriate treatment, as antidepressant therapy without a concomitant mood-stabilizing medication is contraindicated in bipolar disorder. Further prospective research is needed to validate the findings from this retrospective administrative claims-based analysis.</p
Preventive drugs in the last year of life of older adults with cancer: Is there room for deprescribing?
BACKGROUND: The continuation of preventive drugs among older patients with advanced cancer has come under scrutiny because these drugs are unlikely to achieve their clinical benefit during the patients' remaining lifespan. METHODS: A nationwide cohort study of older adults (those aged ≥65 years) with solid tumors who died between 2007 and 2013 was performed in Sweden, using routinely collected data with record linkage. The authors calculated the monthly use and cost of preventive drugs throughout the last year before the patients' death. RESULTS: Among 151,201 older persons who died with cancer (mean age, 81.3 years [standard deviation, 8.1 years]), the average number of drugs increased from 6.9 to 10.1 over the course of the last year before death. Preventive drugs frequently were continued until the final month of life, including antihypertensives, platelet aggregation inhibitors, anticoagulants, statins, and oral antidiabetics. Median drug costs amounted to 700-213 (IQR, 490) for preventive therapies. Compared with older adults who died with lung cancer (median drug cost, 61-13; 95% confidence interval, 22) or gynecological cancers (adjusted median difference, 18-$36). There was no decrease noted with regard to the cost of preventive drugs throughout the last year of life. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive drugs commonly are prescribed during the last year of life among older adults with cancer, and often are continued until the final weeks before death. Adequate deprescribing strategies are warranted to reduce the burden of drugs with limited clinical benefit near the end of life
Testing the role of predicted gene knockouts in human anthropometric trait variation
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
S.L. is funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Banting doctoral scholarship. G.L. is funded by Genome Canada
and Génome Québec; the Canada Research Chairs program; and
the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation. C.M.L. is supported by
Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 086596/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/08/A);
and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. N.S. is funded by National Institutes
of Health (grant numbers HL088456, HL111089, HL116747).
The Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank Program is supported by the Andrea
and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies. GO ESP is supported
by NHLBI (RC2 HL-103010 to HeartGO, RC2 HL-102923 to LungGO,
RC2 HL-102924 to WHISP). The ESP exome sequencing was
performed through NHLBI (RC2 HL-102925 to BroadGO, RC2 HL-
102926 to SeattleGO). EGCUT work was supported through the
Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu by the Targeted
Financing from the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education
(grant number SF0180142s08); the Development Fund of the University
of Tartu (grant number SP1GVARENG); the European Regional
Development Fund to the Centre of Excellence in
Genomics (EXCEGEN) [grant number 3.2.0304.11-0312]; and
through FP7 (grant number 313010). EGCUT were further supported
by the US National Institute of Health (grant number
R01DK075787). A.K.M. was supported by an American Diabetes
Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship (#7-12-MN-
02). The BioVU dataset used in the analyses described were obtained
from Vanderbilt University Medical Centers BioVU which
is supported by institutional funding and by the Vanderbilt CTSA
grant ULTR000445 from NCATS/NIH. Genome-wide genotyping
was funded by NIH grants RC2GM092618 from NIGMS/OD and
U01HG004603 from NHGRI/NIGMS. Funding to pay the Open Access
publication charges for this article was provided by a block
grant from Research Councils UK to the University of Cambridge
Testing the role of predicted gene knockouts in human anthropometric trait variation
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
S.L. is funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Banting doctoral scholarship. G.L. is funded by Genome Canada
and Génome Québec; the Canada Research Chairs program; and
the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation. C.M.L. is supported by
Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 086596/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/08/A);
and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. N.S. is funded by National Institutes
of Health (grant numbers HL088456, HL111089, HL116747).
The Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank Program is supported by the Andrea
and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies. GO ESP is supported
by NHLBI (RC2 HL-103010 to HeartGO, RC2 HL-102923 to LungGO,
RC2 HL-102924 to WHISP). The ESP exome sequencing was
performed through NHLBI (RC2 HL-102925 to BroadGO, RC2 HL-
102926 to SeattleGO). EGCUT work was supported through the
Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu by the Targeted
Financing from the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education
(grant number SF0180142s08); the Development Fund of the University
of Tartu (grant number SP1GVARENG); the European Regional
Development Fund to the Centre of Excellence in
Genomics (EXCEGEN) [grant number 3.2.0304.11-0312]; and
through FP7 (grant number 313010). EGCUT were further supported
by the US National Institute of Health (grant number
R01DK075787). A.K.M. was supported by an American Diabetes
Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship (#7-12-MN-
02). The BioVU dataset used in the analyses described were obtained
from Vanderbilt University Medical Centers BioVU which
is supported by institutional funding and by the Vanderbilt CTSA
grant ULTR000445 from NCATS/NIH. Genome-wide genotyping
was funded by NIH grants RC2GM092618 from NIGMS/OD and
U01HG004603 from NHGRI/NIGMS. Funding to pay the Open Access
publication charges for this article was provided by a block
grant from Research Councils UK to the University of Cambridge
Testing the role of predicted gene knockouts in human anthropometric trait variation
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
S.L. is funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Banting doctoral scholarship. G.L. is funded by Genome Canada
and Génome Québec; the Canada Research Chairs program; and
the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation. C.M.L. is supported by
Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 086596/Z/08/Z, 086596/Z/08/A);
and the Li Ka Shing Foundation. N.S. is funded by National Institutes
of Health (grant numbers HL088456, HL111089, HL116747).
The Mount Sinai BioMe Biobank Program is supported by the Andrea
and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies. GO ESP is supported
by NHLBI (RC2 HL-103010 to HeartGO, RC2 HL-102923 to LungGO,
RC2 HL-102924 to WHISP). The ESP exome sequencing was
performed through NHLBI (RC2 HL-102925 to BroadGO, RC2 HL-
102926 to SeattleGO). EGCUT work was supported through the
Estonian Genome Center of University of Tartu by the Targeted
Financing from the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education
(grant number SF0180142s08); the Development Fund of the University
of Tartu (grant number SP1GVARENG); the European Regional
Development Fund to the Centre of Excellence in
Genomics (EXCEGEN) [grant number 3.2.0304.11-0312]; and
through FP7 (grant number 313010). EGCUT were further supported
by the US National Institute of Health (grant number
R01DK075787). A.K.M. was supported by an American Diabetes
Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship (#7-12-MN-
02). The BioVU dataset used in the analyses described were obtained
from Vanderbilt University Medical Centers BioVU which
is supported by institutional funding and by the Vanderbilt CTSA
grant ULTR000445 from NCATS/NIH. Genome-wide genotyping
was funded by NIH grants RC2GM092618 from NIGMS/OD and
U01HG004603 from NHGRI/NIGMS. Funding to pay the Open Access
publication charges for this article was provided by a block
grant from Research Councils UK to the University of Cambridge
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between cognitive reserve and executive function
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed to account for observed discrepancies between pathology and its clinical manifestation due to underlying differences in brain structure and function. In 433 healthy older adults participating in the Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project, we investigated whether common polymorphic variations in apolipoprotein E (APOE) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influenced the association between CR contributors and cognitive function in older adults. We show that BDNF Val66Met moderates the association between CR and executive function. CR accounted for 8.5% of the variance in executive function in BDNF Val homozygotes, but CR was a nonsignificant predictor in BDNF Met carriers. APOE polymorphisms were not linked to the influence of CR on cognitive function. This result implicates BDNF in having an important role in capacity for building or accessing CR
Dynamic Switch of Negative Feedback Regulation in Drosophila Akt–TOR Signaling
Akt represents a nodal point between the Insulin receptor and TOR signaling, and its activation by phosphorylation controls cell proliferation, cell size, and metabolism. The activity of Akt must be carefully balanced, as increased Akt signaling is frequently associated with cancer and as insufficient Akt signaling is linked to metabolic disease and diabetes mellitus. Using a genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila cells in culture, and in vivo analyses in the third instar wing imaginal disc, we studied the regulatory circuitries that define dAkt activation. We provide evidence that negative feedback regulation of dAkt occurs during normal Drosophila development in vivo. Whereas in cell culture dAkt is regulated by S6 Kinase (S6K)–dependent negative feedback, this feedback inhibition only plays a minor role in vivo. In contrast, dAkt activation under wild-type conditions is defined by feedback inhibition that depends on TOR Complex 1 (TORC1), but is S6K–independent. This feedback inhibition is switched from TORC1 to S6K only in the context of enhanced TORC1 activity, as triggered by mutations in tsc2. These results illustrate how the Akt–TOR pathway dynamically adapts the routing of negative feedback in response to the activity load of its signaling circuit in vivo
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