Multivariate analysis on blackgram genotypes for bruchine (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) resistance towards selection of parental lines

Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) is one of the most important pulse crops in daily diets. However, black gram production and post-harvest preservation are still tedious due to the losses caused by the storage pest bruchine, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), both quantitatively and qualitatively.   Hence, the present study involves the utilization of the multivariate analysis by effectively understanding variation among the genotypes based on their level of bruchine infestation. The multivariate studies indicated that the traits viz., the total number of adult emergence (AE), seed damage % (SD) and seed weight loss % (SWL) had more variation and with more significant correlation among them.  Also, these traits are the most influential principal component traits governing 88% of the variation among genotypes. The divergence analysis showed that the genotype TU 68 found in cluster II would have the potential to create the variation for bruchine infestation among the black gram genotypes involved in the study.  As it has scored lesser adult emergence (AE) (7 adults), seed damage % (SD) (14 %) and seed weight loss % (SWL) (17.79 %)  than the other genotypes. It shows the resistant nature of the genotype against bruchine beetles. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the future hybridization programme as a donor for bruchine resistance

Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

In groundnut, genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis was carried out for nine quantitative characters in four F3 population viz., CO 7 × VRI Gn 6, TMV 2 × VRI Gn 6, TMV Gn 13 × VRI Gn 6 and VRI 2 × VRI Gn 6. Considering the mean performance, the cross derivative TMV Gn 13 × VRI Gn 6 registered superiority for the characters viz., 100-pod weight (g), 100-kernel weight (g) and sound mature kernel (%). High percentage of PCV, GCV, heritability coupled with high GAM values were recorded by number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant (g), kernel yield per plant (g), late leaf spot score and rust score in varied crosses. Regarding the population distribution, significant and negative skewness were observed in all the four crosses for shelling (%) and sound mature kernel (%). Hence, based on mean performance and various genetic parameters, the cross CO 7 × VRI Gn 6 is considered as superior for late leaf spot and rust resistance in groundnut. Correlation analysis revealed that the traits number of pods per plant, 100-pod weight (g), 100-kernel weight (g), shelling (%) and pod yield per plant (g) were positively associated with kernel yield per plant (g). Inter-correlation among these traits also recorded significantly positive association in most of the crosses studied. So, these characters may be considered as the important yield attributing characters and due importance should be given while breeding for high pod and kernel yield per plant (g) in groundnut. Moreover in path analysis, the trait pod yield per plant (g) exhibited high positive direct effect on kernel yield per plant (g). It also possessed significant and positive association with kernel yield per plant (g). The pod yield per plant (g) plays a major role in determining the kernel yield per plant (g). The traits viz., number of pods per plant, 100-pod weight (g), 100-kernel weight (g) and shelling (%) recorded moderate to high indirect effect through pod yield per plant (g) on kernel yield per plant (g). Hence due emphasis should be placed on these traits for yield improvement in groundnut

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield and fibre traits in Gossypium arboreum using Griffings numerical and Haymans graphical approach

Abstract Background For the purpose of utilising hybrid vigour to produce possible hybrids with a suitable level of stability, the knowledge of gene activity and combining ability is a crucial prerequisite before choosing desirable parents. The present study was carried out with six parents crossed in full diallel fashion and generated 30 F1 hybrids. These hybrids were evaluated in two replications in Randomized Block Design at Department of Cotton, TNAU for combining ability and gene action. Diallel analysis was carried out according to Griffing’s method-I (parents + F1 + reciprocals) and model-I and Hayman’s graphical approach by using INDOSTAT software. Results Analysis of variance for combining ability indicated that mean square values of GCA, SCA and reciprocals were highly significant for all the traits except for the uniformity index. RG763 and K12 showed highly positively significant GCA effects for most of the yield traits while PA838 and K12 for fibre quality traits, so they were found as best general combiners. PAIG379 × K12 and PDB29 × K12 for yield traits, and PDB29 × PA838, RG763 × PA838, and CNA1007 × RG763 cross combinations for fibre quality traits could be recommended for future breeding programms. Conclusion The results of both Griffing’s and Hayman’s approaches showed that non-additive gene action predominates as SCA variance was bigger than GCA variance, so heterosis breeding is thought to be a more fruitful option for enhancing GCA of many traits

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Not AvailableRust and late leaf spot (LLS) resistance sources involving Arachis batizocoi, A. duranensis, A. cardenasii and A. sps Manfredi‐5 were identified from field evaluation of interspecific derivatives (IDs) of groundnut in a disease nursery for two seasons. Although the sources displayed low levels of resistance compared to currently cultivated lines, they contribute allele diversity in groundnut breeding that has so far relied on alleles contributed from A. cardenasii for disease resistance. Multiple disease‐resistant and agronomically superior IDs, ICGVs 11379, 10121, 10179, 05097, 02411 and 00248 involving A. batizocoi, A. duranensis and A. cardenasii can be used in breeding for groundnut improvement. Genetic variability for resistance to rust and LLS, yield and nutritional quality traits was influenced by genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects in individual and pooled analyses. In case of FAD (fatty acid desaturase)‐mutant alleles that govern high oleic trait, allele mining of IDs (110) showed that frequency of mutation in ahFAD2B is rare, whereas of ahFAD2A is common. High oleic lines were not detected among the IDs.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGroundnut is an important global food and oil crop that underpins agriculture-dependent livelihood strategies meeting food, nutrition, and income security. Aflatoxins, pose a major challenge to increased competitiveness of groundnut limiting access to lucrative markets and affecting populations that consume it. Other drivers of low competitiveness include allergens and limited shelf life occasioned by low oleic acid profile in the oil. Thus grain off-takers such as consumers, domestic, and export markets as well as processors need solutions to increase profitability of the grain. There are some technological solutions to these challenges and this review paper highlights advances in crop improvement to enhance groundnut grain quality and nutrient profile for food, nutrition, and economic benefits. Significant advances have been made in setting the stage for marker-assisted allele pyramiding for different aflatoxin resistance mechanisms—in vitro seed colonization, pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, and aflatoxin production—which, together with pre- and post-harvest management practices, will go a long way in mitigating the aflatoxin menace. A breakthrough in aflatoxin control is in sight with overexpression of antifungal plant defensins, and through host-induced gene silencing in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, genomic and biochemical approaches to allergen control are in good progress, with the identification of homologs of the allergen encoding genes and development of monoclonal antibody based ELISA protocol to screen for and quantify major allergens. Double mutation of the allotetraploid homeologous genes, FAD2A and FAD2B, has shown potential for achieving >75% oleic acid as demonstrated among introgression lines. Significant advances have been made in seed systems research to bridge the gap between trait discovery, deployment, and delivery through innovative partnerships and action learning.Not Availabl