Role of Social Capital in Crowd Funding Campaigns: Exploring Factors That Fuel Success in Crowd Funding Campaigns

Crowdfunding provides a convenient method with which to collect funding from an immense base of investors without geographic boundaries and intermediaries. In recent years, it has become entrenched as a surrogate funding source to traditional external finance for entrepreneurs. This paper offers an exploration of factors that propel crowdfunding ventures from a dataset of 182,216 projects and over $2 billion in funding from the two most common crowdfunding platforms based on rewards, namely, Kickstarter and Indiegogo. While previous studies have identified certain elements that lead to success in crowdfunding campaigns, this study delves into the pivotal success factors influencing funding success based on social capital theory. This study asserts that the strength of the promoter’s social network ties increases funder commitment to a crowdfunding campaign and funder trust, both of which lead to a successful campaign. We further predict funder’s perceived risk to be a critical factor in a campaign’s success. We explore prior studies in the literature with a common framework into various financing options and evaluate the crowdfunding paradox from funders, promoters, and online platform dimensions. This study also examines the potential significance of social capital, promoter commitment, and funder risk to crowdfunding campaign success, representing an addition to the literature. This empirical investigation is a quantitative study of crowdfunding campaign characteristics associated with influencing funders to make decisions to invest that uses the social capital theory as a conceptual framework. This model adds practical findings concerning crowdfunding campaigns. It also presents a reliable model for businesses to determine further how to tap into potential elements that can augment the success of crowdfunding campaigns in raising funds

ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER (STROKE)

Objectives: To assess the nature and incidence of Drug Related Problems and to improve patient’s adherence towards medication. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients with age group between 18 – 90 years. Patient demographic and other data’s were collected using data collection form and moriskey medication adherence scale 8 (MMAS 8) was used to measure patient medication adherence. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and statistical significance for our study was analyzed by chi-square test. Key findings: In our study population (n=100) 75% were ischemic stroke and 25% were hemorrhagic stroke in that 76% were males and 24% were females. From the eight classes of DRPs a total of 146 DRPs were identified in 84 patients. Among this mostly observed drug related problem was drug interactions (44.5%) followed by drug use without indication (43.15%), improper drug selection (3.42%), untreated indication (3.42%), adverse drug reactions (2.73%), medication error (2.05%) and over dosage (0.68%). The finding shows most of the patients had medium medication adherence (76%) followed by poor adherence (15%) and high adherence (9%). A statistically significant relationship was found between DRP and type of stroke (p = 0.016) and medication adherence with type of stroke (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists can contribute improved patient outcomes by monitoring the drug therapy and can also promote rational use of drugs. The pharmacists could offer effective patient care by means of their intervention in pharmaceutical care and hence improved therapeutic outcome could be reached. Keywords: Clinical pharmacist; stroke; Moriskey medication adherence scale; drug related problem

Black Widow Optimization-Based Optimal PI-Controlled Wind Turbine Emulator

In this article, the parameters of the proportional-integral (PI) controller of the wind turbine (WT) emulator, i.e., proportional and integral gain of the PI controller, are optimized using a black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA). The proposed system is developed and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the BWOA optimized PI controller is compared with a BAT algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm optimized PI controller to measure the effectiveness of the proposed control system. The developed system is tested for different operating conditions such as static wind speed settings, static pitch angle conditions, step-change in wind speed settings, and step-change in pitch angle settings. Finally, the proposed system is realized in real-time by hardware experimentations. The results of the experimentation are compared with simulation results as well. The presented simulation and hardware result shows good agreement, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. Thereby, the proposed optimization-based PI-controlled wind emulator can be recommended for emulating the characteristics of any type of WT with a low-cost system

Realization of high performance PZN-PT single crystal based piezoelectric flexural mode hydrophone for underwater sensor applications

In this article, attempts are made to grow large size PZN-PT single crystals using high temperature solution growth method by implementing novel bottom cooling technique. The grown crystals are oriented and poled along 〈001〉 direction and obtained larger piezoelectric strain coefficient (d _33 > 2000 pm V ^−1 ) suitable for development of underwater acoustic sensor requirements. Flexural mode hydrophone is realized using the oriented PZN-PT single crystal discs. Finite element modeling is employed to examine the design of the flexural mode hydrophone and an equivalent circuit model is also applied to study its acoustic characteristic at two extreme boundary conditions like simply supported and clamped edge condition. The underwater acoustic response of the PZN-PT single crystal based flexural mode hydrophone is evaluated over the frequency range (100 Hz to 12 kHz) and its responses are compared with the FEM and equivalent circuit model results. The predicted results from FEM and equivalent circuit model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The receiving sensitivity of the PZN-PT single crystal-based hydrophone is 12 dB higher than the PZT 5A based hydrophone in the frequency range of 2 kHz to 6 kHz. The fabricated PZN-PT single crystal-based hydrophone offers better performance than the conventional piezo ceramic based flexural hydrophone