54 research outputs found
Hidden Drug Resistant HIV to Emerge in the Era of Universal Treatment Access in Southeast Asia
Background: Universal access to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection is becoming more of a reality in most low and middle income countries in Asia. However, second-line therapies are relatively scarce. Methods and Findings: We developed a mathematical model of an HIV epidemic in a Southeast Asian setting and used it to forecast the impact of treatment plans, without second-line options, on the potential degree of acquisition and transmission of drug resistant HIV strains. We show that after 10 years of universal treatment access, up to 20 % of treatment-naĂŻve individuals with HIV may have drug-resistant strains but it depends on the relative fitness of viral strains. Conclusions: If viral load testing of people on ART is carried out on a yearly basis and virological failure leads to effective second-line therapy, then transmitted drug resistance could be reduced by 80%. Greater efforts are required for minimizing first-line failure, to detect virological failure earlier, and to procure access to second-line therapies
Measurement properties of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory by cross-sectional and longitudinal designs
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Adaptação e validação de instrumentos psicológicos entre culturas: algumas considerações
A adaptação de instrumentos psicolĂłgicos Ă© um processo complexo que requer elevado rigor metodolĂłgico. Por nĂŁo haver consenso na literatura sobre suas etapas, o presente artigo discute alguns aspectos essenciais concernentes Ă adaptação transcultural de instrumentos psicolĂłgicos e propõe diretrizes aos pesquisadores sobre os diferentes passos desse processo. SĂŁo apresentadas, tambĂ©m, algumas considerações referentes Ă validação do instrumento adaptado. Nesta etapa, sĂŁo discutidos os aspectos referentes Ă estrutura fatorial do instrumento, a qual requer avaliação por meio de procedimentos estatĂsticos, como análises fatoriais exploratĂłrias e confirmatĂłrias, sendo fornecidas algumas diretrizes gerais para a validação de instrumentos psicolĂłgicos em diferentes culturas
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