European Union attempt of regional integration

The future for European Union and its citizens - what might happen? The quality of life for the Europeans is influenced by different areas. This paper concentrates on the possible human and political consequences of the enlargement. It deals with the future of the euro zone and its economic management, and it describes other policy issues and areas

European Union and Globalisation

Globalizace se odehrává v prostoru, ve kterém je nyní nové řízení moci a kde jsou nové struktury, které zaručují občanům jejích práva. Základní jev demokratické vlády není specificky evropský; je to všeobecný jev vztahující se ke globalizaci. Prohlubování ekonomické integrace omezilo jak obsahově tak formálně autonomii svrchovaných států v záležitostech ekonomické politiky. Nadstátní instituce, které nahrazují národní vlády, suverénním státům ve vzestupné míře odebírají základní nástroje ekonomické regulace v zájmu celého společenství. Globalizace se uskutečňuje v prostoru, ve kterém je nyní nová forma vlády a přicházejí nové struktury, které zajišťují občanská práva.Globalisation takes place in a space where there is now new control of power and there are new structures which guarantee the rights of citizens. The essential phenomenon of democratic governance is not specifically European; it is a general phenomenon relating to globalisation. Deepening economic integration has restricted, both substantively and formally, the autonomy of sovereign states in matters of economic policy. The supranational institutions which are replacing national governments increasingly take away the basis of economic regulation from sovereign states in name of interest of the Communities. Globalisation takes place in a space where there is now new control of power and there are new structures which guarantee the rights of citizens

Regionálně metodický pohled na současnou problematiku rozvoje společnosti

Since 1989 there has been in Czech Republic renaissance of theoretical and empirical work on the regional politics. Using new tools - in particular, methods of analysis as stated in the article below, has emerged as one of the most exicting areas of contemporary methodology of regional econoomics

The Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and concomitant tau pathology: A case report

•The Heidenhain form of CJD is a rare variant with predominantly visual symptoms.•Clinical findings correlate with involvement of posterior cortical regions.•MRI found typical cortical hyperintensities in the occipital regions.•Neuropathology revealed histopathological changes consistent with prion disease.•Hyperphosphorylated tau deposits were an additional and interesting finding in our case

Dignity and attitudes to aging: A cross-sectional study of older adults

Background: Dignity is a multidimensional construct that includes perception, knowledge, and emotions related to competence or respect. Attitudes to aging are a comprehensive personal view of the experience of aging over the course of life, which can be influenced by various factors, such as the levels of health and self-sufficiency and social, psychological, or demographic factors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes to aging of home-dwelling and inpatient older adults, and whether dignity and other selected factors belong among the predictors influencing attitudes to aging in these two different groups of older adults. Research design: Cross-sectional study using a set of questionnaires: Patient Dignity Inventory, Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire, and Barthel Index. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression were used for statistical processing. Participants and research context: 233 inpatients and 237 home-dwelling older adults participated in the research in two regions of the Czech Republic. Ethical considerations: Institutional Review Board approval was received from the authors’ university. Findings: The inpatients had more negative attitudes to aging (M = 74.9±10.9; P <0.0001). The predictors of their attitudes to aging were gender and dignity. Women ( β = −2.969, P = 0.045) and inpatients with poor dignity ratings ( β = −0.332, P <0.0001) had more negative attitudes to aging. The predictors for home-dwelling older adults were education, living arrangement, and dignity. More negative attitudes to aging were found in older adults with lower levels of education ( β = 2.716, P = 0.007) who lived alone ( β = 2.163, P = 0.046) and rated their dignity as low ( β = −0.325, P <0.0001). Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study add to the understanding that a sense of dignity is an important predictor of attitudes to aging for both home-dwelling older adults and inpatients

Properties of pain assessment tools for use in people living with stroke: systematic review

Replaced AM with VoR 2020-08-11.Background: Pain is a common problem after stroke and is associated with poor outcomes. There is no consensus on the optimal method of pain assessment in stroke. A review of the properties of tools should allow an evidence based approach to assessment. Objectives: We aimed to systematically review published data on pain assessment tools used in stroke, with particular focus on classical test properties of: validity, reliability, feasibility, responsiveness. Methods: We searched multiple, cross-disciplinary databases for studies evaluating properties of pain assessment tools used in stroke. We assessed risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. We used a modified harvest plot to visually represent psychometric properties across tests. Results: The search yielded 12 relevant articles, describing 10 different tools (n=1106 participants). There was substantial heterogeneity and an overall high risk of bias. The most commonly assessed property was validity (eight studies) and responsiveness the least (one study). There were no studies with a neuropathic or headache focus. Included tools were either scales or questionnaires. The most commonly assessed tool was the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) (6 studies). The limited number of papers precluded meaningful meta-analysis at level of pain assessment tool or pain syndrome. Even where common data were available across papers, results were conflicting e.g. two papers described FPS as feasible and two described the scale as having feasibility issues. Conclusion: Robust data on the properties of pain assessment tools for stroke are limited. Our review highlights specific areas where evidence is lacking and could guide further research to identify the best tool(s) for assessing post-stroke pain. Improving feasibility of assessment in stroke survivors should be a future research target.https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.0079211pubpu

Business risk analysis

Článek se věnuje řízení rizik v podnikání. Analyzuje, jak by mohly podniky kategorizovat rizika, identifikovat nepředvídatelná rizika a zahrnout je včas do svých strategií a do operativy. Typologizuje rizika na preventabilní a non-preventabilní. Věnuje se zvláště strategickému riziku, zabývá se identifikací, náklady na jeho eliminaci a zmírňováním strategických rizik. Navrhovaná typologizace umožní podniku zjistit, která rizika mohou být spravována prostřednictvím modelu založeného na pravidlech a která vyžadují alternativní přístupy. Je diskutován jak individuální, tak podnikový přístup, aby byl vytvořen prostor pro konstruktivní diskusi o řízení rizik souvisejících se strategickou volbou.The article deals with risk and business management. It analyzes how businesses can categorize risks, identify unforeseen risks and include them in time in their strategies and operational activities. It creates typology of risks as preventable and non-preventable. It deals particularly with strategic risk, with the identification, costs of elimination and mitigation of strategic risks. The proposed typology will enable the company to identify which risks can be managed using a model based rules, which require alternative approaches. We discuss both individual and corporate approach to create a space for constructive debate on the management of risks related to strategic choice

A Firm and Its Environment – Managerial and Regional Theories Matching

The aim of the article is to examine the nature and forms of different scientific approaches towards “firm” and its “environment” in order to match managerial and regional theories. The theoretical framework has been challenged by ideas derived from research studies of regional economists, as well as managerial and behavioral theorists. The article consists of two parts; the first builds the theoretical framework for matching managerial and regional sciences. By conceptualizing different theoretical approaches the critical approach has been generated. The mutual interaction between manager and environment is tested and modeled in the second half of this article. It creates framework through empirical research of firms in the regional environment. Qualitative study has generated hypotheses during the research. Firm´ environment has been divided into fragments (customers, suppliers, human resources, state and legislation and financial resources). By examining relationship between the firm and the environment article identifies possible underlying pro-growth sources, summarizes the analysis results and provides implications for the further research

A behavioral theory of the firm: specifics of czech etnrepreneurial behavior

The article attempts to present empirically relevant, process-oriented behavioral theory of the firm incorporating Czech specifi c characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. It conceptually reconciles the reality by looking at the original ideas of ‘A Behavioral Theory of the Firm’ by Cyert and March. Study critically examines available theoretical models of fi rm’s rational behavior investigated in heuristic theories. These models offer an interpretation of entrepreneurial behavior as a product of personal preferences and characteristics. A theoretical re-orientation towards recognition of entrepreneurial behavior is developed and illustrated. Contemporary research outcomes coincide that the emerging, probably eclectic, paradigm strongly emphasizes the role and quality of human capital including the entrepreneur´s skills. Study is based on in-depth qualitative empirical research and subsequently it derives from statistically established theoretical patterns. It explores and explains the way entrepreneurs make economic decisions, their actions and counteractions with business environment, while, at the same time, focusing on Czech specifi cs. Firms have proved exceptional fl exibility and have succeeded in counteracting and even manipulating the shortcomings and disadvantages of business environment. They have exploited chances and grasp opportunities in spite of additional expenditures that increased their costs. It has been proved that decisions are not made according to designed strategic plans aimed at the achievement of goals and permanent profi t increase. Research has discovered that behavioral patterns further offer an access to specialized inputs, discovered relations proved to provide the entrepreneur with access to knowledge and information, even though bounded rationality and imperfect knowledge often lead to satisfactory solution and are typical for Czech fi rms. To create a dynamic economy, which ensures that entrepreneurs can start and develop their businesses, public policy should understand entrepreneurship, support it, provide relevant public goods and motivate it properly

Behr, Martina and Sabine Seubert (eds.) (2017) Education is a Whole-Person Process. Von ganzheitlicher Lehre, Dolmetscherforschung und anderen Dingen

Book review: Behr, Martina and Sabine Seubert (eds.) (2017) Education is a Whole-Person Process. Von ganzheitlicher Lehre, Dolmetscherforschung und anderen Dingen. Reihe: Transkulturalität – Translation – Transfer. Berlin: Frank & Timm