« Toute la vie et le mouvement du monde » : le cinéma au musée dans les années 1920-1930

Fondé en 1917, l’Imperial War Museum de Londres a accueilli dans ses collections des films de guerre tournés pendant le premier conflit mondial, conservés en tant que documents historiques. Pour les montrer au public, le conservateur du musée a installé des Mutoscopes dans les salles. L’étude de cette forme de présentation, inhabituelle dans un contexte muséal jusqu’aux années 1970, permet d’élargir notre connaissance des formes de circulation des films dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle. L’article en analyse les modalités de fonctionnement et le rôle muséologique, ainsi que les problèmes de gestion. Enfin, il élargit brièvement le champ au débat des années 1920-1930 à l’utilisation du cinéma dans les musées, en particulier dans le contexte britannique.Founded in 1917, the Imperial War Museum in London collected a number of war films shot during the World War I, preserved as historical documents. In order to show them to the public, the curator installed in the museum’s rooms some Mutoscope machines. An analysis of these devices, unusual in museums at least until the 1970s, will allow us to expand our knowledge about the forms of film presentation in the early decades of the 20th Century. We will analyze the Mutoscope machines’ way of working, as well as the problems they presented to museum professionals. Finally, we will briefly examine the debate of the 1920-1930s about the use of cinema in museums, especially in the English context

« Toute la vie et le mouvement du monde » : le cinéma au musée dans les années 1920-1930

Fondé en 1917, l’Imperial War Museum de Londres a accueilli dans ses collections des films de guerre tournés pendant le premier conflit mondial, conservés en tant que documents historiques. Pour les montrer au public, le conservateur du musée a installé des Mutoscopes dans les salles. L’étude de cette forme de présentation, inhabituelle dans un contexte muséal jusqu’aux années 1970, permet d’élargir notre connaissance des formes de circulation des films dans les premières décennies du XXe siècle. L’article en analyse les modalités de fonctionnement et le rôle muséologique, ainsi que les problèmes de gestion. Enfin, il élargit brièvement le champ au débat des années 1920-1930 à l’utilisation du cinéma dans les musées, en particulier dans le contexte britannique.Founded in 1917, the Imperial War Museum in London collected a number of war films shot during the World War I, preserved as historical documents. In order to show them to the public, the curator installed in the museum’s rooms some Mutoscope machines. An analysis of these devices, unusual in museums at least until the 1970s, will allow us to expand our knowledge about the forms of film presentation in the early decades of the 20th Century. We will analyze the Mutoscope machines’ way of working, as well as the problems they presented to museum professionals. Finally, we will briefly examine the debate of the 1920-1930s about the use of cinema in museums, especially in the English context

Il film come esposizione. La dimensione museale di I colori della passione e Shirley – Visions of Reality

The essay analyses the films The Mill and the Cross (Lech Majewski, 2011) and Shirley - Visions of Reality (Gustav Deutsch, 2013). Both are inspired by famous paintings: Bruegel the Elder’s Procession to Calvary the first, thirteen Edward Hopper’s works the second. The essay proposes to investigate the films beyond the simple relationship between cinema and painting, considering them as part of a web of intermedial relations, which includes also two related video installations: Bruegel Suite (2011) and Visions of Reality (2013). In particular, the article identifies the penetration of an “exhibition form” into the structure of the films themselves. They are characterized by a “museal dimension”, not only because they draw their own materials (the paintings) from the museum, but also because they consider the paintings as devices that involve a certain materiality, as well as a precise relationship with the spectator. This “museal dimension” is obtained through the use of the figure of the tableau vivant, a particular dialectic between on-screen and off-screen, and the stratification of the images on multiple levels

Tumor Infiltrating Neutrophils Are Enriched in Basal-Type Urothelial Bladder Cancer

15noBackground: Urothelial bladder cancers (UBCs) are distinct in two main molecular subtypes, namely basal and luminal type. Subtypes are also diverse in term of immune contexture, providing a rationale for patient selection to immunotherapy. Methods: By digital microscopy analysis of a muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) cohort, we explored the density and clinical significance of CD66b(+) tumor-associated-neutrophils (TAN) and CD3(+) T cells. Bioinformatics analysis of UBC datasets and gene expression analysis of UBC cell lines were additionally performed. Results: Basal type BC contained a significantly higher density of CD66b(+) TAN compared to the luminal type. This finding was validated on TCGA, GSE32894 and GSE124305 datasets by computing a neutrophil signature. Of note, basal-type MIBC display a significantly higher level of chemokines (CKs) attracting neutrophils. Moreover, pro-inflammatory stimuli significantly up-regulate CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8 in 5637 and RT4 UBC cell lines and induce neutrophil chemotaxis. In term of survival, a high density of T cells and TAN was significantly associated to a better outcome, with TAN density showing a more limited statistical power and following a non-linear predicting model. Conclusions: TAN are recruited in basal type MIBC by pro-inflammatory CKs. This finding establishes a groundwork for a better understanding of the UBC immunity and its relevance.openopenMandelli, Giulio Eugenio; Missale, Francesco; Bresciani, Debora; Gatta, Luisa Benerini; Scapini, Patrizia; Caveggion, Elena; Roca, Elisa; Bugatti, Mattia; Monti, Matilde; Cristinelli, Luca; Belotti, Sandra; Simeone, Claudio; Calza, Stefano; Melocchi, Laura; Vermi, WilliamMandelli, Giulio Eugenio; Missale, Francesco; Bresciani, Debora; Gatta, Luisa Benerini; Scapini, Patrizia; Caveggion, Elena; Roca, Elisa; Bugatti, Mattia; Monti, Matilde; Cristinelli, Luca; Belotti, Sandra; Simeone, Claudio; Calza, Stefano; Melocchi, Laura; Vermi, Willia

"Aging", sessualità e cinema nella cultura italiana del secondo dopoguerra

Special issue on "aging" and sexuality in the Italian culture

Antidiabetic Drug Prescription Pattern in Hospitalized Older Patients with Diabetes

Objective: To describe the prescription pattern of antidiabetic and cardiovascular drugs in a cohort of hospitalized older patients with diabetes. Methods: Patients with diabetes aged 65 years or older hospitalized in internal medicine and/or geriatric wards throughout Italy and enrolled in the REPOSI (REgistro POliterapuie SIMI—Società Italiana di Medicina Interna) registry from 2010 to 2019 and discharged alive were included. Results: Among 1703 patients with diabetes, 1433 (84.2%) were on treatment with at least one antidiabetic drug at hospital admission, mainly prescribed as monotherapy with insulin (28.3%) or metformin (19.2%). The proportion of treated patients decreased at discharge (N = 1309, 76.9%), with a significant reduction over time. Among those prescribed, the proportion of those with insulin alone increased over time (p = 0.0066), while the proportion of those prescribed sulfonylureas decreased (p < 0.0001). Among patients receiving antidiabetic therapy at discharge, 1063 (81.2%) were also prescribed cardiovascular drugs, mainly with an antihypertensive drug alone or in combination (N = 777, 73.1%). Conclusion: The management of older patients with diabetes in a hospital setting is often sub-optimal, as shown by the increasing trend in insulin at discharge, even if an overall improvement has been highlighted by the prevalent decrease in sulfonylureas prescription

The role of immune suppression in COVID-19 hospitalization: clinical and epidemiological trends over three years of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

Specific immune suppression types have been associated with a greater risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death. We analyzed data from patients >17 years that were hospitalized for COVID-19 at the “Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico” in Milan (Lombardy, Northern Italy). The study included 1727 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (1,131 males, median age of 65 years) hospitalized between February 2020 and November 2022. Of these, 321 (18.6%, CI: 16.8–20.4%) had at least one condition defining immune suppression. Immune suppressed subjects were more likely to have other co-morbidities (80.4% vs. 69.8%, p < 0.001) and be vaccinated (37% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001). We evaluated the contribution of immune suppression to hospitalization during the various stages of the epidemic and investigated whether immune suppression contributed to severe outcomes and death, also considering the vaccination status of the patients. The proportion of immune suppressed patients among all hospitalizations (initially stable at <20%) started to increase around December 2021, and remained high (30–50%). This change coincided with an increase in the proportions of older patients and patients with co-morbidities and with a decrease in the proportion of patients with severe outcomes. Vaccinated patients showed a lower proportion of severe outcomes; among non-vaccinated patients, severe outcomes were more common in immune suppressed individuals. Immune suppression was a significant predictor of severe outcomes, after adjusting for age, sex, co-morbidities, period of hospitalization, and vaccination status (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.23–2.19), while vaccination was a protective factor (OR: 0.31; 95% IC: 0.20–0.47). However, after November 2021, differences in disease outcomes between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups (for both immune suppressed and immune competent subjects) disappeared. Since December 2021, the spread of the less virulent Omicron variant and an overall higher level of induced and/or natural immunity likely contributed to the observed shift in hospitalized patient characteristics. Nonetheless, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, likely in combination with naturally acquired immunity, effectively reduced severe outcomes in both immune competent (73.9% vs. 48.2%, p < 0.001) and immune suppressed (66.4% vs. 35.2%, p < 0.001) patients, confirming previous observations about the value of the vaccine in preventing serious disease

MRI data-driven algorithm for the diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia

Introduction: Structural brain imaging is paramount for the diagnosis of behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but it has low sensitivity leading to erroneous or late diagnosis. Methods: A total of 515 subjects from two different bvFTD cohorts (training and independent validation cohorts) were used to perform voxel-wise morphometric analysis to identify regions with significant differences between bvFTD and controls. A random forest classifier was used to individually predict bvFTD from deformation-based morphometry differences in isolation and together with semantic fluency. Tenfold cross validation was used to assess the performance of the classifier within the training cohort. A second held-out cohort of genetically confirmed bvFTD cases was used for additional validation. Results: Average 10-fold cross-validation accuracy was 89% (82% sensitivity, 93% specificity) using only MRI and 94% (89% sensitivity, 98% specificity) with the addition of semantic fluency. In the separate validation cohort of definite bvFTD, accuracy was 88% (81% sensitivity, 92% specificity) with MRI and 91% (79% sensitivity, 96% specificity) with added semantic fluency scores. Conclusion: Our results show that structural MRI and semantic fluency can accurately predict bvFTD at the individual subject level within a completely independent validation cohort coming from a different and independent database