Certificate Generation System

The certificate generation system is flexible for generating the mark - sheets of the students. This system is mainly based in th e database technology and the credit based grading system (CBGS). The system is targeted to various enterprises, schools, colle ges and universities. The development of system focuses at describing the tables with columns/rows & sub - columns, sub - rows, rules of data selection for calculating credits and grades of the students & summarizing exam data, particular table, column/row and formatting the data in destination document. Certificate generation system can be used in universities to automate the distribution of digitally verifiable mark - sheets of students. The system accesses the students exam information from the university database and generates the gadget - sheet and mark - sheets of all the students in a portable document format which provides authenticity of the document and can be verified easily

Self assembly and shear induced morphologies of asymmetric block copolymers with spherical domains

Microphase separated block copolymers have been subject of investigation for past two decades. While most of the work is focused on classical phases of lamellae or cylinders, spherical phases have received less attention. The present study deals with the self-assembly in spherical phases of block copolymers that results into formation of a three-dimensional cubic lattice. A model triblock copolymer with several transition temperatures is chosen. Solidification in this model system results from either the arrangement of nanospheres of minor block on a BCC lattice or by formation of physical network where the nanospheres act as crosslinks. The solid-like behavior is characterized by extremely slow relaxation modes. Long time stress relaxation of the model material was examined to distinguish between the solid and liquid behavior. Stress relaxation data from a conventional rheometer was extended to very long times by using a newly built instrument, Relaxometer. The BCC lattice structure of the material behaves as liquid over long time except at low temperatures where an equilibrium modulus is observed. This long time behavior was extended to low shear rate behavior using steady shear rheology. The zero shear viscosity observed at extremely low shear rates has a very high value that is close to the viscosity calculated from stress relaxation experiments. The steady shear viscosity decreases by several orders of magnitude over a small range of shear rates. SAXS experiments on samples sheared even at very low rates indicated loss of the BCC order that was present in the annealed samples before shearing. In the second part, response of the BCC microstructure to large stress was explored. Shearing at constant rate and with LAOS at low frequencies lead to destruction of BCC lattice. The structure recovers upon cessation of the shear with kinetics similar to the one following thermal quench. Under certain conditions, LAOS leads to formation of monodomain textures. At low frequencies, there exists an upper and lower bound on strain amplitude where mono-domain textures can be obtained. Upon alignment, the modulus drops by about 30%. Measurement of rheological properties offers an indirect method to distinguish between polycrystalline structure and monodomain texture

Shear-induced long-range alignment of BCC-ordered block copolymers

Effect of large shear on an asymmetric block copolymer with nanospherical domains has been studied using rheology and small angle X-ray scattering. The material investigated was a triblock copolymer poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] swollen in a midblock-selective solvent. When cooled below the order–disorder transition temperature (T ODT), the system forms a locally ordered structure of grains with body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice. Isothermal shearing, either at constant rate or with large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) at low frequencies and strain amplitude greater than or equal to 2.0, leads to the destruction of the BCC lattice (isothermal “shear melting”). Upon cessation of the shear, the BCC structure recovers with kinetics similar to the one after thermal quench from above T ODT. Under certain experimental conditions, LAOS leads to alignment of the BCC lattice. The lattice orientation depends primarily on shearing frequency. At low frequencies, there exists an upper and lower bound on strain amplitude where monodomain textures can be obtained. Upon alignment, the modulus drops by about 30% of that of the polycrystalline structure. Measurement of rheological properties offers an indirect method for distinguishing between polycrystalline structure (grains) and monodomain texture

Ultraslow dynamics in asymmetric block copolymers with nanospherical domains

Low shear rate and low frequency measurements focused on the extremely slow dynamics of a three-dimensional body-centered cubic (BCC) structure of an asymmetric block copolymer under nanophase-separated conditions. The material studied was poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) swollen in a hydrocarbon oil selective for the midblock. Transient viscosities during start-up of shear flow at extremely low shear rates are governed by very long relaxation times and by a modulus that is nearly the same as the plateau modulus obtained from oscillatory shear experiments. Only at extremely low shear rates a zero shear viscosity could be attained. Its very high value is close to the viscosity calculated from stress relaxation experiments. The steady shear viscosity decreases by several orders of magnitude when increasing the shear rate. SAXS experiments on samples sheared even at very low rates indicated loss of the BCC order that was present in the annealed samples before shearing. The SAXS profile recorded on such a sample showed a first-order maximum followed by a broad shoulder indicating a liquid-like short-range order of PS nanospheres in the swollen EB matrix

STUDY OF TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (TC), TRIACYLGLYCEROLS (TG), HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL (HDL-C) IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.â€

Objective: There are probably 100 million people in the world with diabetes mellitus (DM), and incidences of diabetes are on the rise. Dyslipidemia is one of the common disorders which are seen in most of the diabetes patients, which causes cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in Type 2 DM, and healthy controls.Methods: The study was conducted on 50 controls and 50 Type 2 diabetic subjects between age group of 30 and 60 years. Serum TC was determined by an enzymatic (cholesterol oxidase/phenol-aminophenazone [PAP]) colorimetric method and TGs were determined by an enzymatic (glycerol phosphate oxidase-PAP) method, and HDL-C was estimated by a precipitant method. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t-test.Results: The mean value of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in normal subjects is 165.5±24.24, 118.7±41.58, 28.38±7.85 mg/dl, respectively, and the value of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in diabetic patients is 179±31.69, 164.35±27.93, 25.4±6.86 mg/dl, respectively. The observed difference in the means of TC, TGs, and HDL-C in normal and diabetic are statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: From the present study, it is concluded that TC, TGs, and HDL-C levels for all persons with Type 2 DM should be done as a routine test. Furthermore, early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Lipid profile, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

On-farm water management in saline groundwater area under scarce canal water supply condition in the Northwest India

The study investigates the possibility of enhancing crop water productivity in the parts of Northwest India where groundwater quality is marginal and canal water supply is severely scarce. Soil, Water, Atmosphere and Plant (SWAP) model was calibrated and validated in three farmers' fields with varying canal water availability and groundwater quality in the Kaithal Irrigation Circle of the Bhakra Canal system, Haryana. On the basis of predicted and observed soil water content, pressure heads, salt concentration at 2 week intervals and crop yields, the model was found suitable for use in the region. A few nomographs were prepared to provide a graphical method to predict the effect of different combinations of water quality and depth of water application on crop yield and soil salinity and to help develop some guidelines to the farming community. Water management alternatives at the field level were suggested to increase the yield and to maintain soil salinity below threshold level. The application of frequent irrigation in precisely leveled field would help in achieving 10% higher yield even when saline groundwater of 11 dS/m is used for irrigation.

Termite Resistance of MDF Panels Treated with Various Boron Compounds

In this study, the effects of various boron compounds on the termite resistance of MDF panels were evaluated. Either borax (BX), boric acid (BA), zinc borate (ZB), or sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) were added to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin at target contents of 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% based on dry fiber weight. The panels were then manufactured using 12% urea-formaldehyde resin and 1% NH4Cl. MDF samples from the panels were tested against the subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Laboratory termite resistance tests showed that all samples containing boron compounds had greater resistance against termite attack compared to untreated MDF samples. At the second and third weeks of exposure, nearly 100% termite mortalities were recorded in all boron compound treated samples. The highest termite mortalities were determined in the samples with either BA or BX. Also, it was found that SPT showed notable performance on the termite mortality. As chemical loadings increased, termite mortalities increased, and at the same time the weight losses of the samples decreased