Community land formalization and company land acquisition procedures: A review of 33 procedures in 15 countries

Indigenous and community lands, crucial for rural livelihoods, are typically held under informal customary tenure arrangements. This can leave the land vulnerable to outside commercial interests, so communities may seek to formalize their land rights in a government registry and obtain an official land document. But this process can be time-consuming and complex, and in contrast, companies can acquire land relatively quickly and find shortcuts around regulatory burdens. This article reviews and maps 19 community land formalization and 14 company land acquisition procedures is 15 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Comparing community and company procedures identifies multiple sources of inequity

When the elements run amok : displacement and resettlement of populations affected by cyclone Idai and floods in Búzi (Mozambique)

Cette thèse porte sur une des plus grandes catastrophes qu’ait connu le Mozambique : le cyclone Idai et les inondations qui l’ont suivi, en mars 2019. En recourant à une combinaison de différentes méthodes (entretiens, observations, analyse de documents et de rapports, cartographie, …), nous avons cherché à comprendre les représentations et les pratiques autour des déplacements de population, les logiques des politiques publiques de réinstallation hors de la plaine inondable et l'adéquation de cette politique avec les besoins des populations. La recherche menée à Búzi montre que la réinstallation des populations en zone non-inondable s'inscrit dans la continuité de la politique de modernisation autoritaire qu'a menée l'État Mozambicain pendant la période socialiste radicale (1975-1990). Derrière le discours de mise en sécurité des populations vivant dans des plaines inondables, cette politique a d’autres objectifs tels que s’assurer le contrôle d’un territoire, reconquérir l'électorat d’une zone d’opposition, renforcer l’emprise autoritaire de l’État sur la population ou encore tirer profit des ressources provenant de l’aide humanitaire. Face à ces politiques humanitaires mal pensées, il se joue des stratégies de pouvoir entre les différents acteurs pour tirer parti de l'afflux de l'aide et de la réorganisation des territoires. Le déplacement est source de changements sociaux, majoritairement défavorables à de nombreux ménages qui tiraient parti de la plaine inondable mais également favorables à des catégories de populations plus vulnérables (femmes et jeunes) qui s'autonomisent. Ce travail appelle à repenser les réponses aux catastrophes dites "naturelles", qui seront plus fréquentes, pour une meilleure prise en compte des pratiques, besoins et aspirations des habitants des territoires concernés.This thesis focuses on one of Mozambique's most devastating disasters: Cyclone Idai and the floods that followed in March 2019. Using a combination of different methods (interviews, observations, analysis of documents and reports, mapping, etc.), we sought to understand the representations and practices related to population displacements, the rationale behind public policies for resettlement outside the floodplain and how these policies addressed the needs of the population.The research carried out in Búzi shows that the resettlement of people in non-flood areas is part of the continuity of the authoritarian modernization policy pursued by the Mozambican state during the radical socialist period (1975-1990). Behind the rhetoric of providing security for people living on flood plains, this policy had other objectives, such as securing control over a territory, winning back the electorate in an opposition zone, strengthening the authoritarian hold of the state over the population and taking advantage of the resources provided by humanitarian aid.As a result of these misconceived humanitarian policies, power strategies are played out between the various stakeholders to take advantage of the influx of aid and the reorganization of the territories. Displacement is a source of social change, mostly unfavorable to many households that used to benefit from the floodplain, but also favorable to more vulnerable groups (women and young people) who are becoming more autonomous. This work calls for a reassessment of the responses to so-called 'natural' disasters, which will become more frequent, so that the practices, needs and aspirations of the people living in the concerned areas are better considered

Les catastrophes “naturelles” au Mozambique : perceptions et stratégies d’adaptation à Búzi

International audienceA partir d’une approche multiscalaire des enjeux fonciers, nous analysons les transformations socio-spatiales induites par les catastrophes ainsi que les stratégies d’adaptation des femmes à Búzi. Nous analysons comment l'adaptation aux effets des catastrophes se joue avec la renégociation du rôle des femmes dans la gestion des ressources au niveau des ménages et de la communauté. Les stratégies d'adaptation varient entre actions individuelles et de groupe, où l’agentivité des populations affectées se superpose, sur certains aspects, aux injonctions des pouvoirs locaux

Género e catástrofes “naturais”: percepções e estratégias de adaptação em Búzi e Nhamatanda

International audienc

DISCURSOS SOBRE O REGIME DE PROPRIEDADE DA TERRA EM MOÇAMBIQUE/ Discourses on land ownership in Mozambique/ Discours sur la propriété des terres au Mozambique

Os discursos e posicionamentos sobre o regime de propriedade da terra em Moçambique não são coincidentes. Este artigo apresenta as percepções que os diferentes stakeholders (Estado, Comunidades locais, sector privado, Investidores, Sociedade Civil, etc.) envolvidos na relação com a terra possuem em relação à questão fundiária no País, sobretudo no atual contexto marcado pelo grande fluxo de projetos de investimento, de investidores nacionais e estrangeiros, com interesses no agronegócio, na exploração mineira e exploração de hidrocarbonetos. </jats:p

DISCURSOS SOBRE O REGIME DE PROPRIEDADE DA TERRA EM MOÇAMBIQUE/ Discourses on land ownership in Mozambique/ Discours sur la propriété des terres au Mozambique

Os discursos e posicionamentos sobre o regime de propriedade da terra em Moçambique não são coincidentes. Este artigo apresenta as percepções que os diferentes stakeholders (Estado, Comunidades locais, sector privado, Investidores, Sociedade Civil, etc.) envolvidos na relação com a terra possuem em relação à questão fundiária no País, sobretudo no atual contexto marcado pelo grande fluxo de projetos de investimento, de investidores nacionais e estrangeiros, com interesses no agronegócio, na exploração mineira e exploração de hidrocarbonetos.

The New Harvest. Agrarian Policies and Rural Transformation in Southern Africa

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