Spain intra-industry trade in Latin America a bilateral analysis 2011 - 2021

26 p.The analysis and impact of international trade have been taking on great importance as a factor of macroeconomic prosperity; in the same way, the pattern of trade impacts the competitiveness of the country's industries. In this sense, the simultaneous exports and imports of the same sector that determine intra-industrial trade impact on the sectoral competitiveness trough the generation of international trade of industries and products belonging to the same statistical category; then not based on the comparative advantages of international trade; but on the competitive advantages derived from the differentiation of products and added value. Under this focus, the study of intra-industry trade between Spain and Latin America during the period 2011-2021 is the basic objective of this working paperEl análisis e impacto del comercio internacional ha ido tomando gran importancia como factor de prosperidad macroeconómica; de la misma manera que el patrón de comercio impacta la competitividad de las industrias de un país. En este sentido, las exportaciones e importaciones simultáneas de un mismo sector que determinan el comercio intraindustrial impactan en la competitividad sectorial al generar comercio internacional de sectores y productos pertenecientes a la misma categoría estadística; es decir, no basados en las ventajas comparativas del comercio internacional; sino en las ventajas competitivas derivadas de la diferenciación de productos y el valor añadido. Bajo este enfoque, el propósito básico de este documento de trabajo es el estudio del comercio intraindustrial entre España y Latinoamérica en el período 2011-2021

Effect of forcing vine regrowth on 'Tempranillo' (Vitis vinifera L.) berry development and quality in Extremadura

In warmer regions, fruit ripening in the wine grape tends to take place during the hottest part of the growing season. This can have negative consequences on the qualitative characteristics of the grape berries at harvest. Forcing vines to regrow can be an aggressive but effective technique to delay the harvest date, but needs to be evaluated carefully in each growing condition. In 2017, in an experimental vineyard in Extremadura, forcing was conducted 3 (F1 treatment) and 22 (F2 treatment) days after anthesis (May 18 and June 6) by hedging growing shoots to seven nodes and removing summer laterals, leaves and primary clusters. Vines grown using conventional practices were used for the Control treatment. Forcing delayed the harvest date from August 22 (Control) to September 14 (F1) and October 19 (F2). Shifting the berry growth period modified the duration of the different fruit development stages. Compared to the Control treatment, the F1 and F2 berries were smaller at harvest, but had similar skin weight percentages; however, the seed weight percentage of the F2 berries was higher. The differences in grape composition observed at harvest between the various treatments were further accentuated in the wines. At harvest, the F2 berries had significantly higher total polyphenol and anthocyanin content than the Control and F1 berries, which had similar values. In the wines, both F1 and F2 characteristics differed considerably from the Control, most notably in the high F2 tannin concentration. These preliminary results from the first year of study indicate the potential of this technique to obtain wine grapes with very different characteristics, offering new viticultural perspectives in warm climate areas

Effects of irrigation and shoot thinning on the size and phenolics content of developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo)

 Aim of study: The concentration of phenolics in the grape berries can be influenced by cultural practices such as irrigation or thinning. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combinations of these practices on grape size and phenolics content. Area of study: The trial was carried out in an experimental cv. Tempranillo vineyard located in Extremadura, Spain. Material and methods: Two irrigation regimes were considered: rainfed vines (non-irrigated, NIr), and 100% ETc irrigated vines (Ir). For each irrigation treatment, two cropping levels were studied: low shoot-thinning (LT) vs high shoot-thinning (HT) implemented in winter and spring, respectively. Berry weight, and total phenolics, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin concentrations were determined at eight stages of berry development in three consecutive years (2014, 2015, and 2016). Main results: Specific weather conditions of each year affected phenolics accumulation differently. In 2014, where maximum temperatures were low and an important rainfall occurred at Stage II, both the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. In 2015, where a little rainfall was registered at Stage II, the berries from the NIr-HT and Ir-HT treatments accumulated the greatest total phenolics and proanthocyanidin contents, but the NIr-LT and NIr-HT treatments led to the greatest accumulation of anthocyanins. Finally, in 2016, where high maximum temperatures and scarce rainfall were registered, the Ir-LT and Ir-HT treatments presented the greatest concentrations of total phenolics, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. Research highlights: A significant effect of irrigation and thinning was observed on berry size and phenolic content, as well as year × thinning interaction

White matter cortico-striatal tracts predict apathy subtypes in Huntington's disease

BACKGROUND: Apathy is the neuropsychiatric syndrome that correlates most highly with Huntington's disease progression, and, like early patterns of neurodegeneration, is associated with lesions to cortico-striatal connections. However, due to its multidimensional nature and elusive etiology, treatment options are limited. OBJECTIVES: To disentangle underlying white matter microstructural correlates across the apathy spectrum in Huntington's disease. METHODS: Forty-six Huntington's disease individuals (premanifest (N = 22) and manifest (N = 24)) and 35 healthy controls were scanned at 3-tesla and underwent apathy evaluation using the short-Problem Behavior Assessment and short-Lille Apathy Rating Scale, with the latter being characterized into three apathy domains, namely emotional, cognitive, and auto-activation deficit. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to study whether individual differences in specific cortico-striatal tracts predicted global apathy and its subdomains. RESULTS: We elucidate that apathy profiles may develop along differential timelines, with the auto-activation deficit domain manifesting prior to motor onset. Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging revealed that inter-individual variability in the disruption of discrete cortico-striatal tracts might explain the heterogeneous severity of apathy profiles. Specifically, higher levels of auto-activation deficit symptoms significantly correlated with increased mean diffusivity in the right uncinate fasciculus. Conversely, those with severe cognitive apathy demonstrated increased mean diffusivity in the right frontostriatal tract and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to caudate nucleus tract. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides evidence that white matter correlates associated with emotional, cognitive, and auto-activation subtypes may elucidate the heterogeneous nature of apathy in Huntington's disease, as such opening a door for individualized pharmacological management of apathy as a multidimensional syndrome in other neurodegenerative disorders

Discrimination of roast and ground coffee aroma

Background: Four analytical approaches were used to evaluate the aroma profile at key stages in roast and ground coffee brew preparation (concentration within the roast and ground coffee and respective coffee brew; concentration in the headspace of the roast and ground coffee and respective brew). Each method was evaluated by the analysis of 15 diverse key aroma compounds that were predefined by odour port analysis. Results: Different methods offered complimentary results for the discrimination of products; the concentration in the coffee brew was found to be the least discriminatory and concentration in the headspace above the roast and ground coffee was shown to be most discriminatory. Conclusions: All approaches should be taken into consideration when classifying roast and ground coffee especially for alignment to sensory perception and consumer insight data as all offer markedly different discrimination abilities due to the variation in volatility, hydrophobicity, air-water partition coefficient and other physicochemical parameters of the key aroma compounds present

El barranc de la Boella de la Canonja (Tarragonès) revisitat en la intervenció arqueològica preventiva de l'any 2007

El barranc de la Boella de la Canonja és un jaciment descobert en el primer terç del segle XX. Cinquanta anys després de la seva descoberta, la publicació d'aquest jaciment pels senyors R. Capdevila i S. Vilaseca va permetre actualitzar l'escàs coneixement de la bioestratigrafia del quaternari del Camp de Tarragona (Vilaseca, 1973). Tal com assenyala el mateix S. Vilaseca, la presència de fòssils de mamífers en el barranc va ser donada a conèixer per J. R. Bataller en la memòria explicativa del segon mapa geològic del full 473 de l'IGME corresponent a Tarragona (Bataller, 1935). El mateix S. Vilaseca apunta altres descobertes de mamífers ressenyades en el Camp de Tarragona, com la nota de Faura i Sans sobre un fragment de molar de proboscidi que Harlé determinaria com Elephas meridionalis el mateix any (Faura i Sans, 1920; Harlé, 1920). Aquesta resta va ser enviada per A. Romaní, aleshores director del Museu Balaguer de Vilanova i la Geltrú, a qui li van fer arribar des d'unes pedreres del Port de Tarragona. Els treballs geològics de M. Faura i Sans, J.R. Bataller i S. Vilaseca durant el primer quart del segle XX protagonitzaren el desenvolupament de la geologia, la paleontologia i la prehistòria en el marc del Servei del Mapa de la Mancomunitat de Catalunya

El sepulcro megalítico "Chaperas 2" (Casabermeja-Málaga)

It is purpose of the present essay to study the second of the sepulchres composing the Chaperas megalithic necrópolis by starting with a detailed reference to the physical features and overall economic potentialities of the area and by focusing later on the technical and formal features of the sepulchre, the raw material used in its construction, the pieces found there, its chronology and contextualization in the cultural framework of the area close to the necrópolis.En este trabajo se estudia el segundo de los sepulcros que integran la necrópolis megalítica de Chaperas y se inicia con una amplia referencia a las características físicas y potencialidades económicas en general del entorno, analizándose después los rasgos técnicos y formales del sepulcro, la materia prima empleada en su construcción, el ajuar conservado, su cronología y contextualización en el marco cultural contemporáneo del territorio próximo a la necrópolis

Acuerdo de cooperación internacional celebrado entre la Fundação Minerva - Cultura - Ensino e Investigação Científica / Universidades Lusíada y la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Data da assinatura: 10 de Abril de 2018- Intercâmbio de docentes, discentes e investigadores; - Realização de estudos e actividades de interesse mútuo; - Organização de eventos; - Permuta de publicações; - Desenvolvimento de projectos de investigação científica