c5++ - Multi-Technique Analysis Software for Next Generation Geodetic Instruments

Processing of space geodetic techniques should be carried out with consistent and utmost up-todate physical models. Therefore, c5++ is being developed, which will act as a framework under which dedicated space geodetic applications can be created. Due to its nature, combination of different techniques as well as automated processing of VLBI experiments will become possible with c5++

The First Experiment with VLBI-GPS Hybrid System

In this paper, we introduce our GPS-VLBI hybrid system and show the results of the first experiment which is now under way. In this hybrid system, GPS signals are captured by a normal GPS antenna, down-converted to IF signals, and then sampled by the VLBI sampler VSSP32 developed by NICT. The sampled GPS data are recorded and correlated in the same way as VLBI observation data. The correlator outputs are the group delay and the delay rate. Since the whole system uses the same frequency standard, many sources of systematic errors are common between the VLBI system and the GPS system. In this hybrid system, the GPS antenna can be regarded as an additional VLBI antenna having multiple beams towards GPS satellites. Therefore, we expect that this approach will provide enough data to improve zenith delay estimates and geodetic results

The secondary electron acceptor of photosystem I in Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 is menaquinone-4 that is synthesized by a unique but unknown pathway

The secondary electron acceptor of photosystem (PS) I in the cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 was identified as menaquinone-4 (MQ-4) by comparing high performance liquid chromatograms and absorption spectra with an authentic compound. The MQ-4 content was estimated to be two molecules per one molecule of chlorophyll (Chl) a′, a constituent of P700. Comparative genomic analyses showed that six of eight men genes, encoding phylloquinone/MQ biosynthetic enzymes, are missing from the G. violaceus genome. Since G. violaceus clearly synthesizes MQ-4, the combined results indicate that this cyanobacterium must have a novel pathway for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid

Description of three new bat-associated species of hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) from Japan

In Eurasia, the geographically most widespread ixodid tick species of the bat families Rhinolophidae Gray, Vespertilionidae Gray, and Miniopteridae Dobson were considered to belong to four species, Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, I. collaris Hornok, I. ariadnae Hornok, and I. simplex Neumann. Previous data attest that bat-associated tick species from Eastern Asia show remarkable genetic difference from the above four tick species, but in the absence of detailed morphological comparison these were regarded as conspecific. In this study we compensate for this lack of data on three bat-associated tick species, reporting their morphological comparison, as well as molecular and phylogenetic relationships. According to the results we describe the females of three tick species new to science, i.e., I. nipponrhinolophi Hornok & Takano, sp. nov., I. fuliginosus Hornok & Takano, sp. nov., and I. fujitai Hornok & Takano, sp. nov. In case of all three new tick species the cytochrome c oxidase subunit (coxI) gene showed remarkably high sequence differences from the species that they previously were thought to belong to, well exceeding the average limit delineating ixodid tick species. This, as well as observed morphological differences fully justify their taxonomical status as new species

ブンキョウ ペンギン ルーム ニ オケル コソダテ シエン ノ タメノ カンケイリョク イクセイ プログラム ジッセン ダイ3ホウ : キョウショク シボウ ガクセイ ノ コウドウ カンサツリョク ノ イクセイ ノ タメ ノ カンケイリョク イクセイ プログラム ニ ツイテ

　本研究は，北海道文教大学文教ペンギンルームをベースにして進められている「文教ペンギンルームにおける子育て支援のための関係力育成プログラム実践」の第1 報及び第2 報に続くものである．この取組では，文教ペンギンルームの専任スタッフグループと学生グループ，およびアドバイザーグループの三者がチームを組み，お互いに影響し合いながら実践研究を進めている． 　第3 報では関係力育成プログラムに焦点をあてている．われわれは，こども発達支援の専門職を目指す学生たちが「行動観察力」を高め，対象との関係力を向上させていくためには，その実践の基盤となっている「関係力育成プログラム」に精通することが重要であると考えている．　ここでは「関係力育成プログラム」の骨子とそのベースになっている論文の紹介，および共同研究グループのメンバーとしての学生たちが捉えている「このプログラムの良いところ」と「まだ，十分理解できていないところ」についてのコメントを中心にして報告する．This study is a follow up on Reports Nos. 1 and 2 on the Program in Interpersonal Skills Education for Supporting Child-Rearing in the Bunkyo Penguin Room based at the Bunkyo Penguin Room at Hokkaido Bunkyo University. This effort is advancing practical research through the three parties of a group of full-time Bunkyo Penguin Room staff, a student group, and a group of advisors consisting of researchers and mothers forming a team and influencing each other.Report No. 3 focuses on the interpersonal skills education program. It is important that students aiming to be specialists in supporting child development be highly familiar with the interpersonal skills education program serving as the basis for implementation of the program, in order to improve their behavioral observation abilities and develop their interpersonal skills.This report provides introductions to the framework of the interpersonal skills education program and the papers on which it is based and consists chiefly of comments on what students, as members of the joint research group, consider the program\u27s good points and areas still not understood sufficiently

ブンキョウ ペンギン ルーム ニ オケル コソダテ シエン ノ タメノ カンケイリョク イクセイ プログラム ジッセン ダイ2ホウ : PF-NOTE プロトタイプ ニヨル カシカ シリョウ オ モチイタ ガクセイ ノ コウドウ カンサツリョク ノ イクセイ オ トオシテ

　本研究は、こども発達支援の専門職を目指す学生の「行動観察力」を高める活動を通して関係力を育成することを目的としている。特に、本研究では、幼児教育・特別支援教育教師を目指す学生たちの実践の効果的な振り返りを重視している。ここでは、その第2 報として、後藤らが開発した関係力育成プログラムによる学生たちのロールプレィ実践を取り上げ、それらを通して、学生支援の手掛かりを得たので報告する。　本研究では、ロールプレィ実践場面をビデオ録画し、それを分析素材にして、中島によって開発された反応収集提示装置「PF-NOTE プロトタイプ」を用いて学生たちと熟達者に「いい場面」と思われるところをそれぞれクリッカーで入力してもらい、それらを動画の時系列上に合わせてグラフ化した資料を作成した。本研究では、それらの結果を用いて振り返りをさせ、学生たちのロールプレィ場面の着目点の特徴、及び同一ビデオ映像資料による熟達者との特徴的差異を明らかにした。　The purpose of this research is to develop relevant skills through activities which improve the"behavior observation skills" of students who aim to be professionals in child development support. In particular, this research emphasizes effective reflection on practice by students who aim to be teachers in the field of early childhood education or special needs education. This second report addresses the role playing practice of students using a relevant skill development program developed by Goto et al., and reports that, through that program, hints were obtained for supporting students.In this research, scenes of role playing practice were recorded with a VTR, and using those tapes as analysis materials, students were asked to press a clicker at "each point thought to be a good scene" for students and experts, using the "PF-NOTE Prototype" reaction gathering and presentation system developed by Nakajima et al. Then materials were created which graphed those points along the corresponding time series for the video. In this research, students were encouraged to reflect using those results, and the differences were clarified between the features of the points of interest in role playing scenes of students, and the features of experts in the same VTR materials

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts