The molecular structure of 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-otoluenesulfonyl- α-D-glucofuranose

The crystal and molecular structure of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-Otoluenesulfonyl- α-D-glucofuranose is reported. This compound crystallizes from a petroleum ether/ethyl acetate mixture with the chiral orthorhombic space group P212121 with four molecules in the unit cell. The unit cell parameters are: a = 9.7945(7) Å, b = 10.1945(7) Å, c = 21.306(1) Å, and V = 2127.4(2) Å3. No classical hydrogen bonds were found. Bond lengths and angles of this tosylated glucofuranose derivative are typical

Biodiesel as alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications: A review

Shipping activities is a major contributor to air pollution at sea where most of it occurs as a result of exhaust emissions from ships. Stringent emission limitations enforced by the International Maritime Organization have hastened the need to find a new alternative fuel for marine diesel engines. Thus, biodiesel fuel was chosen as one of the environmentally friendly alternative energy that can reduce ship toxic gas emissions and at the same time reduces dependence on petroleum-based fuels. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for marine diesel engine applications. This review covers the biodiesel fuel background, engine performance, history, recent progress, engine warranty, issues, challenges, and possible solutions on using biodiesel for marine applications. A significant number of literatures from indexed journals were cited accordingly. The results of previous studies had shown that the use of biodiesel would mostly increase the amount of brake specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide gas while conversely reducing other toxic gas emissions. Although a number of issues and challenges arise, most marine engine manufacturers give conditional warranty against the use of biodiesel in the engines. The study concluded that biodiesel and its blends have a bright future in the marine sector, provided some of the highlighted issues can be solved

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Dukungan Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Primer Hipertensi

Kementerian Kesehatan menyatakan bahwa di Indonesia terjadi peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi delam tiga tahun terakhir. Kabupaten Kuningan merupakan wilayah dengan prevalensi hipertensi terbanyak di Indonesia. Kasus hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang termasuk sepuluh penyakit terbesar selama tiga tahun di seluruh Puskesmas di Kabupaten Kuningan termasuk Puskesmas Windusengkahan yang memiliki catatan kenaikan hipertensi tiga tahun terakhir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan dukungan keluarga dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi pada di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan Kabupaten Kuningan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif analitik korelasional dengan menggunakan multivariat regresi liniear. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah anggota keluarga usia dewasa baik pria maupun wanita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan yang memiliki riwayat keluarga hipertensi dan memiliki minimal dua faktor dari risiko hipertensi yang bertempat tinggal bersama keluarga. Pengambilan sampel di setiap kelurahan dalam pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Windusengkahan ini menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu semua variabel bebas seperti tingkat pengetahuan, faktor spiritual, faktor emosional, tingkat ekonomi, latar belakang budaya, dan praktik keluarga berhubungan dengan dukungan keluarga dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan dukungan keluarga dalam pencegahan primer hipertensi adalah paktor praktik. Persamaan yang muncul dari penelitian ini yaitu dukungan keluarga = 0.442 + 5.331 (Tingkat Pengetahuan Keluarga) + 2.532 (emosional)+ 3.112 (spiritual) + 7.330 (Faktor Praktik Keluarga). Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pengetahuan keluarga, faktor emosional, faktor spiritual dan praktik keluarga lebih ditingkatkan lagi di keluarga dalam memberikan dukungan pencegahan primer hipertensi. Keluarga menjadi faktor penting bagi anggota keluarga dalam pemeliharaan kesehatannya khususnya pada pencegahan primer hipertensi

Trio a novel bovine high-fecundity allele: II. Hormonal profile and follicular dynamics underlying the high ovulation rate

The newly discovered Trio high-fecundity allele produces multiple ovulations in cattle. This study evaluated (1) size and growth rates of follicles in Trio carriers during a synchronized follicular wave, induced by follicle aspiration; (2) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) patterns associated with the follicular wave; (3) size of corpora lutea (CL) and circulating progesterone; and (4) intrafollicular estradiol concentrations prior to normal deviation. Trio carriers had mean dominant follicles that were significantly smaller in diameter and volume than noncarriers. Onset of diameter deviation occurred at ∼3 days after the last follicle aspiration in both genotypes despite Trio carriers having much smaller individual follicles. Follicles of Trio carriers grew at a slower rate than noncarrier follicles (∼65% in mm/day or ∼30% in mm3/day) resulting in much smaller individual dominant follicles (∼25% volume). However, total dominant follicle volume, calculated as the sum of all dominant follicles in each animal, was similar in carriers and noncarriers of Trio throughout the entire follicular wave. Circulating FSH was greater in Trio carriers during the 24 h encompassing deviation. Trio carriers had significantly more ovulations than noncarriers, and individual CL volume was smaller, although total luteal tissue volume and circulating P4 were not different. Thus, increased ovulation rate in Trio carriers relates to smaller individual follicles (one-third the volume) near the time of deviation due to slower follicle growth rate, although time of deviation is similar, with increased circulating FSH near deviation leading to selection of multiple dominant follicles in Trio carriers with similar total follicle volume

Proteomic analysis of follicular fluid in carriers and non-carriers of the Trio allele for high ovulation rate in cattle

This study was conducted to characterise differences in follicular fluid proteins between carriers and non-carriers of a bovine allele for high ovulation rate. A total of four non-carrier and five carrier females were used in an initial study with four and six additional non-carriers and carriers respectively used in a validation study. Emergence of the follicular wave was synchronised and the ovaries containing the dominant follicle(s) were extracted by ovariectomy for follicular fluid collection. A hexapeptide ligand library was used to overcome the masking effect of high-abundance proteins and to increase detection of low-abundance proteins in tandem mass spectrometry. After correcting for multiple comparisons, only two proteins, glia-derived nexin precursor (SERPINE2) and inhibin β B chain precursor (INHBB), were significantly differentially expressed (false-discovery rate <0.05). In a replicate study of analogous design differential expression was confirmed (P<0.05). Joint analysis of results from the two studies indicated that three additional proteins were consistently differentially expressed between genotypes. For three of these five, previous studies have indicated that expression is increased by transforming growth factor-β-bone morphogenetic protein signalling; their reduction in follicular fluid from carrier animals is consistent with the ~9-fold overexpression of SMAD family member 6 (SMAD6) in carriers that is inhibitory to this pathway

Removal of methyl orange dye by manganese/aluminium- layered double hydroxide

As textile production flourishes nowadays, the amount of dyed wastewater entering the water body has also increased. Dyes could have serious negative impacts to the environment and also the human health, hence, they need to be removed from the water body. In this study, layered double hydroxide (LDH) of manganese/aluminium (MnAl) was synthesised to be used as a potential adsorbent to remove methyl orange (MO) dye due to its unique lamellar structure which provides LDH with high anion adsorption and exchange ability. MnAl was synthesized by using co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur (CHNS) elemental analysers, and Accelerated Surface Area and Porosity Analyzer (ASAP). Adsorption studies were conducted at different contact times and dosages of MnAl to evaluate the performance of MnAl in removing MO from water. Kinetic and isotherm models were tested using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm. MnAl LDH was found to be perfectly fitted into pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm

Modulation of Sn concentration in ZnO nanorod array: intensification on the conductivity and humidity sensing properties

Tin (Sn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (TZO) were synthesized onto aluminum-doped ZnO-coated glass substrate via a facile sonicated sol–gel immersion method for humidity sensor applications. These nanorod arrays were grown at different Sn concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 3 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the deposited TZO arrays exhibited a wurtzite structure. The stress/strain condition of the ZnO film metamorphosed from tensile strain/compressive stress to compressive strain/tensile stress when the Sn concentrations increased. Results indicated that 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO, which has the lowest tensile stress of 0.14 GPa, generated the highest conductivity of 1.31 S cm− 1. In addition, 1 at.% Sn doping of TZO possessed superior sensitivity to a humidity of 3.36. These results revealed that the optimum performance of a humidity-sensing device can be obtained mainly by controlling the amount of extrinsic element in a ZnO film

Retrocaval ureter: report of 2 different clinical spectrums

Retrocaval ureter is a relatively rare anomaly where ureteric obstruction may occur as a result of ureter passes behind the inferior vena cava (IVC), hence, compressing it between the IVC and the vertebrae. We report 2 cases of retrocaval ureter with different presentations. One patient was managed surgically with minimally invasive approach and the other was managed conservatively

Effect of School Community Empowerment Model Towards Handwashing Implementation Among Elementary School Students in Dayeuhkolot Subdistrict

Handwashing with soap behavior in Indonesia remains a problem. The cause is associated with lack of awareness in handwashing with soap. This study aimed to determine effect of school community empowerment on handwashing implementation among elementary school students in Dayeuhkolot Subdistrict, Bandung District. This study used quasi experimental design with pretest and posttest, also descriptive and inferential analysis. Samples consisted of 24 teachers, 377 students at 4th – 6th grade and 24 little doctors. The approach method in this study was using integrated school health effort (combined model of fit for school and selected school health effort) consisting of six stages. Instruments were knowledge questionnaires, observation and checklist sheets. Handwashing with soap was evaluated for three months. Results found that score of little doctors in good category increased in skill of handwashing with soap from 0% to 100%, the skill among the students improved in good category from 0% to 87.5%. School community empowerment affects on handwashing behavior among elementary school students