Activation of phase boundary and current-generating processes in plasma-electrochemical systems

This paper reviews and presents the principles for implementing

Phase boundary texturing influence on laminated compound durability under local thermal effect

Destruction process modeling has been conducted for a laminated material under a local pointed thermal effect. Temperature field dependence on the coating surface texturing parameters has been studied. A mathematical model of the load distribution in the laminated material with wavy coating surface texturing under thermal effect is presented

Use of Nanocomposite Material Based on Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in Research of Blood Erythrocytes in Various Diseases

The electrical and structural properties of a nanocomposite material based on silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide were investigated. Using electron and atomic force microscopy it was shown that the nanoparticles formed predominantly have sizes from 60 to 100 nm. Measurements of the current-voltage characteristics showed electrical conductivity values significantly exceeding the parameters of the initial graphene oxide. The prepared nanocomposites were used for scanning by electron microscopy (SEM) of blood samples of sick children with hematuria syndrome and patients of the radiological department of an oncologic dispensary diagnosed with cervical cancer. The formation of nanosize objects on the surface of erythrocytes is revealed. The size of these volumes is comparable to the size of the viruses. Results of these studies can indirectly confirm an assumption of authors about possible transportation of viruses by erythrocytes to various organs and viral etiology of renal diseases with the hematuria syndrome and cervical cancer. Keywords: graphene, graphene oxide, silver nanoparticles, structural and electrical properties, nephropathy, diagnostics

Nominations of Women in Modern English

The article highlights the definition of the term «nomination», according to which nomination is considered as a meaningful linguistic unit, which is the result of the process of nomination. A detailed thematic classification of nominations of women is given.В статье предлагается определение феномена «номинации», согласно которому номинация рассматривается как значимая языковая единица, являющая результатом процесса номинации. Приводится подробная тематическая классификация номинаций женщины в современном английском языке

Experience with the triple fixed combination in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most important problems of modern medicine associated with a high mortality rate, high costs of treatment and relief of exacerbations of COPD. The main objectives of COPD treatment are symptom control, reduce the frequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations, and reduced risk of exacerbation in the future. The recommendations of the GOLD initiative propose a treatment approach based on the assessment of exacerbation rates external respiratory function indicators (spirometric classification of GOLD), the severity of symptoms assessed on the CAT test and mMRC. When choosing therapy, the physician must first of all take into account the effectiveness, safety of the drug, adherence to treatment in order to achieve the therapeutic goals of treating patients with COPD. The change in therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment is associated with the accumulation of knowledge in physiology, clinical pharmacology, and the isolation of new clinical phenotypes of COPD. Currently, the main classes of drugs for the treatment of COPD are long-acting beta-agonists (LABA), longacting anticholinergics (LAMA), and inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS). The evolution of therapeutic approaches in COPD treatment has led to the creation of new fixed inhalation combinations of the main groups of drugs for COPD treatment. The therapeutic strategies recommended by GOLD and the Russian Federal Guidelines determine the long-term goals of COPD treatment – the impact on the risk of exacerbations in the future. The presented clinical observation of a patient with severe COPD demonstrates the effectiveness of a triple fixed combination vilanterol/umeclidinium/fluticasone furoate 55/22/92 μg as a basic therapy. The  chosen treatment strategy not only reduces the  severity of  the  symptoms of  the  disease, but also reduces the  risk of exacerbations in the future

The comparison of 2D and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography values in young athletes

Objective: to analyze the parameters of 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) with speckle-tracking technology in young athletes. Materials and methods: 79 athletes (52 male, 27 female, median age 20,5±3,7 years) undergone prospective analysis. Participants were divided into groups by level of training (group A-professionals and group B-amateurs) and by gender (group 1-men and group 2-women). Athletes underwent 12-lead ECG, 2D TTE and 3D TTE with a speckle-tracking. The evaluation of LV function was performed using the speckle-tracking method with the assessment of LV longitudinal strain in the Automated Function Imaging mode. Results: significant differences in LDV (

Forming A Pedagogue’s Research Competences in Innovative Educational Environment

Changes that take place in different spheres of life in Russia (economic, political, social, cultural) determine new requirements to the goals, values, functions of education in providing the development and self-realization of students. A graduate of a modern school should master a complex of information and research skills, and have critical and creative thinking. Research methodology. The orientation of education towards the growth of a student as a person, bearer of certain individual peculiarities, and activity subject may be of use only if an effective strategy of pedagogic work is developed. Such a strategy should be scientifically grounded on the basic principles of modern approaches implemented in pedagogy and psychology: humanistic, personality-, activity- and competence-oriented. Research results. Four spheres of a pedagogue’s professional activity in an innovative educational environment have been distinguished: sphere of analysis, synthesis and mastering pioneering pedagogic experience; sphere of popularization and initial practical use of pioneering pedagogic experience and advanced developments; sphere of the improvement of professional skills and realization of creative potential of a teacher; sphere of innovative processes in the system of education. Discussion. The essence of a pedagogue’s research activity is conditioned by the functions, which are based on the following factors: optimization of the teaching and educational process; specifically, structured controlled cognitive process; processes of self-improvement, self-instruction and selfeducation, self-realization; mastering professional pedagogic activity of a new level. Conclusion. Four levels of the development of a teacher’s research competences have been distinguished: basic, empiric (local and initiative), productive (tactical), and constructive (strategic)

A study of some fundamental physicochemical variables on the morphology of mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41 type

[EN] All variables affecting the morphology of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) should be carefully analyzed in order to truly tailored design their mesoporous structure according to their final use. Although complete control on MCM-41 synthesis has been already claimed, reproducibility and repeatability of results remain a big issue due to the lack of information reported in literature. Stirring rate, reaction volume, and system configuration (i.e., opened or closed reactor) are three variables that are usually omitted, making the comparison of product characteristics difficult. Specifically, the rate of solvent evaporation is seldom disclosed, and its influence has not been previously analyzed. These variables were systematically studied in this work, and they were proven to have a fundamental impact on final particle morphology. Hence, a high degree of circularity (C = 0.97) and monodispersed particle size distributions were only achieved when a stirring speed of 500 rpm and a reaction scale of 500 mL were used in a partially opened system, for a 2 h reaction at 80 degrees C. Well-shaped spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 95 nm, a pore size of 2.8 nm, and a total surface area of 954 m(2) g(-1) were obtained. Final characteristics made this product suitable to be used in biomedicine and nanopharmaceutics, especially for the design of drug delivery systems.This study was funded partially by Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación–COLCIENCIAS (recipient, Angela A. Beltrán-Osuna); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO, research number MAT2016-76039-C4-1-R (Recipient, José L. Gómez-Ribelles); and Universidad Nacional de Colombia, grant number DIB201010021438 (Recipient, Jairo E. Perilla).Beltrán-Osuna, A.; Gómez Ribelles, JL.; Perilla-Perilla, JE. (2017). A study of some fundamental physicochemical variables on the morphology of mesoporous silica nanoparticles MCM-41 type. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 19(12):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4077-2S1141912Barrabino A (2011) Synthesis of mesoporous silica particles with control of both pore diameter and particle size. Master Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, SwedenBastos FS, Lima OA, Filho CR, Fernandes LD (2011) Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 synthesis from fluoride media. Brazilian. J Chem Eng 28:649–658Beck JS, Vartuli JC, Roth WJ, Leonowicz ME, Kresge CT, Schmitt KD, Chu CTW, Olson DH, Sheppard EW, McCullen SB, Higgins JB, Schlenker JL (1992) A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. J Am Chem Soc 114(27):10834–10843. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a020Beltrán-Osuna AA, Perilla JE (2016) Colloidal and spherical mesoporous silica particles: synthesis and new technologies for delivery applications. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 77(2):480–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3874-2Bernardos A, Mondragón L, Aznar E et al (2010) Enzyme-responsive intracellular controlled release using nanometric silica mesoporous supports capped with “saccharides”. ACS Nano 4(11):6353–6368. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101499dBharti C, Nagaich U, Pal AK, Gulati N (2015) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in target drug delivery system: a review. Int J Pharm Investig 5(3):124–133. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-973X.160844Brevet D, Hocine O, Delalande A, Raehm L, Charnay C, Midoux P, Durand JO, Pichon C (2014) Improved gene transfer with histidine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 471(1-2):197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.020Cai Q, Luo Z, Pang W et al (2001) Dilute solution routes to various controllable morphologies of MCM-41 silica with a basic medium. Chem Mater 13(2):258–263. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990661zChakraborty I, Mascharak PK (2016) Mesoporous silica materials and nanoparticles as carriers for controlled and site-specific delivery of gaseous signaling molecules. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 234:409–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.07.028Chen L, Zhang Z, Yao X, Chen X, Chen X (2015a) Intracellular pH-operated mechanized mesoporous silica nanoparticles as potential drug carries. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 201:169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.09.023Chen X, Yao X, Wang C, Chen L, Chen X (2015b) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with fluorescence-conjugated cyclodextrin for pH-activated controlled drug delivery and imaging. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 217:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.06.012Chen Y, Chen H, Shi J (2013) In vivo bio-safety evaluations and diagnostic / therapeutic applications of chemically designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Adv Mater 25(23):3144–3176. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201205292Chen Y, Shi X, Han B, Qin H, Li Z, Lu Y, Wang J, Kong Y (2012) The complete control for the nanosize of spherical MCM-41. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12(9):7239–7249. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.6459Cheng Y-J, Zeng X, Cheng D-B, Xu XD, Zhang XZ, Zhuo RX, He F (2016) Functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for highly controllable drug release and synergistic therapy. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces 145:217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.051Crommelin DJA, Florence AT (2013) Towards more effective advanced drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 454(1):496–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.020Edler KJ (1997) Synthesis and characterisation of the mesoporous molecular sieve, MCM-41. Doctoral dissertation, The Australian National University, AustraliaGuo Z, Liu X-M, Ma L, Li J, Zhang H, Gao YP, Yuan Y (2013) Effects of particle morphology, pore size and surface coating of mesoporous silica on naproxen dissolution rate enhancement. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 101:228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.026Han N, Wang Y, Bai J, Liu J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Jiang T, Kang W, Wang S (2016) Facile synthesis of the lipid bilayer coated mesoporous silica nanocomposites and their application in drug delivery. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 219:209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.08.006Hu X, Wang Y, Peng B (2014) Chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pH-responsive nanocarriers for controlled drug release. Chem - An Asian J 9(1):319–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201301105Huh S, Wiench JW, Yoo J et al (2003) Organic functionalization and morphology control of mesoporous silicas via a co-condensation synthesis method. Chem Mater 15(22):4247–4256. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0210041Ikari K, Suzuki K, Imai H (2006) Structural control of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in a binary surfactant system. Langmuir 22(2):802–806. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0525527Iliade P, Miletto I, Coluccia S, Berlier G (2012) Functionalization of mesoporous MCM-41 with aminopropyl groups by co-condensation and grafting: a physico-chemical characterization. Res Chem Intermed 38(3-5):785–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-011-0417-5IUPAC (1985) Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems. Pure Appl Chem 57:603–619IUPAC (2014) Compendium of chemical terminology-gold book, 2.3.3. International Union of Pure and Applied ChemistryKhezri K, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Sarsabili M, Sobani M, Mirshafiei-Langari SA (2014) Spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tailor-made polystyrene nanocomposites by in situ reverse atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Sci Ser B 56(6):909–918. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560090414660026Kresge CT, Leonowicz ME, Roth WJ, Vartuli JC, Beck JS (1992) Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature 359(6397):710–712. https://doi.org/10.1038/359710a0Lelong G, Bhattacharyya S, Kline S, Cacciaguerra T, Gonzalez MA, Saboungi ML (2008) Effect of surfactant concentration on the morphology and texture of MCM-41 materials. J Phys Chem C 112(29):10674–10680. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp800898nLv X, Zhang L, Xing F, Lin H (2016) Controlled synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous silica nanoparticles: particle size tuning and formation mechanism investigation. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 225:238–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.12.024Mamaeva V, Sahlgren C, Lindén M (2013) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in medicine: recent advances. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(5):689–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.018Manzano M, Aina V, Areán CO, Balas F, Cauda V, Colilla M, Delgado MR, Vallet-Regí M (2008) Studies on MCM-41 mesoporous silica for drug delivery: effect of particle morphology and amine functionalization. Chem Eng J 137(1):30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.07.078Merkus HG (2009) Particle size measurements: fundamentals, practice, quality. Springer Science +Businees Media B.V, The NetherlandsMorishige K, Fujii H, Uga M, Kinukawa D (1997) Capillary critical point of argon, nitrogen, oxygen, ethylene, and carbon dioxide in MCM-41. Langmuir 13(13):3494–3498. https://doi.org/10.1021/la970079ude Padua Oliveira DC, de Barros ALB, Belardi RM et al (2016) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential vaccine adjuvant against Schistosoma mansoni. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 35:234–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2016.07.002Phillips E, Penate-Medina O, Zanzonico PB, Carvajal RD, Mohan P, Ye Y, Humm J, Gonen M, Kalaigian H, Schoder H, Strauss HW, Larson SM, Wiesner U, Bradbury MS (2014) Clinical translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe. Sci Transl Med 6(260):260ra149. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009524Qu F, Zhu G, Lin H, Zhang W, Sun J, Li S, Qiu S (2006) A controlled release of ibuprofen by systematically tailoring the morphology of mesoporous silica materials. J Solid State Chem 179(7):2027–2035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2006.04.002Rafi AA, Mahkam M, Davaran S, Hamishehkar H (2016) A smart pH-responsive nano-carrier as a drug delivery system: a hybrid system comprised of mesoporous nanosilica MCM-41 (as a nano-container) & a pH-sensitive polymer (as smart reversible gatekeepers): preparation, characterization and in vitro releas. Eur J Pharm Sci 93:64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.005Rouquerol J, Rouquerol F, Llewellyn P, et al (2014) Adsorption by powders and porous solids: principles, methodology and applications. Elsevier Ltd.Selvam P, Bhatia SK, Sonwane CG (2001) Recent advances in processing and characterization of periodic mesoporous MCM-41 silicate molecular sieves. Ind Eng Chem Res 40(15):3237–3261. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0010666Shi YT, Cheng HY, Geng Y, Nan HM, Chen W, Cai Q, Chen BH, Sun XD, Yao YW, Li HD (2010) The size-controllable synthesis of nanometer-sized mesoporous silica in extremely dilute surfactant solution. Mater Chem Phys 120(1):193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.10.045Shibata H, Chiba Y, Kineri T, Matsumoto M, Nishio K (2010) The effect of heat treatment on the interplanar spacing of the mesostructure during the synthesis of mesoporous MCM-41 silica. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp 358(1-3):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.12.020Slowing II, Vivero-Escoto JL, Wu C-W, Lin VSY (2008) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60(11):1278–1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.012Sun R, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhang X (2015) Recent advance on mesoporous silica nanoparticles-based controlled release system: intelligent switches open up. Nano 5(4):2019–2053. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano5042019U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (2015) Cancer Nanotechnology PlanUkmar T, Maver U, Planinšek O, Kaučič V, Gaberšček M, Godec A (2011) Understanding controlled drug release from mesoporous silicates: theory and experiment. J Control Release 155(3):409–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.06.038Vallet-Regi M, Arcos Navarrete D (2016) Nanoceramics in clinical use, 1st edn. The Royal Society of Chemistry, CambridgeVallet-Regi M, Rámila A, Del Real RP, Pérez-Pariente J (2001) A new property of MCM-41: drug delivery system. Chem Mater 13(2):308–311. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0011559Varga N, Benko M, Sebok D et al (2015) Mesoporous silica core-shell composite functionalized with polyelectrolytes for drug delivery. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 213:134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.02.008Wang Y, Zhao Q, Han N, Bai L, Li J, Liu J, Che E, Hu L, Zhang Q, Jiang T, Wang S (2015) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery and biomedical applications. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 11(2):313–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.014Wanyika H, Gatebe E, Kioni P et al (2011) Synthesis and characterization of ordered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with tunable physical properties by varying molar composition of reagents. African J Pharm Pharmacol 5(21):2402–2410. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP11.592Wu SH, Mou CY, Lin HP (2013) Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 42(9):3862–3875. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35405aXu X, Lü S, Gao C, Wang X, Bai X, Gao N, Liu M (2015a) Facile preparation of pH-sensitive and self-fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with PAMAM dendrimers for label-free imaging and drug delivery. Chem Eng J 266:171–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.075Xu X, Lü S, Gao C, Wang X, Bai X, Duan H, Gao N, Feng C, Liu M (2015b) Polymeric micelle-coated mesop orous silica nanoparticle for enhanced fluorescent imaging and pH-responsive drug delivery. Chem Eng J 279:851–860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.05.085Xu X, Lü S, Gao C, Feng C, Wu C, Bai X, Gao N, Wang Z, Liu M (2016) Self-fluorescent and stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles using a double-role curcumin gatekeeper for drug delivery. Chem Eng J 300:185–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.087Yang Y, Yu C (2015) Advances in silica based nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Nanomedicine nanotechnology. Biol Med 12(2):317–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.018Zhang H, Tong C, Sha J, Liu B, Lü C (2015) Fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized graphene oxide: a facile FRET-based ratiometric probe for Hg2+. Sensors Actuators B Chem 206:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.09.051Zhou C, Yan C, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhou Q, Luo W (2016) Rapid synthesis of morphology-controlled mesoporous silica nanoparticles from silica fume. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 62:307–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.01.03

Novel functional insights into ischemic stroke biology provided by the first genome-wide association study of stroke in indigenous Africans

\ua9 The Author(s) 2024. Background: African ancestry populations have the highest burden of stroke worldwide, yet the genetic basis of stroke in these populations is obscure. The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter study involving 16 sites in West Africa. We conducted the first-ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) of stroke in indigenous Africans. Methods: Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged > 18 years) with neuroimaging-confirmed ischemic stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status. DNA genotyping with the H3Africa array was performed, and following initial quality control, GWAS datasets were imputed into the NIH Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) release2 from BioData Catalyst. Furthermore, we performed fine-mapping, trans-ethnic meta-analysis, and in silico functional characterization to identify likely causal variants with a functional interpretation. Results: We observed genome-wide significant (P-value < 5.0E−8) SNPs associations near AADACL2 and miRNA (MIR5186) genes in chromosome 3 after adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiac status in the base model as covariates. SNPs near the miRNA (MIR4458) gene in chromosome 5 were also associated with stroke (P-value < 1.0E−6). The putative genes near AADACL2, MIR5186, and MIR4458 genes were protective and novel. SNPs associations with stroke in chromosome 2 were more than 77 kb from the closest gene LINC01854 and SNPs in chromosome 7 were more than 116 kb to the closest gene LINC01446 (P-value < 1.0E−6). In addition, we observed SNPs in genes STXBP5-AS1 (chromosome 6), GALTN9 (chromosome 12), FANCA (chromosome 16), and DLGAP1 (chromosome 18) (P-value < 1.0E−6). Both genomic regions near genes AADACL2 and MIR4458 remained significant following fine mapping. Conclusions: Our findings identify potential roles of regulatory miRNA, intergenic non-coding DNA, and intronic non-coding RNA in the biology of ischemic stroke. These findings reveal new molecular targets that promise to help close the current gaps in accurate African ancestry-based genetic stroke’s risk prediction and development of new targeted interventions to prevent or treat stroke