Coexistence of multiple sclerosis and brain tumours: Case report and review

In the present report, a review of the literature on the combination of multiple sclerosis and brain tumours is performed. Additionally, the frequency of such combination, possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms, current diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches are reviewed. Furthermore, the case of a 30-year-old man with multiple sclerosis and anaplastic astrocytoma of the right temporal lobe is described in detail. Specifically, the patient underwent a series of tests, including laboratory analyses of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, brain MRI in various modes, MR spectroscopy and excised tumour’s pathohistological and immunohistochemical examination. Results of the tests are reported here. A staged examination and treatment of the patient allowed the researchers to perform a correct diagnosis and obtain a satisfactory functional outcome

Revision of Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) with notes on morphologically and historically related taxa

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The AuthorsCerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) is a genus traditionally defined by corticioid basidiocarps, in contrast to the rest of the class, which is characterized by gelatinous ones. In the traditional circumscription the genus is polyphyletic, and the monotypic family Cerinomycetaceae is paraphyletic. Aiming for a more concise delimitation, we revise Cerinomyces s.l. with a novel phylogeny based on sequences of nrDNA (SSU, ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α). We establish that monophyletic Cerinomyces s.s. is best characterized not by the corticioid morphology, but by a combination of traits: hyphal clamps, predominantly aseptate thin-walled basidiospores, and low content of carotenoid pigments. In our updated definition, Cerinomyces s.s. encompasses five well-supported phylogenetic clades divided into two morphological groups: (i-iii) taxa with arid corticioid basidiocarps, including the generic type C. pallidus; and (iv-v) newly introduced members with gelatinous basidiocarps, like Dacrymyces enatus and D. tortus. The remaining corticioid species of Cerinomyces s.l. are morphologically distinct and belong to the Dacrymycetaceae: our analysis places the carotenoid-rich Cerinomyces canadensis close to Femsjonia, and we transfer the clamps-lacking C. grandinioides group to Dacrymyces. In addition, we address genera related to Cerinomyces s.l. historically and morphologically, such as Ceracea, Dacryonaema and Unilacryma. Overall, we describe twenty-four new species and propose nine new combinations in both Cerinomycetaceae and Dacrymycetaceae.Peer reviewe

Three very young HgMn stars in the Orion OB1 Association

We report the detection of three mercury-manganese stars in the Orion OB1 association. HD 37886 and BD-0 984 are in the approximately 1.7 million year old Orion OB1b. HD 37492 is in the approximately 4.6 million year old Orion OB1c. Orion OB1b is now the youngest cluster with known HgMn star members. This places an observational upper limit on the time scale needed to produce the chemical peculiarities seen in mercury-manganese stars, which should help in the search for the cause or causes of the peculiar abundances in HgMn and other chemically peculiar upper main sequence stars.Comment: 8 pages including 1 figure. To appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Хірургічне лікування хордоми крижів

Мета. Аналіз хірургічної техніки, результатів хірургічного та комбінованого лікування хордоми крижів. Матеріали і методи. У 28 хворих з хордомами крижів проаналізовано симптоми захворювання та їх динаміку, цін- ність методів нейровізуалізації, особливості патогістологічної картини, хірургічну техніку, ефективність променевої те- рапії та віддалені результати лікування. Результати. Серед клінічних проявів хордоми крижів домінував больовий синдром. Середня тривалість анамнезу ста- новила близько одного року. Хірургічну резекцію пухлини через задній доступ виконали 18 хворим, через комбінова- ний – 9 хворим. Видалення пухлин оцінене як радикальне у 21 хворого, часткове – у 7 хворих. У післяопераційному періоді всім хворим проведено курс променевої терапії на лінійному прискорювачі. Протягом 5 років у 26 хворих ви- ник рецидив хордоми. Повторне оперативне втручання виконали 22 хворим. Висновки. Лікування хордом потребує комплексного підходу. Методом вибору залишається виконання радикального хірургічного втручання, що можливо не у всіх хворих

Semantic Typology Pandemic Vocabulary: Covid Neologisms in English, French and German

Neologisms that appeared under the influence of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are considered, based on the material of English, French and German languages. The basis of the study is formed by neologisms collected by continuous sampling from available lexicographic sources and foreign language Internet resources. The relevance of this work is confirmed by the rapid growth of neologisms in all the languages under consideration. The novelty of the study lies in a comparative approach to the analysis of nomination processes and in determining the dominant areas of semantic attraction in these linguistic cultures. The elements that have shown the greatest productivity and stable functioning are singled out. The author’s classification of covid neologisms is proposed. The question is raised about the susceptibility of these languages to new realities, their productivity in the process of responding to changes in various spheres of society. It is concluded that the number of English neologisms prevails over the corresponding units in French and German. It is confirmed that the structure of the lexico-semantic groups identified during the analysis is heterogeneous and in some cases has a lacunar character. It is suggested that the reason for this may be both the specificity of the word formation of languages, and the peculiarities of the mentality inherent in a particular linguocultural community

Использование извлеченных данных из социальных сетей

Every day a significant part of the world population spends several hours on social networks. People fill information in their accounts about themselves, regularly updating it, thereby, they create a huge up-to-date database, which can be extracted and analyzed by someone. Such extraction often happened without informing people whose data were extracted. This can be a threat to the personal data of social networks' users. However, users' data can also be used for good purposes, such as to improve existing business processes and social ones, which ultimately can benefit society and can help automate many processes. These aspects will be discussed in this article. The article considers some options for using data from social networks, such as identifying stress based on social interactions in social networks, creating a reliable online survey using personal information from social networks, automated data collection for calculating credit ratings based on financial transactions and social networks, and also features of the Russian legislation in the field of personal data.Каждый день значительная часть населения земли тратит несколько часов на социальные сети. Люди наполняют свои аккаунты информацией о себе, регулярно обновляя ее, тем самым создают огромную актуальную базу данных, которую кто-то сможет извлечь и проанализировать. Такое извлечение зачастую может происходить без ведома людей, чьи данные извлекаются, и в корыстных целях. Это может представлять угрозу персональным данным пользователям социальных сетей. Тем не менее, данные пользователей социальных сетей также могут использоваться и для благих целей, для усовершенствования существующих как бизнес процессов, так и социальных, что в итоге может принести благо в общество и автоматизировать множество процессов, которые не были автоматизированы ранее. В данной статье будут рассмотрены некоторые варианты использования данных из социальных сетей, такие как: выявление стресса на основе социальных взаимодействий в социальных сетях, формирование достоверного онлайн-опроса с использованием персональной информации из социальных сетей, автоматизированный сбор данных для расчета кредитного рейтинга на основе финансовых операций и социальных сетей, а также особенности российского законодательства в области персональных данных

Vasa vasorum lumen narrowing in brain vascular hyalinosis in systemic hypertension patients who died of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death among patients with systemic hypertension. The narrowing of the lumen of the brain vasculature contributes to the increased incidence of stroke. While hyalinosis represents the major pathological lesions contributing to vascular lumen narrowing and stroke, the pathogenic mechanism of brain vascular hyalinosis has not been well characterized. Thus, the present study examined the postmortem brain vasculature of human patients who died of ischemic stroke due to systemic hypertension. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry showed the occurrence of brain vascular hyalinosis with infiltrated plasma proteins along with the narrowing of the vasa vasorum and oxidative stress. Transmission electron microscopy revealed endothelial cell bulge protrusion into the vasa vasorum lumen and the occurrence of endocytosis in the vasa vasorum endothelium. The treatment of cultured microvascular endothelial cells with adrenaline also promoted the formation of the bulge as well as endocytic vesicles. The siRNA knockdown of sortin nexin-9 (a mediator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis) inhibited adrenaline-induced endothelial cell bulge formation. Adrenaline promoted protein-protein interactions between sortin nexin-9 and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (a regulator of actin polymerization). Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats also exhibited lesions indicative of brain vascular hyalinosis, the endothelial cell protrusion into the lumen of the vasa vasorum, and endocytosis in vasa vasorum endothelial cells. We propose that endocytosis-dependent endothelial cell bulge protrusion narrows the vasa vasorum, resulting in ischemic oxidative damage to cerebral vessels, the formation of hyalinosis, the occurrence of ischemic stroke, and death in systemic hypertension patients

Formation of network model of value added chain based on integration of competitive enterprises in innovation-oriented cross-sectorial clusters

© 2016 Shinkevich et al.The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by the fact that currently in the global economy the strengthening of integration processes, increasing of inter-sectorial cooperation and the internationalization of economic processes are observed. Relevant and promising in this case is the formation of the network model of value added chains’ creation based on the integration of competitive enterprises in innovation-oriented cross-sectorial clusters. The purpose of the paper is to develop model of competitive enterprises’ integration in innovation-oriented inter-industry clusters, the formation of the algorithm for cluster’s building and its capacity and activity strengthening, competitive enterprises’ bringing on the level of innovative development. Leading method to the study of this problem is the method of building a spatial network model that allows realizing of economic entities’ integration of different categories and types of activities in a generic intersectorial competitive cluster. To assess the effectiveness of the value chain creation the use analysis method is assumed based on value added, which allows to diagnose groups of competitive and noncompetitive producers, to identify resource and innovative potential with further construction of development strategies. The research materials can be used in managing by the development of economic regional and cross-industry systems, clustering of the economy, as well as to assess the level of competitiveness of enterprises, the construction of strategies of innovation development

Papilledema in chronic subdural hematoma: how often it is seen and what has changed?

Background: A chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is defined as an encapsulated accumulation of a clot of blood and degraded blood products on the surface of the brain between the dural and arachnoid membranes. Papilledema had for a long time been referred to as a characteristic objective symptom of CSDH. The incidence of papilledema is however, variable and depends on a variety of factors. Purpose: To analyze the data on the diagnosis of papilledema in patients with CSDH and to review the place of papilledema among the clinical findings in CSDH. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 164 patients with CSDH who underwent treatment at the Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute and Zaporizhzhia City Clinical Emergency Care Hospital from 2011 through 2021. Patients underwent clinical-and-neurological, ophthalmological, and neuroimaging examinations. Results: Papilledema was found in 4 (2.4%) of the patients. All these four patients had moderate papilledema which regressed after surgery. Details of these cases were reviewed. Conclusion: A shift in the peak incidence of CSDH towards an older age group and an increasing use of neuroimaging modalities exert an impact on the incidence of papilledema in patients with CSDH. Papilledema was found in 2.4% of the patients of the study

On the orbital and physical parameters of the HDE 226868/Cygnus X-1 binary system

In this paper we explore the consequences of the recent determination of the mass m=(8.7 +/- 0.8)M_Sun of Cygnus X-1, obtained from the Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO)-photon index correlation scaling, on the orbital and physical properties of the binary system HDE 226868/Cygnus X-1. By using such a result and the latest spectroscopic optical data of the HDE 226868 supergiant star we get M=(24 +/- 5)M_Sun for its mass. It turns out that deviations from the third Kepler law significant at more than 1-sigma level would occur if the inclination i of the system's orbital plane to the plane of the sky falls outside the range 41-56 deg: such deviations cannot be due to the first post-Newtonian (1PN) correction to the orbital period because of its smallness; interpreted in the framework of the Newtonian theory of gravitation as due to the stellar quadrupole mass moment Q, they are unphysical because Q would take unreasonably large values. By conservatively assuming that the third Kepler law is an adequate model for the orbital period we obtain i=(48 +/- 7) deg which yields for the relative semimajor axis a=(42 +/- 9)R_Sun. Our estimate for the Roche's lobe of HDE 226868 is r_M = (21 +/- 6)R_Sun.Comment: Latex2e, 7 pages, 1 table, 4 figures. To appear in ApSS (Astrophysics and Space Science