Congruence modularity implies cyclic terms for finite algebras

An n-ary operation f : A(n) -> A is called cyclic if it is idempotent and f(a(1), a(2), a(3), ... , a(n)) = f(a(2), a(3), ... , a(n), a(1)) for every a(1), ... , a(n) is an element of A. We prove that every finite algebra A in a congruence modular variety has a p-ary cyclic term operation for any prime p greater than vertical bar A vertical bar

Professional Interests in the Early Youth: Peculiarities of Boys and Girls

We give the results of research interests in choosing a profession among high school students. The sample consisted of 859 people, 385 of them were boys and 474 were girls between the ages of 14 and 18. The purpose of the study is to study the differences in interests between young men and women that we identified earlier inthe professional fields of technology and art in relation to other professional spheres. For the study, the results of computer testing, using the ‘Proforientator’ method, were used. Studies have made it possible to identify the psychological construct as a community of interests in the professional fields of technology, science and sign.Another distinguished psychological construct is the combination of interests of art, communication, business and sign. It is shown that there are specific, reflecting gender identity in addition to the common interests in the professional socialization among boys and girls. The following specific features are revealed: interest in technology among young men is an additional combination with interests in the professions of business and art. So, girls have an additional combination of interests in the fields of nature and communication but young men have interest in art and it is combined with interests in the professions of science and nature. Keywords: interests, professional socialization, professional spheres, career guidance work with teenager

Gender Approach in Professional Orientation of School Students

The Constitution of Russia states that women have the same right to education and professional employment and have the right to equal pay for equal work. However, similarly to most countries, gender asymmetry is observed in Russian labor market. In recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the topic of gender socialization and its connection to professional self-determination. Our article is devoted to the gender-related aspects of school students’ career choice. We rely on the most recognized methodology in Russia developed by A.G. Shmelev’s group: computer-assisted test battery “Proforientator”.Our research has shown statistically significant differences in future career preferences of male and female students aged between 14 and 18 in all spheres, with the exception of “Communication”. Young men of early adolescence showed great interest in such professional spheres as “Technology”, “Science”, “Business”, “Sign”, and “Risk” while high school girls showed a strong inclination to “Art” and “Nature”. Thus, thisdistribution of preferences can be considered as a gender-dependent. Our study has also identified masculine characteristics in females and feminine characteristics in males in the formation of their professional interests. We believe that it is important to take into account the process of gender socialization when working to support the professional self-determination of young people. The revealed regularities require further research. Keywords: gender, gender socialization, professional self-determination, interests. professional spheres, professional orientation

Singly generated quasivarieties and residuated structures

A quasivariety K of algebras has the joint embedding property (JEP) iff it is generated by a single algebra A. It is structurally complete iff the free countably generated algebra in K can serve as A. A consequence of this demand, called "passive structural completeness" (PSC), is that the nontrivial members of K all satisfy the same existential positive sentences. We prove that if K is PSC then it still has the JEP, and if it has the JEP and its nontrivial members lack trivial subalgebras, then its relatively simple members all belong to the universal class generated by one of them. Under these conditions, if K is relatively semisimple then it is generated by one K-simple algebra. It is a minimal quasivariety if, moreover, it is PSC but fails to unify some finite set of equations. We also prove that a quasivariety of finite type, with a finite nontrivial member, is PSC iff its nontrivial members have a common retract. The theory is then applied to the variety of De Morgan monoids, where we isolate the sub(quasi)varieties that are PSC and those that have the JEP, while throwing fresh light on those that are structurally complete. The results illuminate the extension lattices of intuitionistic and relevance logics

Processing of Sb-Pb-Sn-Containing Materials

During the processing of lead containing products and polymetallic alloys the recovery of tin and antimony from technology of lead production is carried out by oxidation refining of decopperized lead with rich oxides (Sn, Sb ≥ 20%).Tin oxides are melted in a short-drum furnaces to lead bullion (> 96% Pb) and tin-rich (> 20% Sn) slag. The slag is melted in an ore-smelting furnace to obtain a Sn-Pb alloy of next composition, %: 56.1 Sn, 18.2 Pb, 14.6 Sb, 6.9 As, which is refined by vacuum distillation with production of rough tin (Sn ≥ 90%). The additional profit of rough tin obtainment (∼310 tons/year), compared with sales of tin slag, is about ∼1.3 million $/year. Keywords: lead, tin, antimony, melting, vacuum distillatio

Development of Technology of Arsenic Removal from Acidic Waste Solutions in the Form of Arsenic Trisulfide

During the laboratory tests the conditions of arsenic removal from acidic waste solutions of metallurgical enterprise in the form of arsenic trisulfide were determined. The technology based on the reduction of pentavalent arsenic to trivalent state with sodium pyrosulfite solution and following arsenic trisulfide precipitation from acidic solution after treatment with sodium sulfide solution was proposed. The arsenic removal proceeds with mechanical stirring, dosing the calculated amounts of reagents and collecting emissions of hydrogen sulfide. With such treatment, about 95% of arsenic, which was in the initial solution, passes into the precipitate. An enlarged laboratory experiment was carried out and the precipitate with 42.6% of arsenic and 46.9% of sulfur was obtained. The precipitate yield was ∼25.7 kg (dry weight) out of 1 m3 of the initial arsenic containing solution. Keywords: arsenic, arsenic trisulfide, acidic waste solutions, sodium sulfide, sodium pyrosulfit

Weakly-nonlocal Symplectic Structures, Whitham method, and weakly-nonlocal Symplectic Structures of Hydrodynamic Type

We consider the special type of the field-theoretical Symplectic structures called weakly nonlocal. The structures of this type are in particular very common for the integrable systems like KdV or NLS. We introduce here the special class of the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures which we call the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures of Hydrodynamic Type. We investigate then the connection of such structures with the Whitham averaging method and propose the procedure of "averaging" of the weakly nonlocal Symplectic structures. The averaging procedure gives the weakly nonlocal Symplectic Structure of Hydrodynamic Type for the corresponding Whitham system. The procedure gives also the "action variables" corresponding to the wave numbers of $m$-phase solutions of initial system which give the additional conservation laws for the Whitham system.Comment: 64 pages, Late

Approach to the generalized parameters formation of the complex technical systems technical condition using neural network structures

A variant of the generalized parameters process forming of the complex technical systems technical condition is considered. This approach is relevant for modern robotic systems equipped with built-in telemetry tools. The proposed approach to the generalized parameters formation is based on heterogeneous telemetry parameters weighted summation using information about structural and functional relationships in a complex technical system, followed by digital lowfrequency filtering of the weighted summation results. This solution makes it possible to increase the complex technical systems technical condition reliability assessment by the values of generalized parameters in the external control loop. The form of generalized parameter representation in the technical condition gradations, which corresponds to the normal functioning, emergency situations and complex technical system partially operational state, is chosen. A multilevel hierarchical model of the generalized parameters formation of the complex technical systems technical condition on the basis of telemeasurements based on a variety of neural network structures allowing to take into account the nonlinear nature of the parameters being telemetered and the mutual influence between them has been developed. The model uses a variety of digital low-frequency filters that reduce the level of disturbances in the generalized parameters time series. The occurrence of disturbances is associated with the uncertainty of changes in the values of the telemetered and generalized parameters near the tolerance limits set by experts with expanded gradations according to technical condition. Information about the limits of tolerances characterizes not only the situations of regular and non-standard functioning, but also the complex technical systems partially operational state. The results of the generalized parameters formation of the spacecraft onboard system technical condition using multilayer neural networks, Kolmogorov–Gabor polynomials and digital filtering methods are presented. The advantages of using multilayer neural networks and median filters in the developed model are shown. The use of generalized parameters will significantly reduce the information load on the transmission channels of telemetry information as well as the means of its processing and analysis in the external control loop. The proposed solutions based on the basic operations of weighted summation and nonlinear transformation can be effectively implemented on promising vector-matrix and tensor processors that support their execution at the hardware level