INHIBITING EFFECT OF THE MINIMUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MUÑA AND ORIGAN IN COMPARISON WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PULPARAL THERAPY AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis strains. IN VITRO STUDY. LIMA 2014.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto inhibidor de las concentraciones mínimas del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (muña) y Origanum vulgare (orégano) en comparación con sustancias antimicrobianas usadas en la terapia pulpar frente a cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. Para tal efecto se reactivaron los E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) que fueron utilizados en las dos etapas del estudio: 1.- Determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de ambos aceites esenciales. 2.- Determinación del efecto inhibidor de estos aceites esenciales en comparación a sustancias antimicrobianas usadas en la terapia pulpar. En la primera etapa del estudio se encontró que la CMI del aceite esencial de muña fue 10% y aceite esencial de orégano fue 30%. En la segunda etapa, los E. faecalis fueron sembrados en 56 placas petri que contenían el medio de cultivo Mueller Hinton con pozos de 6 mm. de diámetro donde se vertieron 100 ul. de aceite esencial de muña al 100%, aceite esencial de muña al 10% (CMI), aceite esencial de orégano al 100%, aceite esencial de orégano al 30% (CMI), hipoclorito de sodio al 5%, clorhexidina al 2% (gel), clorhexidina al 2% (solución), Calcifar - P ® y Tween 20. Las placas se incubaron a 37°C realizándose la medición de los halos de inhibición con un calibrador vernier o regla pie de rey a las 24 y 48 horas. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas de ANOVA y Tukey. Se concluye que la CMI del aceite esencial de muña y orégano tienen efecto inhibidor frente a E. faecalis a las 24 y 48 horas, sin embargo su efecto es menor que la Clorhexidina al 2% (solución).Tesi

Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis

Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter

INHIBITING EFFECT OF THE MINIMUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF MUÑA AND ORIGAN IN COMPARISON WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PULPARAL THERAPY AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis strains. IN VITRO STUDY. LIMA 2014.

TesisEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto inhibidor de las concentraciones mínimas del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (muña) y Origanum vulgare (orégano) en comparación con sustancias antimicrobianas usadas en la terapia pulpar frente a cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. Para tal efecto se reactivaron los E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) que fueron utilizados en las dos etapas del estudio: 1.- Determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de ambos aceites esenciales. 2.- Determinación del efecto inhibidor de estos aceites esenciales en comparación a sustancias antimicrobianas usadas en la terapia pulpar. En la primera etapa del estudio se encontró que la CMI del aceite esencial de muña fue 10% y aceite esencial de orégano fue 30%. En la segunda etapa, los E. faecalis fueron sembrados en 56 placas petri que contenían el medio de cultivo Mueller Hinton con pozos de 6 mm. de diámetro donde se vertieron 100 ul. de aceite esencial de muña al 100%, aceite esencial de muña al 10% (CMI), aceite esencial de orégano al 100%, aceite esencial de orégano al 30% (CMI), hipoclorito de sodio al 5%, clorhexidina al 2% (gel), clorhexidina al 2% (solución), Calcifar - P ® y Tween 20. Las placas se incubaron a 37°C realizándose la medición de los halos de inhibición con un calibrador vernier o regla pie de rey a las 24 y 48 horas. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizaron las pruebas de ANOVA y Tukey. Se concluye que la CMI del aceite esencial de muña y orégano tienen efecto inhibidor frente a E. faecalis a las 24 y 48 horas, sin embargo su efecto es menor que la Clorhexidina al 2% (solución)

Impacto de la COVID-19 en el consumo de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos en una farmacia satelital

Objective: To determine the consumption of medicines and medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic in the period from 2019 to 2020. Materials and methods: A descriptive research will be carried out, non-experimental design, of a cross-sectional type, with information on the annual consumption of medicines and medical devices in a hospital, technique: documentary analysis, Data collection sheet instrument, it was processed in an Excel. Results: It is observed that the medicines have a p-value of 0.003, which is less than 0.05, and in terms of medical devices, we have a p-value of 0.0001, which is less than 0.05, we can indicate that there was a significant reduction in the consumption of medicines and medical devices for the year 2020 with respect to the year 2019, as can be seen in graphs 1 and 2. Conclusion: We are facing a very complex problem because not having consumed pharmaceutical products generated a stagnation on the stock of some medicines and/or medical devices, in addition to due to the expiration, it produced considerable losses of medicines and/or medical devices.Objetivo: Determinar el consumo de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en el periodo del 2019 al 2020. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación nivel descriptivo, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal, la muestra es el consumo anual de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos de un hospital, Instrumento de recolección de datos. Los datos se procesaron en SPSS versión 22. Resultados: se observa que los medicamentos tiene un p-valor de 0.003 que es menor de 0.05, y en cuanto a los dispositivos médicos tenemos un p-valor de 0.0001que es menor de 0.05, podemos indicar que hubo una reducción significativa en el consumo de medicamentos y dispositivos médicos para el año 2020 con respecto al año 2019 Conclusión: Estamos frente a un problema muy complejo porque el no haber consumido productos farmacéuticos generó un estancamiento sobre el stock de algunos medicamentos y/o dispositivos médicos, además que debido al vencimiento   produjo pérdidas cuantiosas de medicamentos y/o dispositivos médicos

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society