Descontaminación de aguas mediante oxidación avanzada bajo radiación solar: un proceso doblemente sostenible.

Capítulo de libroEste trabajo aborda la problemática de la contaminación orgánica biorrecalcitrante en agua y plantea como solución aplicar tratamientos avanzados de oxidación. Son procesos que utilizan reactivos costosos, tales como el agua oxigenada o el ozono, por lo que su utilización debe restringirse a situaciones en las que los procesos biológicos no sean posibles. Su máximo potencial se alcanza cuando se consiguen integrar con otros tratamientos, como la adsorción o los tratamientos biológicos. Además, dos de ellos se pueden llevar a cabo con radiación solar: fotocatálisis heterogénea y foto-Fenton. En este trabajo también se aborda la descripción de los fotorreactores considerados hoy en día como los más idóneos para estas aplicaciones: captadores parabólicos compuestos (CPC). Se comenta en detalle la metodología para realizar un diseño correcto de un sistema integrado foto-Fenton/biológico para tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales, que minimice los costes del proceso global. Y, por último, se resume la problemática ambiental de los denominados contaminantes “de preocupación emergente” y su tratamiento mediante foto-Fenton en condiciones suaves, al necesitar estos contaminantes condiciones de tratamiento menos exigentes por encontrarse en concentraciones del orden de microgramos por litro.Fil: Malato Rodríguez, Sixto. Plataforma Solar de Almería, España. Email: [email protected]

Descontaminación de aguas mediante oxidación avanzada bajo radiación solar: un proceso doblemente sostenible.

Capítulo de libroEste trabajo aborda la problemática de la contaminación orgánica biorrecalcitrante en agua y plantea como solución aplicar tratamientos avanzados de oxidación. Son procesos que utilizan reactivos costosos, tales como el agua oxigenada o el ozono, por lo que su utilización debe restringirse a situaciones en las que los procesos biológicos no sean posibles. Su máximo potencial se alcanza cuando se consiguen integrar con otros tratamientos, como la adsorción o los tratamientos biológicos. Además, dos de ellos se pueden llevar a cabo con radiación solar: fotocatálisis heterogénea y foto-Fenton. En este trabajo también se aborda la descripción de los fotorreactores considerados hoy en día como los más idóneos para estas aplicaciones: captadores parabólicos compuestos (CPC). Se comenta en detalle la metodología para realizar un diseño correcto de un sistema integrado foto-Fenton/biológico para tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales, que minimice los costes del proceso global. Y, por último, se resume la problemática ambiental de los denominados contaminantes “de preocupación emergente” y su tratamiento mediante foto-Fenton en condiciones suaves, al necesitar estos contaminantes condiciones de tratamiento menos exigentes por encontrarse en concentraciones del orden de microgramos por litro.Fil: Malato Rodríguez, Sixto. Plataforma Solar de Almería, España. Email: [email protected]

More than One Century of History for Photocatalysis, from Past, Present and Future Perspectives

In this review, we analyzed the history and the past and present trends in photocatalysis research, trying to outline possible scenarios for the future in the medium term. The in-depth analysis of the literature reported here—from a mere bibliometric point of view—allowed us to divide the history of photocatalysis into four different periods characterized by different maturity of the topic and different bibliometric features. The turn of the 20th century saw an explosion in scientific production, which is still continuing now and has reached more than 15,000 papers published each year. Research interest is still growing significantly, and the analysis of different keywords suggests that such growth is substantial and not merely due to “publish or perish” behavior. The analysis of the most-investigated topics in the field of photocatalysis highlighted that, during its history, the focus of the research moved from inorganic oxides to carbon and hybrid materials. Concomitantly, the investigation of the “geography” of photocatalysis allowed us to underline its evolution over the years, with the repositioning of its center of mass from the Atlantic Ocean (USA and Europe) to Asia (China and India). Photocatalysis is active as never before but still awaiting major breakthroughs, which would allow a much broader technological and commercial output. Without such breakthroughs in this decade, the growth in scientific interest could level out or even decrease

Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre) concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review

[EN] This revision work focuses on the recent advances in the separation of microcontaminants from urban wastewaters, using ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration membranes. Conventional systems show advantages such as low pressure and fouling, competitive energetic- and maintenance costs compared to reverse osmosis, and higher rejection rates of organic microcontaminants compared to membrane distillation. However, these rejection rates strongly depend on temperature, flow, and pressure, as well as surface charge and concentration, challenging the adequate treatment of more complex matrices. Recent advances in material science strongly improved the implementation possibilities of different membrane types. In conventional industrial processes and especially in wastewater treatment, offering not only cost reducing solutions for urban wastewaters, but also more efficiency for the remediation of a high variety of industrial wastewaters. Moreover, membrane separation systems show great potential and applicability for added value substance recovery from wastewaters for the agricultural, chemical and consumer industry, for more sustainable natural resources use. Finally, perspectives on promising technologies for the implementation and combination of different membrane separation methods in treatment trains, such as advanced oxidation processes, are given, also aiming for zero-liquid discharge, to prevent microcontaminants and valuable resources from passing through conventional methods and focusing on closing the water cycle.This paper is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk¿odowska-Curie grant agreement No 765860. The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), AEI and FEDER for funding under the CalypSol Project (Reference: RTI2018-097997-B-C32 and RTI2018-097997-B-C31). Furthermore, Dennis Deemter would like to give his thanks to the personnel at the Plataforma Solar de Almería.Deemter, D.; Oller, I.; Amat Payá, AM.; Malato, S. (2022). Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre) concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 11:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2022.1002981111

Reactor micromolar fotoquímico

Número de publicación: ES2206017 A1 (01.05.2004) También publicado como: ES2206017 B1 (16.07.2005) Número de Solicitud: Consulta de Expedientes OEPM (C.E.O.)P200200835 (10.04.2002): Reactor micromolar fotoquímico. La aplicación consiste en un sistema que permite irradiar de forma controlada un pequeño volumen de cualquier tipo de sistema químico reactivo (homogéneo o heterogéneo) tanto con lámparas artificiales como con luz solar, disponiendo de espejos calibrados concentradores de la irradiación. El dispositivo dispone de un sistema totalmente automatizado que recoge a través de sensores adecuados diversos parámetros importantes para el control de la reacción en estudio: el tiempo de reacción, la irradiación incidente en función del tiempo y la temperatura. Además permite programar la temperatura en función del tiempo, y la irradiación proveniente de lámparas. Debido a la posibilidad de usar contenedores cerrados adaptables a diversas técnicas analíticas (RMN, UV, IR, Gases- Masas), el equipo permite estudiar reacciones fotoquímicas en tiempo real o muy corto, sin perturbar el medio de reacción y controlando automáticamente todos los parámetros externos que influyen en la reacción.Universidad de Almerí

A Comparison of the Environmental Impact of Different AOPs : Risk Indexes

Today, environmental impact associated with pollution treatment is a matter of great concern. A method is proposed for evaluating environmental risk associated with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) applied to wastewater treatment. The method is based on the type of pollution (wastewater, solids, air or soil) and on materials and energy consumption. An Environmental Risk Index (E), constructed from numerical criteria provided, is presented for environmental comparison of processes and/or operations. The Operation Environmental Risk Index (EOi) for each of the unit operations involved in the process and the Aspects Environmental Risk Index (EAj) for process conditions were also estimated. Relative indexes were calculated to evaluate the risk of each operation (E/NOP) or aspect (E/NAS) involved in the process, and the percentage of the maximum achievable for each operation and aspect was found. A practical application of the method is presented for two AOPs: photo-Fenton and heterogeneous photocatalysis with suspended TiO2 in Solarbox. The results report the environmental risks associated with each process, so that AOPs tested and the operations involved with them can be compared

Assessment of a Novel Photocatalytic TiO2-Zirconia Ultrafiltration Membrane and Combination with Solar Photo-Fenton Tertiary Treatment of Urban Wastewater

[EN] The objective of this study was to assess the combination of a photocatalytic TiO2-coated ZrO2 UF membrane with solar photo-Fenton treatment at circumneutral pH for the filtration and treatment of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. Photocatalytic self-cleaning properties were tested with a UWWTP effluent under irradiation in a solar simulator. Then, both the permeates and retentates from the membrane process were treated using the solar photo-Fenton treatment. The UWWTP effluent was spiked with caffeine (CAF), imidacloprid (IMI), thiacloprid (THI), carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) at an initial concentration of 100 mu g/L each. Retention on the membrane of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. Aeruginosa), a Gram-negative bacterial strain, was tested with and without irradiation. It was demonstrated that filtration of a certain volume of UWWTP effluent in the dark is possible, and the original conditions can then be recovered after illumination. The photocatalytic membrane significantly reduces the turbidity of the UWWTP effluent, significantly increasing the degradation efficiency of the subsequent solar photo-Fenton treatment. The results showed that the membrane allowed consistent retention of P. Aeruginosa at an order of magnitude of 1 x 10(3)-1 x 10(4) CFU/mL.This paper is part of a project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 765860. The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU), AEI and FEDER for funding under the CalypSol Project (Ref: RTI2018-097997-B-C32 and RTI2018-097997-B-C31).Deemter, D.; Bortot Coelho, FE.; Oller, I.; Malato, S.; Amat Payá, AM. (2022). Assessment of a Novel Photocatalytic TiO2-Zirconia Ultrafiltration Membrane and Combination with Solar Photo-Fenton Tertiary Treatment of Urban Wastewater. Catalysts. 12(5):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal1205055211512

A Comparison of the Environmental Impact of Different AOPs: Risk Indexes

Today, environmental impact associated with pollution treatment is a matter of great concern. A method is proposed for evaluating environmental risk associated with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) applied to wastewater treatment. The method is based on the type of pollution (wastewater, solids, air or soil) and on materials and energy consumption. An Environmental Risk Index (E), constructed from numerical criteria provided, is presented for environmental comparison of processes and/or operations. The Operation Environmental Risk Index (EOi) for each of the unit operations involved in the process and the Aspects Environmental Risk Index (EAj) for process conditions were also estimated. Relative indexes were calculated to evaluate the risk of each operation (E/NOP) or aspect (E/NAS) involved in the process, and the percentage of the maximum achievable for each operation and aspect was found. A practical application of the method is presented for two AOPs: photo-Fenton and heterogeneous photocatalysis with suspended TiO2 in Solarbox. The results report the environmental risks associated with each process, so that AOPs tested and the operations involved with them can be compared