Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

Little is known concerning novel interactions between species that typically interact in their native range but, as a consequence of human activity, are also interacting out of their original distribution under new ecological conditions. Objective: We investigate the interaction between the orange tree and wild boar, both of which share Asian origins and have been introduced to the Americas (i.e. the overseas). Methods: Specifically, we assessed whether i) wild boars consume orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits and seeds in orchards adjacent to a remnant of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, ii) the orange seeds are viable after passing through boar’s digestive tract and iii) whether the orange tree may naturalise in the forest remnant assisted by wild boars. Results: Our camera surveys indicated that wild boar was by far the most frequent consumer of orange fruits (40.5 % of camera trap-days). A considerable proportion of sown orange seeds extracted from fresh boar feces emerged seedlings (27.8 %, N = 386) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Further, 37.6 % of sown seeds (N = 500) in the forest remnant emerged seedlings in July 2015; however, after ~4 years (March 2019) only 9 seedlings survived (i.e. 4.8 %, N = 188). Finally, 52 sweet orange seedlings were found during surveys within the forest remnant which is intensively used by wild boars. This study indicates a high potential of boars to act as effective seed dispersers of the sweet orange. However, harsh competition with native vegetation and the incidence of lethal diseases, which quickly kill sweet orange trees under non-agricultural conditions, could seriously limit orange tree establishment in the forest. Conclusions: Our results have important implications not only because the wild boar could be a vector of potential invasive species, but also because they disperse seeds of some native species (e.g. the queen palm, Syagrus romanzofiana) in defaunated forests, where large native seed dispersers are missing; thus, wild boars could exert critical ecological functions lost due to human activityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hadamard Products of Symbolic Powers and Hadamard Fat Grids

In this paper we address the question if, for points P, Q ? P-2, I(P)I-m(*)(Q)(n) = I(P(*)Q)(m+n-1 )and we obtain different results according to the number of zero coordinates in P and Q. Successively, we use our results to define the so called Hadamard fat grids, which are the result of the Hadamard product of two sets of collinear points with given multiplicities. The most important invariants of Hadamard fat grids, as minimal resolution, Waldschmidt constant and resurgence, are then computed

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Usia Remaja Dan Dewasa Muda Tentang Kb Dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Setelah Melahirkan Di Puskesmas Mabapura Kabupaten Halmahera Timur

: The success of family planning programs in Indonesia are caused by several factors, one of which factors knowledge. Purpose: to determine the relationship between knowledge teen age mothers and young adults about birth control with the use of contraceptives after childbirth. Technique: The study used a cross-sectional method, sample selection teen age mothers in total sampling and for mothers of young adults with purposive sampling. The sample of 60 respondents. The independent variable was the knowledge teen age mothers and young adults about birth control. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data analysis using chi-square test with significance level 95% (α 0.05). Results: respondents with the highest yields is age teen mothers (66.7%), secondary education (43.3%), did not use birth control (68.3%), multigravida (53.4%), and lack of knowledge (65 %). The results of the statistical test p value = 1.000> α (0.05), then there is nothing a relationship between mother's knowledge about family planning with the use of contraceptives. Suggestion: It should further improve the quality of the health center in the provision of counseling about contraception, family planning program as well

Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Focus on Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, and Sunitinib.

Many cancer therapies produce toxic side effects whose molecular mechanisms await full elucidation. The most feared and studied side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs is cardiotoxicity. Also, skeletal muscle physiology impairment has been recorded after many chemotherapeutical treatments. However, only doxorubicin has been extensively studied for its side effects on skeletal muscle. Chemotherapeutic-induced adverse side effects are, in many cases, mediated by mitochondrial damage. In particular, trastuzumab and sunitinib toxicity is mainly associated with mitochondria impairment and is mostly reversible. Vice versa, doxorubicin-induced toxicity not only includes mitochondria damage but can also lead to a more robust and extensive cell injury which is often irreversible and lethal. Drugs interfering with mitochondrial functionality determine the depletion of ATP reservoirs and lead to subsequent reversible contractile dysfunction. Mitochondrial damage includes the impairment of the respiratory chain and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent disruption of cellular energetic. In a context of increased stress, AMPK has a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and inhibition of the AMPK pathway is one of the proposed mechanisms possibly mediating mitochondrial toxicity due to chemotherapeutics. Therapies targeting and protecting cell metabolism and energy management might be useful tools in protecting muscular tissues against the toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs

The algebraic Bethe ansatz for open vertex models

We present a unified algebraic Bethe ansatz for open vertex models which are associated with the non-exceptional $A^{(2)}_{2n},A^{(2)}_{2n-1},B^{(1)}_n,C^{(1)}_n,D^{(1)}_{n}$ Lie algebras. By the method, we solve these models with the trivial K matrix and find that our results agree with that obtained by analytical Bethe ansatz. We also solve the $B^{(1)}_n,C^{(1)}_n,D^{(1)}_{n}$ models with some non-trivial diagonal K-matrices (one free parameter case) by the algebraic Bethe ansatz.Comment: Latex, 35 pages, new content and references are added, minor revisions are mad

On the Uq[sl(2)]{\cal{U}}_{q}[sl(2)] Temperley-Lieb reflection matrices

This work concerns the boundary integrability of the spin-s ${\cal{U}}_{q}[sl(2)]$ Temperley-Lieb model. A systematic computation method is used to constructed the solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equations. For $s$ half-integer, a general $2s(s+1)+3/2$ free parameter solution is presented. It turns that for $s$ integer, the general solution has $2s(s+1)+1$ free parameters. Moreover, some particular solutions are discussed.Comment: LaTex 17 page

Effect of thermal treatments on the structure of MoNxOy thin films

Article in PressMoNxOy films were deposited on steel substrates by dc reactive magnetron sputtering. The depositions were carried out from a pure molybdenum target, varying the flow rate of reactive gases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the occurrence of cubic MoNx and hexagonal (d-MoN) phases for the films with high nitrogen flow rates. The increase of oxygen content induces the decrease of the grain size of the molybdenum nitride crystallites. The thermal stability of a set of samples was studied in vacuum, for an annealing time of 1 h, for temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 C in 100 C steps. The results showed that pure molybdenum nitride films changed their structure from a meta-stable cubic MoN to hexagonal d-MoN and cubic g-Mo2N-type structures with increasing annealing temperatures. The samples with molybdenum nitride films evidenced a good thermal stability, but those with molybdenum oxynitride coatings showed a tendency to detach with the increase of the annealing temperature.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCTI/CTM/38086/200

Characteristics of maxillofacial injuries resulting from road traffic accidents – a 5 year review of the case records from Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Katowice, Poland

BACKGROUND: In spite of employing numerous devices improving the safety in motor vehicles, traffic accidents are still among the main reasons of maxillofacial injuries. The maxillofacial injuries remain the serious clinical problem because of the specificity of this anatomical region. The knowledge of etiologic factors and mechanisms of injuries can be helpful in a satisfactory trauma prevention. The aim of this study was to find out the incidence and the pattern of maxillofacial injuries resulting from traffic accidents in the patients treated in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery (Silesian Medical Academy in Katowice, Poland) from January 2001 to December 2005. METHODS: The material consisted of 1024 case records of patients with maxillofacial injuries treated in the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Silesian Medical Academy. The detailed analysis was carried out on the case records of 198 patients in the age of 3 to 68 with maxillofacial injuries resulting from traffic accidents. On the basis of data from a history, examination on admission, consultations and radiological examinations, patients' age and gender, we obtained the information on a pattern of injury and detailed description of an accident (the date and the time of an accident, the role of the patient in an accident). RESULTS: The traffic accidents were the cause of 19,93% maxillofacial injuries in the analyzed period of time. Most of the patients had injuries to the soft tissues of the face (22,21%), followed by tooth and alveolar process injuries (20,71%) and mandibular fractures (18,69%). All the types of injuries were more common in men than in women. The majority of the patients were car drivers followed by car passengers, pedestrians, cyclists and motor cyclists. The peak age of the patients was between 18 to 25 years. The prevalent number of accidents resulting in injuries to this region took place in spring, especially between noon and 4 PM. CONCLUSION: Our results exhibit that road traffic accidents remain among the main reasons of maxillofacial injuries following the traumas resulting from assaults and interpersonal violence. This succession of etiologic factors is in accordance with the data from the most developed countries. The relatively high incidence of injuries resulting from traffic accidents indicates the necessity to reinforce legislation aimed to prevent road traffic crashes and thus to reduce maxillofacial injuries among children and adults

Microfluidic platforms for cell cultures and investigations

This review covers several aspects of microfluidic devices used for culturing and monitoring of both adherent and non-adherent cells, including a multitude of applications. A comparison of available platforms with high throughput analysis, automation capability, interface to sensors and integration, is reported. Aspects, such as operational versatility of the devices, are scrutinized in terms of their analytical efficacy. It is found that due to multi-functionality capability of modern microfluidics, there is big amount of experimental data obtainable from a single device, allowing complex experimental control and efficient data correlation, particularly important when biomedical studies are considered. Hence several examples on cell culture and monitoring are given in this review, including details on design of microfluidic devices with their distinctive technological peculiarities