Jezičko-stilske karakteristike novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja

Predmet ovog rada je jezičko-stilska analiza novinskih vesti i novinskih izveštaja objavljenih u srpskoj dnevnoj štampi. U dosadašnjoj srbističkoj literaturi do sada nije posvećena dovoljna pažnja jezičko-stilskim karakteristikama novinske vesti sa lingvističkog stanovišta. Novinske vesti i izveštaje definišemo kao faktografske novinske žanrove u kojima su koncizno i jasno prezentovane aktuelne informacije koje imaju društveni značaj ili su zanimljive širokoj čitalačkoj publici, s tim što se u izveštaju pored osnovne informacije iznose i dodatne pojedinosti. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje repertoara jezičko-stilskih sredstava u novinskoj vesti i novinskom izveštaju u srpskoj dnevnoj štampi. Takođe, cilj je i ispitivanje interferirajućih i diferencijalnih jezičko-stilskih karakteristika novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja. Analiza je provedena na konkretnom jezičkom materijalu ekscerpiranom iz srpskih dnevnih novina, u vremenskom uzorku dnevne štampe koja izlazi na teritoriji cele Srbije od 2008. do 2015. godine. U okviru strukturalizma, kao odabrane teorijske perspektive istraživački pristup je kvalitativnostilistički. Pošto disertacija pripada oblasti funkcionalne stilistike, kao primarne metode korišćene su funkcionalnostilistička i lingvostilistička metoda. Budući da za predmet proučavanja imamo dva novinska žanra, u radu ćemo koristiti i komparativnostilističku metodu. Kvantitativnostilistička metoda je korišćena u manjoj meri, u vidu metričkih podataka dobijenih deskriptivnom statistikom, koji su korišćeni samo za ilustraciju stilističkih, sintaksičkih i drugih jezičkih istraživanja. U obradi pojedinih problema istraživanje počinje kvantitativno, a završava se kvalitativno sa ciljem da ilustruje i protumači dobijene metričke podatke. Analiza jezičko-stilskih karakteristika novinskih vesti i novinskih izveštaja u radu je provedena izdvajanjem dominantnih karakteristika na različitim nivoima jezičke strukture. U prvom poglavlju rada proučavana je struktura teksta novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja, koju čine naslov, lid, telo novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja. Usled žanrovske specifičnosti i formalne odvojenosti naslova vesti i izveštaja od samog teksta, analiza jezičko-stilskih karakteristika naslova odvojena je od jezičko- stilske analize teksta vesti i izveštaja i obuhvatila je leksičke, sintaksičke i stilističke karakteristike naslova novinskih vesti i novinskih izveštaja. Analiza strukture teksta novinskih vesti i novinskih izveštaja u ispitivanom periodu pokazuje ustaljene izbore leksičkih, sintaksičkih i stilističkih sredstava u naslovima, kao i šematizovanu strukturu teksta novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja, u kojima se ukupnošću verbalnih i neverbalnih sredstava privlači i održava pažnja. U pogledu jezičko-stilskih karakteristika, nema velikih razlika između naslova novinskih vesti i novinskih izveštaja. Analiza izbora leksike, sintaksičke strukture naslova, prenošenja tuđeg govora i upotrebe stilema pokazuje visok stepen automatizacije jezičkih sredstava, ali i određeni stepen inovativnosti u pogledu izbora jezičkih sredstava, koji ima za cilj privlačenje pažnje. Neutralna leksička sredstva čine temeljne karakteristike žanra novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja. U diferencijalne karakteristike novinskog izveštaja spada dekomponovanje imenica, prideva, glagola i brojeva. Provedena analiza je pokazala da u pogledu strukture rečenice, iskazivanja agensa, redosleda rečeničnih konstituenata i prenošenja tuđeg govora, tekst novinske vesti i tekst novinskog izveštaja uz niz interferirajućih karakteristika imaju i diferencijalne karakteristike. U tekstu novinske vesti i novinskog izveštaja u srpskoj dnevnoj štampi stilska oneobičenja nisu česta, a većim brojem primera potvrđeni su jedino ustaljeni izrazi, frazeologizmi, metafora, metonimija, sinegdoha, perifraza i korekcija. Ovo istraživanje predstavlja doprinos novinarskoj stilistici, preciznije rečeno novinskoj stilistici srpskog jezika, a ujedno predstavlja doprinos proučavanju jeziko-stilskih karakteristika neknjiževnih tekstova.The dissertation studies linguistic and stylistic characteristics of newspaper news and press reports published in Serbian daily newspapers. Up to now there have been few studies in Serbian linguistic literature focusing on linguistic and stylistic characteristics of newspaper news from the linguistic standpoint. Newspaper news and press reports are defined as factual newspaper genres which give a concise and clear summary of current events and are of interest to a wider readership, while press reports provide additional information to the basic facts. The study aims to determine the repertoire of linguistic and stylistic means found in Serbian newspaper news and press reports. Moreover, the aim is also to study the interfering and differentiating linguistic and stylistic characteristics of newspaper news and press reports. The analysis was been conducted on concrete linguistic excerpts from Serbian daily newspapers published throughout Serbia from 2008 to 2015. With structuralism as a chosen theoretical framework, the approach of the research is qualitative-stylistic. Since the dissertation belongs to the field of functional stylistics, the primary methods used in the study were functional-stylistic and linguistic-stylistic ones. As the study focuses on two newspaper genres, comparative-stylistic method was uses as well, while qualitative-stylistic method was used to a lesser extent, mainly in the form of metric data obtained through descriptive statistics applied to illustrate stylistic, syntactic, and other linguistic studies. The discussion of some dissertation issues started with a quantitative analysis, and finished with a qualitative analysis as a way of illustrating and discussing the obtained nonmetric data. The analysis of linguistic-stylistic features of newspaper news and press reports was conducted by separating dominant characteristics at different levels of linguistic structure. The first chapter of the dissertation studied the structure of newspaper news and press reports, such as heading, lead, and body of newspaper news and press report. Due to genre specificity and formal distance between the heading of the news and a press report, and the text itself, the analysis of linguistic-stylistic features of titles was presented separately from the text itself, while the analysis of linguistic-stylistic features of the heading was presented separately from the linguistic-stylistic analysis of the text of newspaper news and a press report, involving lexical, syntactic and stylistic characteristics of the heading of newspaper news and a press report. The analysis of texts of newspaper news and press reports in the research period showed common choices of lexical, syntactic and stylistic means in headings, as well as the schematic structure of the text of newspaper news and press reports, used to attract and sustain attention. Regarding linguistic-stylistic features, there were no great differences between headings of newspaper news and press reports. Analysis of choices in the area of lexis, syntactic structure of headings, reported speech, and the use of stylemmas, showed a high level of automatisation of linguistic means, and some innovation in relation to the choice of linguistic means for attracting attention. Neutral linguistic means are the basic features of the newspaper news and press reports genre. Differential characteristics of newspaper news and press reports involve decomposition of nouns, adjectives, verbs and numbers. The analysis indicated that in relation to the sentence structure, expressing agent, word order in reported speech, the text of newspaper news and a press report has both interfering and differentiating characteristics. Uncommon stylistic features are rare in a text of Serbian newspaper news and press reports, while there are ample examples involving only common expressions, phrases, metaphors, metonyms, synecdoche, paraphrase, and correction. The research is a contribution to journalism stylistics, more precisely to the Serbian language newspaper stylistics, and also contributes to the study of linguistic-stylistic characteristics of non-literary texts

FLOTATION KINETICS OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SEDIMENTED FROM SEA WATER

Synthetic sea water has been taken as a referential sample, in which Mg(OH)2 had been sedimented, in order to reduce biological effects and confirm reproducibility of results of the familiar composition sample. The synthetic sea water was prepared according to the scientifically developed procedure. Flotation experiments were performed in the apparatus for flotation under pressure and recoveries of floated Mg(OH)2 were determined depending on the time of flotation. The results obtained on the referential sample of the synthetic water were also tested on the sample of natural sea water and presented comparatively during work. Flotation kinetics is in most cases described by an equation of the first or second degree. However, it was established that flotation kinetics of Mg(OH)2 as chemical sediment with both types of prepared magnesium hydroxide suspension, sedimented in both the synthetic and natural sea water corresponded to the velocity of reaction n = 1.5 degree, which fully corresponds to Horst Morris’s theoretical postulates in the theory of flotation kinetics

FLOTATION KINETICS OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE SEDIMENTED FROM SEA WATER

Synthetic sea water has been taken as a referential sample, in which Mg(OH)2 had been sedimented, in order to reduce biological effects and confirm reproducibility of results of the familiar composition sample. The synthetic sea water was prepared according to the scientifically developed procedure. Flotation experiments were performed in the apparatus for flotation under pressure and recoveries of floated Mg(OH)2 were determined depending on the time of flotation. The results obtained on the referential sample of the synthetic water were also tested on the sample of natural sea water and presented comparatively during work. Flotation kinetics is in most cases described by an equation of the first or second degree. However, it was established that flotation kinetics of Mg(OH)2 as chemical sediment with both types of prepared magnesium hydroxide suspension, sedimented in both the synthetic and natural sea water corresponded to the velocity of reaction n = 1.5 degree, which fully corresponds to Horst Morris’s theoretical postulates in the theory of flotation kinetics

ELECTRODEPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY OF COPPER POWDER PARTICLES OBTAINED AT DIFFERENT CURRENT REGIMES

The effect different deposition regimes (constant and reversing currents), on the powdered copper electrodeposits morphology were investigated. The morphology of electrodeposited copper powder was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of the current amplitude, cathodic to anodic time ratio and period of the current wave are discussed. It is shown that the parameters determining the reversing current wave determine the micro-morphology of the copper powder particles deposited

Seasonal forecasting of green water components and crop yield of summer crops in Serbia and Austria

A probabilistic crop forecast based on ensembles of crop model output estimates, presented here, offers an ensemble of possible realizations and probabilistic forecasts of green water components, crop yield and green water footprints (WFs) on seasonal scales for selected summer crops. The present paper presents results of an ongoing study related to the application of ensemble forecasting concepts in crop production. Seasonal forecasting of crop water use indicators (evapotranspiration (ET), water productivity, green WF) and yield of rainfed summer crops (maize, spring barley and sunflower), was performed using the AquaCrop model and ensemble weather forecast, provided by The European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast. The ensemble of estimates obtained was tested with observation-based simulations to assess the ability of seasonal weather forecasts to ensure that accuracy of the simulation results was the same as for those obtained using observed weather data. Best results are obtained for ensemble forecast for yield, ET, water productivity and green WF for sunflower in Novi Sad (Serbia) and maize in Gross-Enzersdorf (Austria) - average root mean square error (2006-2014) was lt 10% of observation-based values of selected variables. For variables yielding a probability distribution, capacity to reflect the distribution from which their outcomes will be drawn was tested using an Ignorance score. Average Ignorance score, for all locations, crops and variables varied from 1.49 (spring barley ET in Gross-Enzersdorf) to 3.35 (sunflower water productivity in Gross-Enzersdorf)

Maltose-mediated, long-term stabilization of freeze- and spray-dried forms of bovine and porcine hemoglobin

Slaughterhouse blood represents a valuable source of hemoglobin, which can be used in the production of heme-iron based supplements for the prevention/treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. In order to obtain a stable solid-state formulation, the effect of maltose addition (30 %) on the stability and storage of bovine and porcine hemoglobin in powders obtained by spray-and freeze-drying (without maltose: Hb; with maltose: HbM) were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry of spray- and freeze-dried powders indicated satisfying quality of the formulation prepared with maltose on dissolving back into solution. After two-year storage at room temperature (20 +/- 5 degrees C) in solid forms, protected from moisture and light, rehydrated spray- and freeze- dried HbM were red, while Hb were brown. Dynamic light scattering showed the presence of native hemoglobin monomers in rehydrated spray- and freeze- dried HbM, but their agglomerates in Hb samples. UV-Vis spectrophotometry confirmed an absence of significant hemoglobin denaturation and methemoglobin formation in HbM freeze-dried powders. In spray-dried HbM, an increased level of methemoglobin was detected. The results confirmed the stabilizing effect of maltose, and suggested its use in the production of long-term stable solid-state formulations of hemoglobin, along with drying processes optimization

The most common health disorders and welfare of dairy cows and calves

Three farms of dairy cows (A, B and C) were observed for health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves. Farm A is farm with tied system of rearing, with 1100 cows, while farms B and C have 400 and 600 cows kept loose with outdoor pens, respectively. Data regarding welfare criteria of dairy cows (health, feeding, housing and behaviour) were collected and analysed through Protocol of Welfare Quality (2009). Health disorders of dairy cows and suckling calves were collected and statistically analysed by chi-square test (X2 test). Welfare of all of three dairy farms were assessed as acceptable, meaning that provided welfare conditions meet the minimum requirements of animals. Principle of provision of good health was rated as acceptable (≥20 points) on farm A, while on farms with loose system (B and C) overall health rated as excellent (≥80 points). Occurrence rate of reproductive, locomotor, skin and claws disorders and digestive and systemic disorders of dairy cows and calves up to 4 months old were very different between three farms (A, B, C) with X2-values of 2901.71, 252.02, 204.08, 1152.31 and 184.23 respectively; α<0.01). According presented data, it is obvious that the majority health problems were observed in tied system of rearing, on farm A, such as reproductive disorders and mastitis, as well as injuries and bad body score and lame cows. The most serious health problems of the calves were diarrhea and bronchopneumonia of different etiology

Experimental and numerical analyses of an U-bend tube made of an output inter-heater tube after exploitation

One of the important tasks of evaluating the integrity of mechanical process elements and structures is to determine the local mechanical properties. In this paper, experimental and numerical analyses of the mechanical behavior of an output inter-heater tube, made of 12H1MF heat-resistant steel, was performed after 200,000 h of exploitation. During exploitation, the tube was exposed to various mechanisms of damage including gas corrosion. The tube was cut from a pipe system during reparations of a thermal power plant, and then cold-deformed by bending to obtain a U-bend tube, which was then used in the experiment. For this purpose, a specimen holder made of structural steel S235 was specifically designed to test such a sample. The U-bend tube was then exposed to the external compressive load during the experiment. Experimental research was based on the application of the 3D digital image correlation (DIC), while a finite element method (FEM) was applied in numerical simulation performed by using the Abaqus software package. The 3D DIC is an optical and contactless experimental method that allows measurements of displacement fields and deformations of geometrically complex structures. The Aramis system was used for the experimental analysis as well as for verification of the numerical model. During the experiment, the von Mises strain field was measured at the top of the U-bend tube, in the tightening zone, as it represents a critical place for crack initiation and propagation during the work of an inter-heater. Based on the obtained results and a comparative analysis of experimental and numerical values of the von Mises strain field at the U-bend tube, deviation of the model predictions of about 18 % was determined. The FEM predicted smaller values of the von Mises strain field compared to the DIC method. This is the result of an incomplete geometry applied in the model due to deformation that occurred in the bend zone of the U-bend tube, loss of material and the tube surface damage due to the influence of gas corrosion during 200,000 h of exploitation. Experimental analysis has confirmed that the U-bend tube, after 200,000 h of exploitation, can remain in service even if it is damaged due to the effect of gas corrosion.Jedan od važnih zadataka procene integriteta mašinskih elemenata i konstrukcija je određivanje lokalnih mehaničkih svojstava. U ovom radu izvršeno je eksperimentalno i numeričko ispitivanje mehaničkih svojstava cevi, izlaznog međupregrejača pare, izrađenog od toplotnopostojanog čelika 12H1MF, nakon 200.000 h rada. Cev izlaznog međupregrejača pare je isečena iz cevnog sistema tokom remonta termoelektrane, a potom hladno deformisana savijanjem, u cilju dobijanja cevnog luka, za potrebe eksperimenta. Namenski je konstruisan držač za ispitivanje takvog uzorka. Eksperimentalno istraživanje je bazirano na primeni 3D metode korelacije digitalnih slika, dok je metoda konačnih elemenata primenjena u numeričkoj simulaciji. Metoda 3D korelacije digitalnih slika predstavlja optičku i beskontaktnu eksperimentalnu metodu koja omogućava merenje polja pomeranja i deformacija geometrijski kompleksnih struktura. Za eksperimentalnu analizu kao i verifikaciju numeričkog modela korišćen je sistem Aramis, baziran na metodi korelacije digitalnih slika. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata i uporedne analize eksperimentalnih i numeričkih vrednosti, koje se odnose na fon Mizesove deformacije na temenu cevnog luka, javlja se odstupanje od oko 18%. Ovo odstupanje nastaje kao rezultat korišćenih metoda koje imaju bitne razlike u njihovim početnim uslovima ispitivanja