Developing strategic narratives: Designing services as systems

Designing services as systems is increasingly important. Those in healthcare and government don’t have much of a choice. However, envisioning services as systems is a hurdle. The trouble is from commonplace definitions of ‘service’ and ‘system’. But what if they are one and the same? An approach to communicating the designs of services in the form of strategic narratives, involves solving a puzzle to generate the story. The puzzle represents the duality of system and service. The “proof of work” reflects the difficulty in designing services as systems

Analysis of the energy latency trade-off in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) haben im letzten Jahrzehnt eine erhebliche Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Diese Netzwerke zeichnen sich durch begrenzte Energieressourcen der Sensorknoten aus. Daher ist Energieeffizienz ein wichtiges Thema in Systemdesign und -betrieb von WSNs. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf großflächige Anwendungen von WSNs wie Umwelt- oder Lebensraumüberwachung, die in der Regel den Ad-hoc-Einsatz von Knoten in großen Anzahl erfordern. Ad-hoc-Einsatz und Budgetbeschränkungen hindern Entwickler an der Programmierung der Knoten mit zusätzlichen Informationen wie beispielsweise Routingtabellen, Positionskoordinaten, oder Netzwerkgrenzen. Um diese Informationen zu beschaffen, ist es üblich verschiedene Initialisierungsschemen mit erheblichen Auswirkungen auf den Energieverbrauch und den Programmieraufwand zu implementieren. In Anbetracht dieser Beschränkungen ist ein neues Paradigma für die Initialisierung und den Betrieb von WSNs notwendig, das sich durch einfachen Einsatz und minimalen Energieaufwand auszeichnet. In dieser Arbeit nutzen wir Sink-Mobilität, um den Initialisierungsoverhead und den operativen Overhead zu reduzieren. Unser erster großer Beitrag ist ein Boundary Identification Schema für WSNs mit dem Namen "Mobile Sink based Boundary Detection" (MoSBoD). Es nutzt die Sink-Mobilität um den Kommunikationsoverhead der Sensorknoten zu reduzieren, was zu einer Erhöhung der Laufzeit des WSN führt. Außerdem entstehen durch das Schema keine Einschränkungen in Bezug auf Nodeplacement, Kommunikationsmodell, oder Ortsinformationen der Knoten. Der zweite große Beitrag ist das Congestion avoidance low Latency and Energy efficient (CaLEe) Routingprotokoll für WSNs. CaLEe basiert auf der virtuellen Partitionierung eines Sensorsbereich in Sektoren und der diskreten Mobilität der Sink im WSN. Unsere Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass CaLEe, im Vergleich zum derzeitigen State-of-the-art, nicht nur eine erhebliche Reduzierung der durchschnittlichen Energy Dissipation per Node erzielt, sondern auch eine geringere durchschnittliche End-to-End Data Latency in realistischen Szenarien erreicht. Darüber hinaus haben wir festgestellt, dass kein einziges Protokoll in der Lage ist, eine Best-Case-Lösung (minimale Data Latency und minimale Energy Dissipation) für variierende Netzwerkkonfigurationen, die beispielsweise mithilfe der Parameter Kommunikationsbereich der Nodes, Nodedichte, Durchsatz des Sensorfelds definiert werden können, bieten. Daher ist der dritte Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit die Identifikation von (auf unterschiedlichen Netzwerkkonfigurationen basierenden) „Operational Regions“, in denen einzelne Protokolle besser arbeiten als andere. Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, dass diese Dissertation das klassische Energieeffizienzproblem der WSNs (Ressource-begrenzte Knoten) aufgreift und gleichzeitig die End-to-End Data Latency auf einen annehmbaren Rahmen eingrenzt.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained a considerable attention over the last decade. These networks are characterized by limited amount of energy supply at sensor node. Hence, energy efficiency is an important issue in system design and operation of WSN. This thesis focuses on large-scale applications of WSN, such as environment or habitat monitoring that usually requires ad-hoc deployment of the nodes in large numbers. Ad-hoc deployment and budget constraints restrict developers from programming the nodes with information like routing tables, position coordinates of the node, boundary of the network. In order to acquire this information, state-of-the-art is to program nodes with various initialization schemes that are heavy both from WSN’s (energy consumption) and programmer’s perspectives (programming effort). In view of these particular constraints, we require a new paradigm for WSN initialization and operation, which should be easy to deploy and have minimal energy demands. In this thesis, we exploit sink mobility to reduce the WSN initialization and operational overhead. Our first major contribution is a boundary identification scheme for WSN, named “Mobile Sink based Boundary detection” (MoSBoD). It exploits the sink mobility to remove the communication overhead from the sensor nodes, which leads to an increase in the lifetime of the WSN. Furthermore, it does not impose any restrictions on node placement, communication model, or location information of the nodes. The second major contribution is Congestion avoidance low Latency and Energy efficient (CaLEe) routing protocol for WSN. CaLEe is based on virtual partitioning of a sensor field into sectors and discrete mobility of the sink in the WSN. Our simulation results showed that CaLEe not only achieve considerable reduction in average energy dissipation per node compared to current state-of-the-art routing protocols but also accomplish lesser average end-to-end data latency under realistic scenarios. Furthermore, we observe that no single protocol is capable of providing best-case solution (minium data latency and minimum energy dissipation) under varying network configurations, which can be defined using communication range of the nodes, node density, throughput of the sensor field etc. Therefore, the third major contribution of this thesis is the identification of operational regions (based on varying network configurations) where one protocol performs better than the other. In summary, this thesis revisits the classic energy efficiency problem of a WSN (that have resource-limited nodes) while keeping end-to-end data latency under acceptable bounds

Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of Lygodium microphyllum in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Objective: The antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of L. microphyllum were evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods:Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by injecting alloxan through intravenous (i. v) at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. Aqueous extract of L. microphyllum at different doses (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally (orogastric intubation) for 14 d. Blood glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining method were used to examine the pancreatic tissues. Results: At the 14 d interval, fasting blood glucose showed a reduction in serum glucose levels in animals pretreated with L. microphyllum compared with alloxan alone treated group. Oxidative stress was noticed in rat’s pancreatic tissue as evidenced by a significant decrease in glutathione level, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase activities. Malondialdehyde showed a significant increase compared to the normal saline-treated control group. Serum biochemistry and oxidative stress markers were consistent with the pancreatic histopathological studies. Treatment of diabetic rats with L. microphyllum at a dose level of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight leaves extract for 14 d significantly prevented these alterations and attenuated alloxan-induced oxidative stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the antihyperglycemic potential of L. microphyllum might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Thus, it is concluded that L. microphyllum may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress

Grid base classifier in comparison to nonparametric methods in multiclass classification

In this paper, a new method known as Grid Base Classifier was proposed. This method carries the advantages of the two previous methods in order to improve the classification tasks. The problem with the current lazy algorithms is that they learn quickly, but classify very slowly. On the other hand, the eager algorithms classify quickly, but they learn very slowly. The two algorithms were compared, and the proposed algorithm was found to be able to both learn and classify quickly. The method was developed based on the grid structure which was done to create a powerful method for classification. In the current research, the new algorithm was tested and applied to the multiclass classification of two or more categories, which are important for handling problems related to practical classification. The new method was also compared with the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation neural network in the learning stage and the Condensed nearest neighbour in the generalization stage to examine the performance of the model. The results from the artificial and real-world data sets (from UCI Repository) showed that the new method could improve both the efficiency and accuracy of pattern classification

Effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction within 12 hours of symptoms

Background: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease particularly myocardial infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world and its incidence is also on the rise in Pakistan. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and comparison between diabetics and non- diabetics.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Cardiology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from January to June 2019. Total 380 patients of aged 30-70 years either male or female with diagnosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 12 hours of the onset of chest pain were selected. Patients were given thrombolytic therapy with Streptokinase 1.5 MIU over 1 hour and post therapy, efficacy was assessed.Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.37±10.08 years. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 5.99±3.47 years. Duration of chest pain ranged from 1 hour to 12 hours with mean duration of 4.66±2.98 hours. Out of 380 patients of MI, treatment was found effective in 202 (53.2%) patients. Female gender, type of MI, and duration of chest pain were significantly associated with reduced efficacy (p value 0.05) while patients having diabetes had significantly reduced efficacy (p value < 0.001).Conclusions: There is reduced effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in diabetic patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy‐Based Hybrid Power Systems:A Review

The hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy power plants and conventional energy power plants. This integration causes power quality issues including poor settling times and higher transient contents. The main issue of such interconnection is the frequency variations caused in the hybrid power system. Load Frequency Controller (LFC) design ensures the reliable and efficient operation of the power system. The main function of LFC is to maintain the system frequency within safe limits, hence keeping power at a specific range. An LFC should be supported with modern and intelligent control structures for providing the adequate power to the system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of several LFC structures in a diverse configuration of a power system. First of all, an overview of a renewable energy-based power system is provided with a need for the development of LFC. The basic operation was studied in single-area, multi-area and multi-stage power system configurations. Types of controllers developed on different techniques studied with an overview of different control techniques were utilized. The comparative analysis of various controllers and strategies was performed graphically. The future scope of work provided lists the potential areas for conducting further research. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better LFC design in complex power system environments

Pengaruh komunikasi kepala sekolah terhadap profesionalisme guru dan kinerja pegawai di MTs Negeri Kendal

Profesionalisme guru dan kinerja pegawai merupakan faktor penting dalam peningkatan kualitas mutu pendidikan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhinya adalah komunikasi kepala sekolah. Keberhasilan komunikasi kepala sekolah yang ada, diharapkan akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja guru dan pegawai sekolah.. Namun seberapa besar pengaruh komunikasi kepala sekolah terhadap profesionalisme guru dan kinerja pegawai masing-masing perlu diteliti. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa angket. Responden penelitian dipilih terhadap guru dan pegawai di MTs Negeri Kendal yang berjumlah 60 orang. Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara komunikasi kepala sekolah terhadap profesionalisme guru dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 71,7% sisanya 28,3 % kiranya perlu diperhatikan agar komunikasi kepala sekolah yang ada dapat lebih baik sehingga profesionalisme guru dapat meningkat. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara komunikasi kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja pegawai dan memberikan sumbangan sebesar 74,6% sisanya 25,4 % yang dijelaskan oleh administrasi kepegawaian perlu ditambah agar kinerja pegawai sekolah meningkat. Dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru dan kinerja pegawai, maka disarankan baik kepala sekolah maupun guru serta pegawai lebih meningkatkan kepercayaan, keterbukaan, dan saling mengerti, sehingga guru dan pegawai sekolah terjalin komunikasi yang baik dan sehat antara sub kerja yang satu dengan yang lain

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN PERKOSAAN MELALUI REHABILITASI PSIKOSOSIAL DI HUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG SAKSI DAN KORBAN

Tindak pidana pemerkosaan adalah salah satu bentuk kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang merupakan contoh kerentanan posisi perempuan, utamanya terhadap kepentingan seksual laki-laki. Citra seksual perempuan yang telah ditempatkan sebagai obyek seksual laki-laki, ternyata berimplikasi jauh pada kehidupan perempuan, sehingga dia terpaksa harus selalu menghadapi kekerasan, pemaksaan dan penyiksaan fisik serta psikis. Perhatian dan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan korban tindak pidana pemerkosaan baik melalui proses peradilan pidana maupun melalui sarana kepedulian sosial tertentu merupakan bagian mutlak yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam kebijakan hukum pidana dan kebijakan sosial. Perlindungan Hukum itu sendiri diatur dalam Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Dalam prakteknya perlindungan hukum bagi korban pemerkosaan menimbulkan permasalahan berupa, mengenai perlindungan hukum untuk korban pemerkosaan sudah diberikan secara maksimal jika dihubungkan dengan Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban, mengenai upaya perlindungan hukum yang di dapat bagi korban pemerkosaan jika dihubungkan dengan Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Deskriptif Analitis yaitu penelitian dengan menggambarkan secara sistematis, akurat, actual dan menyuluruh mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi korban pemerkosaan melalui rehabilitasi psikososial. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Yuridis Normatif yaitu penelitian terhadap asas asas hukum dilakukan dengan norma norma hukum yang merupakan patokan untuk bertingkah laku. Tahap penelitian yang digunakan yaitu melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara pada UPT P2TP2A Kota Bandung dan Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa, Undang Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam penanganan untuk korban pemerkosaan masih banyak kendala yang dihadapi seperti kesadaran hukum bagi korban untuk melapor karena malu dan akan menjadi aib dikarenakan sosialisasinya masih kurang diberikan kepada masyarakat, fasilitas pendukung sarana dan prasana untuk perlindungan masih belum optimal, keterbatasan sumber daya manusia baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas turut memengaruhi kualitas pemberian perlindungan hukum terhadap korban kejahatan. Bentuk upaya perlindungan hukum yaitu pemberian Restitusi dan Kompensasi, Konseling, Bantuan Medis, Bantuan Hukum. Dan juga selama, setelah, sebelum persidangan untuk korban. Kata Kunci : Perempuan, Korban Pemerkosaan, Perlindungan Huku