Endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Republika Hrvatska bogata je endemičnim vrstama, tako da među njima nalazimo i endemične vrste roda Iris. Njih je prema sadašnjim istraživanjima pet, s tim da su neke vrste strogo endemične, a neke endemične u širem smislu. Strogo endemične su Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić koja je rasprostranjena na obali i otocima srednje Dalmacije i prirodni hibrid Iris x rotschildi Degen koji je zabilježen na jednom lokalitetu na području Velebita. Neke vrste rasprostranjene su na području Hrvatske i u nekim našim susjednim zemljama. To su Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M. koju nalazimo i u Sloveniji, zatim Iris illyrica Tomm. koja je rasprostranjena po obalama sjevernog Jadrana, od Italije do Velebita i Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić koja je rasprostranjena po obalama obalama južnog Jadrana pa sve do Albanije. Neke od tih vrsta vrlo su brojne i nisu ugrožene, dok su neke od njih jako ugrožene zbog devastacije staništa ili su zbog svoje dekorativnosti ugrožene od strane planinara i turista. U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled najvažnijih endemičnih vrsta roda Iris u Hrvatskoj.The Republic of Croatia is rich endemic species, and among them we can find the endemic species of genus. According to the latest research there are five species of which some are strictly endemic, and some are endemic in wider sense. Strictly endemic is Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić which is spread throughout the coast and islands of middle Dalmatia, and natural hybrid Iris x rotscildi Degen which is registered on one locality on Velebit. Some species inhabit the whole territory of Croatia and some of the neighboring countries. In Slovenia we can find Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M., on the north coast of the Adriatic sea from Italy to Velebit Iris illyrica Tomm, and Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić on the south coast of the Adriatic sea all the way to Albania. Some of this species are numerous and are not endangered, while some are very endangered due to habitat devastation. Alpinists and tourists also endanger them by picking. This paper exposes the short overview of the most important endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Acute and chronic side effects of corticosteroids used for treatment of neonatal conditions

Prematurity is a large problem worldwide. Premature infants are at high risk of developing chronic lung disease (CLD). Corticosteroids (CS) have been proven efficient in improving lung function and facilitating weaning of premature infants with CLD from mechanical ventilation. On the other hand, their use has been related to severe short and long-term side effects. Over the years, CS have been widely used in many conditions in premature infants, but after a connection to severe side effects had been established, their use registered a large downfall, creating the perplexity whether to give CS or not. Clinicians may also be confused in deciding which synthetic CS to use and at what time, dose and duration. A difference in activity and side effects between dexamethasone (DEX) and hydrocortisone (HC) should thereby also be considered. This review describes acute and chronic side effects connected to CS and will attempt to shed light on how clinicians can minimize them

Endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Republika Hrvatska bogata je endemičnim vrstama, tako da među njima nalazimo i endemične vrste roda Iris. Njih je prema sadašnjim istraživanjima pet, s tim da su neke vrste strogo endemične, a neke endemične u širem smislu. Strogo endemične su Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić koja je rasprostranjena na obali i otocima srednje Dalmacije i prirodni hibrid Iris x rotschildi Degen koji je zabilježen na jednom lokalitetu na području Velebita. Neke vrste rasprostranjene su na području Hrvatske i u nekim našim susjednim zemljama. To su Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M. koju nalazimo i u Sloveniji, zatim Iris illyrica Tomm. koja je rasprostranjena po obalama sjevernog Jadrana, od Italije do Velebita i Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić koja je rasprostranjena po obalama obalama južnog Jadrana pa sve do Albanije. Neke od tih vrsta vrlo su brojne i nisu ugrožene, dok su neke od njih jako ugrožene zbog devastacije staništa ili su zbog svoje dekorativnosti ugrožene od strane planinara i turista. U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled najvažnijih endemičnih vrsta roda Iris u Hrvatskoj.The Republic of Croatia is rich endemic species, and among them we can find the endemic species of genus. According to the latest research there are five species of which some are strictly endemic, and some are endemic in wider sense. Strictly endemic is Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić which is spread throughout the coast and islands of middle Dalmatia, and natural hybrid Iris x rotscildi Degen which is registered on one locality on Velebit. Some species inhabit the whole territory of Croatia and some of the neighboring countries. In Slovenia we can find Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M., on the north coast of the Adriatic sea from Italy to Velebit Iris illyrica Tomm, and Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić on the south coast of the Adriatic sea all the way to Albania. Some of this species are numerous and are not endangered, while some are very endangered due to habitat devastation. Alpinists and tourists also endanger them by picking. This paper exposes the short overview of the most important endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Republika Hrvatska bogata je endemičnim vrstama, tako da među njima nalazimo i endemične vrste roda Iris. Njih je prema sadašnjim istraživanjima pet, s tim da su neke vrste strogo endemične, a neke endemične u širem smislu. Strogo endemične su Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić koja je rasprostranjena na obali i otocima srednje Dalmacije i prirodni hibrid Iris x rotschildi Degen koji je zabilježen na jednom lokalitetu na području Velebita. Neke vrste rasprostranjene su na području Hrvatske i u nekim našim susjednim zemljama. To su Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M. koju nalazimo i u Sloveniji, zatim Iris illyrica Tomm. koja je rasprostranjena po obalama sjevernog Jadrana, od Italije do Velebita i Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić koja je rasprostranjena po obalama obalama južnog Jadrana pa sve do Albanije. Neke od tih vrsta vrlo su brojne i nisu ugrožene, dok su neke od njih jako ugrožene zbog devastacije staništa ili su zbog svoje dekorativnosti ugrožene od strane planinara i turista. U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled najvažnijih endemičnih vrsta roda Iris u Hrvatskoj.The Republic of Croatia is rich endemic species, and among them we can find the endemic species of genus. According to the latest research there are five species of which some are strictly endemic, and some are endemic in wider sense. Strictly endemic is Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitić which is spread throughout the coast and islands of middle Dalmatia, and natural hybrid Iris x rotscildi Degen which is registered on one locality on Velebit. Some species inhabit the whole territory of Croatia and some of the neighboring countries. In Slovenia we can find Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat M., on the north coast of the Adriatic sea from Italy to Velebit Iris illyrica Tomm, and Iris pseudopallida Trinajstić on the south coast of the Adriatic sea all the way to Albania. Some of this species are numerous and are not endangered, while some are very endangered due to habitat devastation. Alpinists and tourists also endanger them by picking. This paper exposes the short overview of the most important endemic species of Iris genus in Croatia

Small house garden as an object of value landscape preservation in Đakovo town

U često užurbanoj svakidašnjici vrt je mjesto mira i opuštanja u kojem čovjek može pratiti promjene godišnjih doba i osjetiti prirodu. U ovom se radu pokušala skrenuti pozornost na moguće očuvanje krajobraznih vrijednosti u malim kućnim vrtovima grada. U prvom je dijelu rada prikazana povijest grada Đakova, zemljopisni položaj, vodene i šumske površine, struktura stanovništva, a u drugom su dijelu istaknute krajobrazne vrijednosti grada te su terenskim istraživanjem analizirana 2 vrta i prikazan vlastiti projekt zamišljene vodene površine prirodnog tipa – malo kućno jezerce. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno sadašnje stanje, popisani su vrtni elementi i determinirane su hortikulturne biljne vrste.In a rush of an everyday life, a garden is a place of tranquility and relaxation. Men can feel and see changes of nature, there. This paper aims to draw attention to possible preservation of landscape values in the small house gardens. First part of the paper is about the history of the small town called Đakovo, its geographical position, areas covered in forest and water, and its population structure. Second part emphasizes on landscape value of the town. By the field research, two gardens have been analyzed and imaginary personal project of a yard pond is presented. Research shows current state of investigated gardens. Garden elements are inventoried and horticultural flora is determine

Small house garden as an object of value landscape preservation in Đakovo town

U često užurbanoj svakidašnjici vrt je mjesto mira i opuštanja u kojem čovjek može pratiti promjene godišnjih doba i osjetiti prirodu. U ovom se radu pokušala skrenuti pozornost na moguće očuvanje krajobraznih vrijednosti u malim kućnim vrtovima grada. U prvom je dijelu rada prikazana povijest grada Đakova, zemljopisni položaj, vodene i šumske površine, struktura stanovništva, a u drugom su dijelu istaknute krajobrazne vrijednosti grada te su terenskim istraživanjem analizirana 2 vrta i prikazan vlastiti projekt zamišljene vodene površine prirodnog tipa – malo kućno jezerce. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno sadašnje stanje, popisani su vrtni elementi i determinirane su hortikulturne biljne vrste.In a rush of an everyday life, a garden is a place of tranquility and relaxation. Men can feel and see changes of nature, there. This paper aims to draw attention to possible preservation of landscape values in the small house gardens. First part of the paper is about the history of the small town called Đakovo, its geographical position, areas covered in forest and water, and its population structure. Second part emphasizes on landscape value of the town. By the field research, two gardens have been analyzed and imaginary personal project of a yard pond is presented. Research shows current state of investigated gardens. Garden elements are inventoried and horticultural flora is determine

Incidencija tumora središnjega živčanog sustava u bolesnika hospitaliziranih u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Split od 1. siječnja 2004. do 31. prosinca 2013. godine

The aim was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of central nervous system tumors in patients hospitalized at the Department of Neurology, Split University Hospital Centre, during a 10-year period. The study included data on 859 patients with the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Diagnosis was based on the routine CNS neuroimaging methods (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging). Access to patient medical records provided demographic and clinical data, continued by collection of data on potential lethal outcome of patients at the Registrar’s Office. The study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Split University Hospital Centre, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013. There were 448 male and 411 female patients. Median age at the diagnosis was 65 (range, 18-95) years. Primary CNS tumors were diagnosed in 527 patients, including 30 primary recurrent tumors, whereas 328 patients had metastatic tumors; in 4 cases, it was impossible to determine whether the tumor was a primary one or metastasis based on CNS neuroimaging. The primary tumors proved to be more common than the metastatic ones (χ2-test, p<0.05). Multiple tumor transplants were more common than solitary (211 vs. 117; the conclusion was made at a 95% level of confidence; χ2-test, p<0.05). The majority of metastases originated from the lung (bronchus and pleura cancer; 46.41%; χ2-test, p<0.05; 95% CI). The most common localization of CNS tumors was supratentorial. Based on the double-logarithmic model, we proved with sta-tistical significance that there was an increase in the incidence of CNS tumors (p=0.001). The most common tumors studied were supratentorially localized meningiomas.Cilj je bio ispitati incidenciju i značajke tumora središnjega živčanog sustava (SŽS) u bolesnika hospitaliziranih u Klinici za neurologiju Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Split u desetogodišnjem razdoblju. U razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2004. do 31. prosinca 2013. godine u Klinici za neurologiju je bilo hospitalizirano 859 bolesnika s tumorima SŽS. Dijagnoza se temeljila na nalazima slikovnih dijagnostičkih metoda (kompjutorizirana tomografija/magnetska rezonancija mozga). Demografski i klinički podaci su prikupljeni iz povijesti bolesti bolesnika. S ciljem određivanja stope smrtnosti studija je nastavljena i ­prikupljanjem podatka iz Matične knjige umrlih. U promatranom razdoblju ukupno je bilo 448 muškaraca i 411 žena s ­tumorima SŽS. Prosječna dob postavljanja dijagnoze je bila 65 godina. Primarni tumori SŽS su dijagnosticirani u 527 ­bolesnika, uključivo 30 bolesnika s recidivirajućim primarnim tumorima, a 328 bolesnika je imalo metastatske tumore. U 4 bolesnika nije bilo moguće odrediti je li se radilo o primarnom tumoru ili metastazi na temelju neuroradioloških nalaza. Primarni tumori su bili češći od metastatskih (χ2-test, p<0,05). Multiple presadnice su bile češće od solitarnih (211 prema 117, 95% CI; χ2-test, p<0,05). Većina metastaza je bila podrijetlom iz tumora pluća (46,41%; χ2-test, p<0,05; 95% CI). Najčešći su bili supratentorijski lokalizirani tumori SŽS. Primjenom dvostruko-logaritamskog modela pokazali smo da postoji statistički začajan porast incidencije tumora SŽS u ispitivanom razdoblju. Od svih tumora SŽS najčešći su bili suptratentorijski meningeomi

Nanoparticles: Potential for Use to Prevent Infections

One of the major issues related to medical devices and especially urinary stents are infections caused by different strains of bacteria and fungi, mainly in light of the recent rise in microbial resistance to existing antibiotics. Lately, it has been shown that nanomaterials could be superior alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Generally, nanoparticles are used for many applications in the biomedical field primarily due to the ability to adjust and control their physicochemical properties as well as their great reactivity due to the large surface-to-volume ratio. This has led to the formation of a new research field called nanomedicine which can be defined as the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging, observing, prevention, control, and treatment of diseases. For example, coverings or coatings based on nanomaterials are now seen as a promising strategy for preventing or treating biofilms formation on healthcare kits, implants, and medical devices. Toxicity, inappropriate delivery, or degradation of conventionally used drugs for the treatment of infections may be avoided by using nanoparticles without or with encapsulated/immobilized active substances. Most of the materials which are used and examined for the preparation of the nanoparticles with encapsulated/immobilized active substances or smart reactive nanomaterials with antimicrobial effects are polymers, naturally derived antimicrobials, metal-based and non-metallic materials. This chapter provides an overview of the current state and future perspectives of the nanoparticle-based systems based on these materials for prevention, control, or elimination of biofilm-related infections on urinary stents. It also addresses manufacturing conditions indicating the huge potential for the improvement of existing and development of new promising stent solutions

Relativistic DFT calculation and their effect on the accuracy of results

This study explores the significance of density functional theory (DFT) calculations with relativistic effects for two ethylenediaminetetraacetate (edta) type complexes: trans(O5)-[M(eddadp)]- (M = Rh3+, Co3+). Relativistic effects affect the electronic structure of a molecule and, thus, its chemical and spectroscopic properties. With the use of scalar relativistic corrections (SR-ZORA), as implemented in the ADF package, with the B3LYP functional, the TZP basis set and the COSMO solvation model, structural analyses show improved predictions for the geometries of both complexes. In the case of the Rh3+ complex, the differences in metal-ligand bond lengths with and without the relativistic effects were small. In the case of the Co3+ complex, the changes in metal-ligand bond lengths due to the relativistic effects were slightly more pronounced. Compared to experimental values, excitation energies are better when including relativistic corrections, especially for the Rh3+ complex. These results indicate the importance of relativistic DFT calculations for heavy element compounds

Preliminarna ispitivanja efekta bioloških i sintetičkih insekticida na larve velikog kupusara (Pieris brassicae L.)

Control of cabbage pests is oriented towards the use of efficient but high-risk insecticides, some of them being endocrine disruptors. Biopesticides are more environment-friendly, operator-and consumers-safe, but they have low initial toxicity, low efficacy to advanced larval stages, and they require certain knowledge of pest and host biology. In our laboratory experiments we have investigated the effects of formulated synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin (0.3 l/ha) and biological products - formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (2 and 3/ha) and Spinosad (0.1 l/ha) - on large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.) larvae-instars 2, 3, 4 and 5. The effect of insecticides was inversely proportional to larval instars. Btk effect could be improved if tank-mixed with cypermethrin. The mixing of ready-made products allows a reduction 3 and 6 times compared with the recommended dose, still obtaining satisfactory results. Rate of leaf damage was reduced when tank mixtures were used. Use of two products in mixture would be of significance especially for control of advanced late instars late in season, when Btk action alone is insufficient. Spinosad was effective in inducing mortality and reducing leaf damage by all larval instars, therefore we assume that the dose could be reduced. Feeding rate and mortality are equally important parameters when assessing biopesticide efficacy. This strategy should also reduce the possibility of inducing resistance in pest population. It also tends to reduce the residues in commodities and is good solution in production of hygienic and health safe food.Suzbijanje štetočina kupusa orijentisano je na primenu efikasnih ali visoko rizičnih insekticida od kojih su neki i endokrini disruptori. Biopesticidi su manje opasni za životnu sredinu, bezbedniji za operatera i konzumente, ali niže inicijalne toksičnosti i niske efikasnosti na gusenice u kasnim uzrastima i zahtevaju znanje o biologiji štetočine i domaćina. U našim laboratorijskim ispitivanjima uporedili smo efekat sintetskog piretroida cipermetrina (0,3 l/ha) i bioloških preparata na bazi Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) (2 i 3 l/ha) i preparata na bazi spinosada (0,1 l/ha) na gusenice velikog kupusara Pieris brassicae L. u 2, 3, 4. i 5. uzrastu. Efekat preparata je bio obrnuto proporcionalan uzrastu gusenica. Efekat Btk preparata može biti poboljšan mešanjem s preparatom na bazi cipermetrina u smanjenoj količini 3 i 6 puta u odnosu na preporučenu, a da se pritom postignu zadovoljavajući rezultati. Mešanje sintetskog piretroida i biološkog preparata je naročito važno u kasnim uzrasnim razvojnim fazama kada je dejstvo Btk nedovoljno. Biološki preparat na bazi spinpsada je bio vrlo efikasan za larve svih uzrasta, te je pretpostavka da se količina primene može i smanjiti. Primena mešavine intenzivira obustavu ishrane. Intenzitet ishrane i mortalitet su jednako važni parametri u proceni efikanosti biopesticida. Ovakva primena treba da spreči ranu pojavu rezistentnosti štetočina u populaciji, da dovede do smanjenja rezidua u namirnicama i dobro je rešenje u proizvodnji zdravstveno bezbedne hrane