The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Instrumentatio

Plant-wide investigation of sulfur flows in a water resource recovery facility (WRRF)

International audienceEven though sulfur compounds and their transformations may strongly affect wastewater treatment processes,their importance in water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) operation remains quite unexplored, notablywhen it comes to full-scale and plant-wide characterization. This contribution presents afirst-of-a-kind, plant-wide quantification of total sulfur massflows for all water and sludge streams in a full-scale WRRF. Because ofits important impact on (post-treatment) process operation, the gaseous emission of sulfur as hydrogen sulfide(H2S) was also included, thus enabling a comprehensive evaluation of sulfurflows. Data availability and qualitywere optimized by experimental design and data reconciliation, which were applied for thefirst time to total sul-furflows. Total sulfurflows were successfully balanced over individual process treatment units as well as theplant-wide system with only minor variation to their original values, confirming that total sulfur is a conservativequantity. The two-stage anaerobic digestion with intermediate thermal hydrolysis led to a decreased sulfur con-tent of dewatered sludge (by 36%). Higher (gaseous) H2S emissions were observed in the second-stage digester(42% of total emission) than in thefirst one, suggesting an impact of thermal treatment on the production of H2S.While the majority of sulfur massflow from the influent left the plant through the treated effluent (> 95%), thesulfur discharge through dewatered sludge and gaseous emissions are critical. The latter are indeed responsiblefor odour nuisance, lower biogas quality, SO2emissions upon sludge combustion and corrosion effects

Sulfur transformations during two-stage anaerobic digestion and intermediate thermal hydrolysis

International audienc

Approach of dynamic modelling of a hydraulic System

International audienc

O compartilhamento de obras científicas na internet

É de conhecimento geral que os modernos avanços das ciências da tecnologia, na era digital, facilitam a troca de informações e de dados, contribuindo para a disseminação da cultura e para o desenvolvimento da educação e da cidadania e conferindo status e prestígio aos autores. Este estudo propõe a reflexão sobre a mudança do paradigma de um direito autoral concebido no modelo liberal oitocentista, incrustado na Lei Autoral brasileira em vigor e em seu anteprojeto de alteração, que prevê, de forma limitada, o compartilhamento de arquivos de cunho científico no âmbito virtual. Deseja-se, portanto, contribuir para o debate da reforma da Lei n.9.610, de 1998, demonstrando que há mais benefícios do que prejuízos aos autores científicos quando têm suas publicações disseminadas de forma integral e acessível na internet.<br>It is well known that modern advances in science technology in the digital age facilitate the exchange of information and data, contributing to the spread of culture and the development of education and citizenship, conferring status and prestige to the authors. This study proposes a reflection of the paradigm shift from a model conceived in the Copyright nineteenth-century liberal, embedded in Brazilian copyright law in force and in its draft amendment, which provides a limited file sharing as part of a scientific in the virtual field. It is a goal to finally contribute to the debate of the reform of Law No. 9610/98, demonstrating that there are more benefits than harm to scientific authors have their publications disseminated in a comprehensive and accessible on the Internet

Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure

Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013–2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019–2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013–2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013–2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate