MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MEDIA MOBILE LEARNING CSS BERBASIS ANDROID DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII-B SMP Pasundan 6 Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media mobile learning CSS berbasis android dalam pembelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian PTK atau Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan menggunakan desain penelitian John Elliot, dan dilakukan sebanyak 2 siklus yang setiap siklusnya terdapat 2 tindakan. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII-B SMP Pasundan 6 Bandung yang terdiri dari 32 siswa. Perencanaan dari penelitian ini diantaranya pembuatan aplikasi Class of Social Studies atau CSS, menyusun RPP, membuat instrument penelitian, dan membuat tes hasil belajar. Setelah dilakukannya penelitian ini, hasil belajar siswa menjadi meningkat. Hal ini terlihat dari tes hasil belajar yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, pertama pada saat pra penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata sebesar 54, kemudian pada siklus 2 meningkat menjadi 69, dan terakhir rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat lagi menjadi 87. Adapun kendala dari penelitian ini yaitu minimnya siswa yang mempunyai kuota internet untuk mengakses aplikasi CSS ini, selain itu aplikasi ini juga hanya dapat diperbaiki sebanyak satu kali terhitung dari waktu pembuatan. Kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan cara mengingatkan siswa untuk menghemat kuota, agar kuota internet yang dimiliki bisa lebih bermanfaat untuk digunakan dalam keperluan belajar, atau bisa juga sekolah memfasilitasi internet untuk keperluan belajar siswa. Untuk solusi dari kendala selanjutnya yaitu ketika programmer merencanakan untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi, konten dari aplikasi tersebut perlu dipersiapkan secara matang yang tujuannya untuk meminimalisir perbaikan pada aplikasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. ;---This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in social studies learning in class VII-B of junior high school Pasundan 6 Bandung. The purpose of this study is to improve student learning outcomes by using android-based mobile learning media CSS in social study. This research is conducted by using research model of Classroom Action Research which is use John Elliot model, and it is conducted as 2 cycles. The subject of this research is the students of class VII-B of junior high school Pasundan 6 Bandung which consisting of 32 students. The planning of this research include making of Class of Social Studies or CSS application, preparing lesson plan, creating research instrument and learning outcomes test. After this research has been conducted student learning outcomes become increasing. This can be seen from the results of the learning test conducted three times, first, when the pre-study showed an average of 54, then in cycle 2 increased to 69, and the last average student learning outcomes increased again to 87. The obstacles of this research is the lack of students who have internet quota to access this CSS application. On the other hand, this application also can be repaired one time only counted from the time of manufacture. These constraints can be overcome by reminding students to save quotas, so that the internet quota owned can be more useful in learning purposes. In addition, it would be better if the internet is facilitated by the school to students learning. For the solution of the next constraint that is when the programmer plans to create an application, the content of the application needs to be prepared carefully to minimize the improvement of the application. This research uses qualitative and quantitative data analysis

Response of Mouse Lung Air-Blood Barrier to X-Irradiation: Ultrastructural and Stereological Analysis

Male mice of the Balb/c strain were exposed, at an age of three months, to a single dose of 10 or 20 Gy on the right hemithorax. At 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months after exposure, lungs were processed for electron microscopy following a standardized procedure in order to allow stereological analysis. By this method, the arithmetical mean thickness and, the air-blood barrier mean thickness in the lung parenchyma was shown to increase quickly with time by oedemization and fibrinization of the septal space. The ratio endothelium/epithelium surfaces (Sr/SF) gradually decreased by reduction of both surfaces but this was more marked for Si. The endothelium and epithelium were both highly damaged. Quantitative results indicate that damage to the epithelial cells and mainly to type II, appear at the same time as damage to the endothelium. From the time lapse quantitation it is not possible to determine which one plays the predominant role in the radiation pneumonitis. The strong reaction of the basement membrane and mainly of the interstitial cells could play a decisive role in the evolution of the illness

Prognostic implications of mean nuclear diameter in breast cancer.

The mean nuclear diameter of 100 breast cancers was measured on tissue sections, to evaluate its importance for early prognosis. The cases were subdivided into 3 subgroups: small (25.5% of cases), medium (63.3%) and large (11.2%) nuclei. Early recurrence and mortality rates were investigated in each of the categories. Increasing nuclear size was shown to be related to mortality from metastatic disease. However, large-nucleus tumours had an inverse relationship with lymphnode involvement and possibly with recurrence rate. Hence, in our material nuclear size as a sole criterion was not a good indicator of the early behaviour of operable breast cancer

A rare case of tuberculosis-induced hypercalcemia

Laboratory investigations of hypercalcemia involve testing of various biochemical parameters such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-(OH) Vitamin D (25-(OH) VitD), 1,25-(OH)2 Vitamin D3 (calcitriol) and PTH related peptide (PTHrp). We herein present an atypical case of severe hypercalcemia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who has been treated for years by various biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and suddenly presented with general state alteration, oedema and ulceration of her right ankle. We illustrate how tuberculosis (TB) can cause high calcitriol concentration and subsequently lead to potentially severe hypercalcemia. Moreover, we highlight the importance of TB testing and follow-up in patients treated with biological DMARDs

Within-plant distribution of predators on chilli

The within-plant distribution patterns of the predators Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles), Formicidae (ants) and Araneae (spiders) on chilli were traced throughout a crop growing season to formulate the predator sampling unit on chilli plants. The predators were more abundant from main-stem node 0 (main-stem 0 is the uppermost terminal bud) through node 5, due partly to the availability of food sources. As the plant grew, more predators spread out downwards, and their distribution patterns changed parallel to changes in distribution patterns of the prey, their natural enemies and changes in plant morphology due to aging and pest damage. Generally in areas where ants were in abundance, the numbers of other predators were small. Overall this study suggests the selection of zone one (main-stem nodes 0 to 5) as the optimum sampling unit for predators on chilli plants, where the general population proportion per plant for the growing season were 65% for Formicidae, 78% for Coccinellidae and 78% for Araneae

Senescence in vitro and ionising radiations—the human diploid fibroblast model

The influence of ionising radiations on ageing is still controversial. Since Hayflick established the concept that diploid cells have finite lifespan in vitro, human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cultures have been recognised as a potent experimental model for cytogerontological investigations. In this study HDF cultures in phase II were exposed to acute irradiation with either X-rays on fast neutrons. The replicative potentials and labelling indices with [3H]thymidine were measured post irradiation until the cultures ceased growth in phase III. Cell mortality was measured by cloning. The apparent loss in replicative potential of irradiated mass cultures was wholly attributable to the loss of viable clonogenic cells. The current concept of precocious clonal senescence in vitro as a late effect of irradiation in clonogenic survivors is not supported by the present experiments. Instead, our results suggest that exposure to a single dose of ionising radiations either causes total replicative incapacitation (killing) of HDF cells and their progeny early after irradiation or leaves their replicative potentials unperturbed