The Drosophila melanogaster host model

The deleterious and sometimes fatal outcomes of bacterial infectious diseases are the net result of the interactions between the pathogen and the host, and the genetically tractable fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has emerged as a valuable tool for modeling the pathogen–host interactions of a wide variety of bacteria. These studies have revealed that there is a remarkable conservation of bacterial pathogenesis and host defence mechanisms between higher host organisms and Drosophila. This review presents an in-depth discussion of the Drosophila immune response, the Drosophila killing model, and the use of the model to examine bacterial–host interactions. The recent introduction of the Drosophila model into the oral microbiology field is discussed, specifically the use of the model to examine Porphyromonas gingivalis–host interactions, and finally the potential uses of this powerful model system to further elucidate oral bacterial-host interactions are addressed

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Drying of a Compressible Biporous Material

International audienceWe study the consequences of drying on the internal structure of compressible materials containing pores of different sizes, which may be seen as model systems of sponges or wood. With the help of original techniques, we devise biporous media with different relative amounts of small and large pores, and follow the evolution of the liquid fraction simultaneously in each pore type. We show that in a compressible biporous medium with dispersed large pores (i.e., not directly connected) drying induces the homogeneous emptying of the large pores first, due to their compression, along with some compression of the small-pore matrix. In contrast, when the large pores are connected, they successively empty without compression. In both cases, the small pores start or finish to empty in the next stage, and a constant drying rate is observed during most of the time, thanks to liquid films maintaining the contact of the liquid network with the free surface of the sample

INDICE DE MASSE CORPORELLE ET CONDITION PHYSIQUE CHEZ 49 600 COLLÉGIENS ET LYCÉENS DE SIX RÉGIONS FRANÇAISES, 2007-2014

National audienceIntroduction – The lack of physical activity is a major societal challenge. In a context of increasing inactivity, physical fitness represents not only an important health indicator, but also one of the objectives of public, national and European policies targeted at the youngest populations. The aim of this investigation is to study the link between two determinants of health: body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in teenagers. Methods – Physical fitness tests were carried out from 2007 to 2014 in six French regions among 49,631 high school children, aged from 11 to 18 years old. Sprint and endurance speed distributions, as well as the 3 minute shuttle-run sprint test, were assessed by age, sex and BMI through analyzes of variance and density functions. Results – The mean speeds measured in endurance and sprint tests do not vary over time, but progress with age. They are higher in boys. Children with normal BMI have higher mean speeds than overweight or obese ones (p<0.05). Density functions according to speed gradients identify an optimal BMI range for physical fitness. Discussion-Conclusion – Children and adolescents physical fitness varies with sex and age in response to speed distributions during sprint and shuttle-run sprint tests. As with the functions of survival or athletic performance, it changes with BMI as a result of a lack of active muscle mass or excess body fat. A healthy weight in the ideal BMI range allows for an optimal fitness. To simplify its measure, physical fitness (assessed by the speed of movement) can be used as an indicator of the level of physical activity practiced to assess health impacts on large populations.Introduction – La sédentarité devient un enjeu majeur de société. Dans un contexte d'inactivité croissante, la condition physique représente désormais un important déterminant de santé autant qu'un objectif des politiques publiques, nationales et européennes, ciblant en particulier les plus jeunes. L'objectif de notre étude était analyser le lien entre ce déterminant de santé et l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) chez l'adolescent. Méthode – Des tests de condition physique ont été réalisés entre 2007 et 2014 dans six régions de France chez 49 631 collégiens et lycéens âgés de 11 à 18 ans. Les distributions des vitesses de sprint et au test navette de 3 minutes ont été cartographiées par âge, sexe et indice de masse corporelle (IMC) selon des analyses de variance et des fonctions de densité. Résultats – Les vitesses moyennes réalisées au test navette et de sprint ne varient pas au cours de la période, mais progressent avec l'âge. Elles sont plus élevées chez les garçons. Les enfants avec un IMC normal présentent des vitesses de course plus élevées que ceux en surpoids ou obèses (p<0,05). Les fonctions de densité selon les gradients de vitesse permettent d'identifier un intervalle d'IMC optimal pour la condition physique. Discussion-Conclusion – La condition physique des enfants et adolescents, appréciée par les vitesses au test navette et de sprint, varie selon le sexe et l'âge. Comme les fonctions de survie ou de performance athlétique, elle répond de manière asymétrique aux variations d'IMC, selon le manque de masse musculaire active ou l'excès de masse adipeuse. Un poids de forme dans l'intervalle d'IMC normal est associé à une condition physique optimale. Par la simplicité de sa mesure, la condition physique (appréciée par la vitesse de déplacement) peut être utilisée comme indicateur du niveau d'activité physique pratiqué afin d'en évaluer les impacts sanitaires sur de larges populations

INDICE DE MASSE CORPORELLE ET CONDITION PHYSIQUE CHEZ 49 600 COLLÉGIENS ET LYCÉENS DE SIX RÉGIONS FRANÇAISES, 2007-2014

National audienceIntroduction – The lack of physical activity is a major societal challenge. In a context of increasing inactivity, physical fitness represents not only an important health indicator, but also one of the objectives of public, national and European policies targeted at the youngest populations. The aim of this investigation is to study the link between two determinants of health: body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness in teenagers. Methods – Physical fitness tests were carried out from 2007 to 2014 in six French regions among 49,631 high school children, aged from 11 to 18 years old. Sprint and endurance speed distributions, as well as the 3 minute shuttle-run sprint test, were assessed by age, sex and BMI through analyzes of variance and density functions. Results – The mean speeds measured in endurance and sprint tests do not vary over time, but progress with age. They are higher in boys. Children with normal BMI have higher mean speeds than overweight or obese ones (p<0.05). Density functions according to speed gradients identify an optimal BMI range for physical fitness. Discussion-Conclusion – Children and adolescents physical fitness varies with sex and age in response to speed distributions during sprint and shuttle-run sprint tests. As with the functions of survival or athletic performance, it changes with BMI as a result of a lack of active muscle mass or excess body fat. A healthy weight in the ideal BMI range allows for an optimal fitness. To simplify its measure, physical fitness (assessed by the speed of movement) can be used as an indicator of the level of physical activity practiced to assess health impacts on large populations.Introduction – La sédentarité devient un enjeu majeur de société. Dans un contexte d'inactivité croissante, la condition physique représente désormais un important déterminant de santé autant qu'un objectif des politiques publiques, nationales et européennes, ciblant en particulier les plus jeunes. L'objectif de notre étude était analyser le lien entre ce déterminant de santé et l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) chez l'adolescent. Méthode – Des tests de condition physique ont été réalisés entre 2007 et 2014 dans six régions de France chez 49 631 collégiens et lycéens âgés de 11 à 18 ans. Les distributions des vitesses de sprint et au test navette de 3 minutes ont été cartographiées par âge, sexe et indice de masse corporelle (IMC) selon des analyses de variance et des fonctions de densité. Résultats – Les vitesses moyennes réalisées au test navette et de sprint ne varient pas au cours de la période, mais progressent avec l'âge. Elles sont plus élevées chez les garçons. Les enfants avec un IMC normal présentent des vitesses de course plus élevées que ceux en surpoids ou obèses (p<0,05). Les fonctions de densité selon les gradients de vitesse permettent d'identifier un intervalle d'IMC optimal pour la condition physique. Discussion-Conclusion – La condition physique des enfants et adolescents, appréciée par les vitesses au test navette et de sprint, varie selon le sexe et l'âge. Comme les fonctions de survie ou de performance athlétique, elle répond de manière asymétrique aux variations d'IMC, selon le manque de masse musculaire active ou l'excès de masse adipeuse. Un poids de forme dans l'intervalle d'IMC normal est associé à une condition physique optimale. Par la simplicité de sa mesure, la condition physique (appréciée par la vitesse de déplacement) peut être utilisée comme indicateur du niveau d'activité physique pratiqué afin d'en évaluer les impacts sanitaires sur de larges populations

Aerosoltherapy in lung cancer

International audienc

VISTAS DE SANTA CRUZ [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health on a large scale of the general population

International audienceObjective: To analyze the physical fitness level of 31 133 French citizens aged between 8 and 60 years old and represent the performances through a bi-exponential model.Methods: We collected data from 231 events that took place in French regions between 2006 and 2010 and analyzed participation and physical fitness using a simple series of tests. We assessed outcome measures in relation to age and BMI using Spearman Rho, a one way ANOVA and a bi-exponential model.Results: Our major results showed higher performances for men and for subjects with normal BMI at all age groups except for the flexibility test. Body mass index is strongly correlated across all ages with physical fitness p < 0.0001. Those results are in accordance with the literature. Furthermore, through a biexponential model, a mean peak performance was identified at 26.32 years old for men and 22.18 years old for women.Conclusion: Physical fitness assessment using simple tests is applicable on the general population and is correlated to age, BMI and health status. The application of a bi-exponential model offers a global approach to monitor public health

Monitoring fitness levels and detecting implications for health on a large scale of the general population

International audienceObjective: To analyze the physical fitness level of 31 133 French citizens aged between 8 and 60 years old and represent the performances through a bi-exponential model.Methods: We collected data from 231 events that took place in French regions between 2006 and 2010 and analyzed participation and physical fitness using a simple series of tests. We assessed outcome measures in relation to age and BMI using Spearman Rho, a one way ANOVA and a bi-exponential model.Results: Our major results showed higher performances for men and for subjects with normal BMI at all age groups except for the flexibility test. Body mass index is strongly correlated across all ages with physical fitness p < 0.0001. Those results are in accordance with the literature. Furthermore, through a biexponential model, a mean peak performance was identified at 26.32 years old for men and 22.18 years old for women.Conclusion: Physical fitness assessment using simple tests is applicable on the general population and is correlated to age, BMI and health status. The application of a bi-exponential model offers a global approach to monitor public health