Kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule avec hydrocéphalie aiguë : à propos d’un cas: Obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle with acute hydrocephalus: about a case

The obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a rare benign tumor and a neurosurgical emergency. It is at the origin of syndrome of intracranial hypertension or sudden death in case of obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The authors report a case of obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle discovered in the context of intracranial hypertension. Le kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule est une tumeur bénigne rare et constitue une urgence neurochirurgicale. Il peut être à l’origine du syndrome d’hypertension intracrânienne ou de mort subite en cas d’obstruction des foramens de Monro. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule découvert dans un tableau d’hypertension intracrânienne

Mucocèle appendiculaire : A propos de deux observations: Appendicular mucocele: About two observations

The appendix mucocele is a rare pathology, which poses a double problem by its potential malignancy and the risk of peritoneal pseudo-myxoma in case of perforation. The authors report two cases of appendix mucocele in a 61-year-old man and a 58-year-old woman. We found incidentally in imaging an asymptomatic right renal tumor in one observation. La mucocèle appendiculaire est une pathologie rare, qui pose un double problème par sa malignité potentielle et le risque de pseudo-myxome péritonéal en cas de perforation. Les auteurs rapportent deux cas de mucocèle appendiculaire chez un homme de 61 ans et une femme de 58 ans. Il a été retrouvé de manière fortuite en imagerie une tumeur asymptomatique du rein droit dans une observation

Brain Fag Syndrom au Nord-Est Bénin

Introduction : Le Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS), « syndrome de la fatigue du cerveau », est une forme clinique de la dépression liée à la culture en Afrique noire. Il touche deux à quatre élèves/étudiants sur dix. Sa manifestation clinique est bruyante et constitue un handicap pour toute activité intellectuelle. Objectif : Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier le Brain Fag Syndrome chez les élèves de la commune de Parakou en 2016. Méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale dont l’échantillonnage s’est fait par sondage aléatoire en grappes à trois degrés dans neuf (09) établissements secondaires publics et privés de Parakou. La collecte des données a été réalisée grâce à une entrevue individuelle enquêteur-enquêté à l’aide d’un questionnaire comprenant le Brain Fag Syndrome Scale. Elles ont été saisies puis analysées à l’aide du logiciel Epi Info 7 version 1.3.3. Résultats : Au total 919 élèves ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 18,37 ± 2,34 ans avec des extrêmes de 12 ans et 26 ans. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle de 17-19 ans (46,79%). La sex-ratio était de 1,34. La prévalence du Brain Fag Syndrome chez les élèves était de 41,35% avec IC95% = [38,15% ; 44,62%]. Ils courraient 1,6 fois plus de risque de reprendre une classe. Le recours au traitement était observé dans 16,43% des élèves et plus de la moitié (52,32%) s’était adressé à un agent de santé. Les antalgiques ou antiinflammatoires étaient les plus prescrits (25,16%). Un antidépresseur n’était prescrit que dans 3,31% des cas. Une totale guérison sans récidive était observée seulement dans 4,76% des cas. Conclusion : Une proportion non négligeable d’élèves de Parakou souffrait du BFS avec ses répercussions indéniables sur leur rendement scolaire. Une sensibilisation s’impose pour que ceux en difficultés sachent vers qui s’adresser dès les premiers symptômes.   Introduction: Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS) is a clinical form of culture-related depression in Black Africa. It affects 2-4 of every ten pupils/students. Its clinical manifestation is noisy and constitutes a handicap for any intellectual activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate Brain Fag Syndrome in students in the commune of Parakou in 2016. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using three-stage cluster random sampling in nine (09) public and private secondary schools in Parakou. Data were collected by means of an individual interview with the respondent, using a questionnaire including the Brain Fag Syndrome Scale. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info 7 software version 1.3.3. Results: A total of 919 students were included. The mean age was 18.37 ± 2.34 years, with extremes of 12 and 26 years. The most represented age group was 17-19 years (46.79%). The sex ratio was 1.34. The prevalence of Brain Fag Syndrome among students was 41.35% with CI95% = [38.15%; 44.62%]. They were 1.6 times more likely to repeat a class. Treatment was used by 16.43% of pupils, and more than half (52.32%) had consulted a health worker. Analgesics or anti-inflammatories were the most prescribed (25.16%). Antidepressants were prescribed in only 3.31% of cases. Complete recovery without recurrence was observed in only 4.76% of cases. Conclusion: A significant proportion of students in Parakou suffer from BFS, with undeniable repercussions on their school performance. Awareness-raising is essential, so that those in difficulty know where to turn at the first sign of symptoms

L’appendagite aiguë : une étiologie rare à ne pas méconnaître dans les douleurs abdominales: Acute appendagitis: a rare etiology not to be overlooked in abdominal pain

Acute appendagitis is a rare cause of abdominal pain. Its diagnosis is based on medical imaging and its treatment is medical. We report a case of acute appendagitis diagnosed on the abdominal CT scan in the context of epigastralgia. L’appendagite aiguë est une cause rare de douleurs abdominales. Son diagnostic repose sur l’imagerie médicale et son traitement est médical. Nous rapportons un cas d’appendagite aiguë diagnostiquée au scanner abdominal au décours d’une mise au point d’épigastralgies

High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina-Faso, Ghana and Madagascar in 2021: a population-based study

Background The current COVID-19 pandemic affects the entire world population and has serious health, economic and social consequences. Assessing the prevalence of COVID-19 through population-based serological surveys is essential to monitor the progression of the epidemic, especially in African countries where the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear. Methods A two-stage cluster population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey was conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso and in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar and Kumasi, Ghana between February and June 2021. IgG seropositivity was determined in 2,163 households with a specificity improved SARS-CoV-2 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Population seroprevalence was evaluated using a Bayesian logistic regression model that accounted for test performance and age, sex and neighbourhood of the participants. Results Seroprevalence adjusted for test performance and population characteristics were 55.7% [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 49·0; 62·8] in Bobo-Dioulasso, 37·4% [95% CrI 31·3; 43·5] in Ouagadougou, 41·5% [95% CrI 36·5; 47·2] in Fianarantsoa, and 41·2% [95% CrI 34·5; 49·0] in Kumasi. Within the study population, less than 6% of participants performed a test for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection since the onset of the pandemic. Conclusions High exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was found in the surveyed regions albeit below the herd immunity threshold and with a low rate of previous testing for acute infections. Despite the high seroprevalence in our study population, the duration of protection from naturally acquired immunity remains unclear and new virus variants continue to emerge. This highlights the importance of vaccine deployment and continued preventive measures to protect the population at risk

Comparative genomics revealed adaptive admixture in Cryptosporidium hominis in Africa

Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness among African children, and is associated with childhood mortality, malnutrition, cognitive development and growth retardation. Cryptosporidium hominis is the dominant pathogen in Africa, and genotyping at the glycoprotein 60 (gp60) gene has revealed a complex distribution of different subtypes across this continent. However, a comprehensive exploration of the metapopulation structure and evolution based on whole-genome data has yet to be performed. Here, we sequenced and analysed the genomes of 26 C. hominis isolates, representing different gp60 subtypes, collected at rural sites in Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar and Tanzania. Phylogenetic and cluster analyses based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed that isolates predominantly clustered by their country of origin, irrespective of their gp60 subtype. We found a significant isolation-by-distance signature that shows the importance of local transmission, but we also detected evidence of hybridization between isolates of different geographical regions. We identified 37 outlier genes with exceptionally high nucleotide diversity, and this group is significantly enriched for genes encoding extracellular proteins and signal peptides. Furthermore, these genes are found more often than expected in recombinant regions, and they show a distinct signature of positive or balancing selection. We conclude that: (1) the metapopulation structure of C. hominis can only be accurately captured by whole-genome analyses; (2) local anthroponotic transmission underpins the spread of this pathogen in Africa; (3) hybridization occurs between distinct geographical lineages; and (4) genetic introgression provides novel substrate for positive or balancing selection in genes involved in host–parasite coevolution

Rôle de la protéine "Disc Large" dans les cellules de la paroi vasculaire humaine

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Evolution de la résistance de Plasmodium falciparum aux médicaments antipaludiques, principalement en Afrique, selon une approche de génétique des populations

P. falciparum présente une grande diversité génétique lui conférant une capacité d adaptation à l environnement. Ces facteurs sont déterminés principalement par des SNPs touchant des gènes clés du parasite. Deux aspects de la dynamique des facteurs de résistance aux antipaludiques ont été étudiés. Le premier objectif était de déterminer l origine de l allèle dhfr triple mutant (3M) conférant la résistance à la pyriméthamine en Afrique. La diversité moléculaire des allèles dhfr sauvages (WT) et 3M dans une collection de parasites provenant de 11 pays a été analysée. Quatre microsatellites situés autour du gène dhfr ont été étudiés. Les résultats indiquent une grande diversité moléculaire associée aux allèles WT et une faible diversité associée aux allèles 3M. Tous les allèles 3M sont apparentés à un unique allèle mutant ancestral originaire d Asie. Le second objectif était d apporter une preuve que la génétique des populations est un outil performant pour détecter les facteurs de résistance. Sept populations ont été étudiées et, 12 rSNPs situés dans 4 gènes de résistance aux antipaludiques (crt, mdr1, dhfr, dhps), 5 aSNPs dans 2 gènes candidats vaccins (msp1, ama1) et 17 SNPs neutres (nSNPs) ont été choisi. La différenciation génétique au niveau des rSNPs est plus élevée que celle des nSNPs, indiquant une adaptation locale des populations pour les gènes de résistance. Aucune différence n a été observée entre les nSNPs et les aSNPs. Cet outil s est avéré robuste pour détecter des loci soumis à une sélection directionnelle récente. Ces travaux montrent le rôle des migrations et de l adaptation locale dans l évolution de la résistance de P. falciparum aux antipaludiquesPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Arbovirus Epidemiology: The Mystery of Unnoticed Epidemics in Ghana, West Africa

It is evident that all the countries surrounding Ghana have experienced epidemics of key arboviruses of medical importance, such as the recent dengue fever epidemic in Burkina Faso. Therefore, Ghana is considered a ripe zone for epidemics of arboviruses, mainly dengue. Surprisingly, Ghana never experienced the propounded deadly dengue epidemic. Indeed, it is mysterious because the mosquito vectors capable of transmitting the dengue virus, such as Aedes aegypti, were identified in Ghana through entomological investigations. Additionally, cases may be missed, as the diagnostic and surveillance capacities of the country are weak. Therefore, we review the arbovirus situation and outline probable reasons for the epidemic mystery in the country. Most of the recorded cases of arbovirus infections were usually investigated via serology by detecting IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in clinical samples, which is indicative of prior exposure but not an active case. This led to the identification of yellow fever virus and dengue virus as the main circulating arboviruses among the Ghanaian population. However, major yellow fever epidemics were reported for over a decade. It is important to note that the reviewed arboviruses were not frequently detected in the vectors. The data highlight the necessity of strengthening the diagnostics and the need for continuous arbovirus and vector surveillance to provide an early warning system for future arbovirus epidemics

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Humans and Food-Producing Animals in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in humans. This review reports on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance data of Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and food-producing animals in West Africa. A systematic search was carried out in five databases for original articles published between January 2000 and July 2021. Among 791 studies found, 38 original articles from seven (41%) out of the 17 countries in West Africa met the inclusion criteria. For studies conducted in food-producing animals, the overall pooled prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 34% (95% CI: 25–45). The MDR prevalence was 59% (95% CI: 29–84) and half (50%, 13/26) of the animal studies had samples collected from the market. The human studies recorded a lower pooled prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (10%, 95% CI: 6–17), but a considerably higher rate of MDR prevalence (91%; 95% CI: 67–98). The majority (85%, 11/13) of the human studies took place in a hospital. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most common species isolated from both animals and humans. Our findings suggest that Campylobacter spp. is highly prevalent in West Africa. Therefore, improved farm hygiene and ‘One Health’ surveillance systems are needed to reduce transmission