“DYNAMIC TRACKING”, A METHOD FOR SMOOTHING KINEMATIC DATA

One basic problem in biomechanical modelling is the transfer of a real motion to a model. Here the motion of an ice speed skater should be transferred to the alaska 3D MBS man model DYNAMICUS. To find an optimal description for the motion of the man model Dynamic Tracking has been used and investigated. The results show that this method is a useful possibilty to recieve time histories for the inner co-ordinates close to reality

DETC2005-84860 DIFFERENTIAL-GEOMETRIC METHODS IN MULTIBODY DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

ABSTRACT This paper presents a differential-geometric approach to the multibody system dynamics regarded as a point dynamics in a n-dimensional configuration space R n . This configuration space becomes a Riemannian space V n the metric of which is defined by the kinetic energy of the multibody system (MBS). Hence, all concepts and statements of the Riemannian geometry can be used to study the dynamics of MBS. One of the key points is to set up the non-linear Lagrangian motion equations of tree-like MBS as well as of constrained mechanical systems, the perturbed equations of motion, and the motion equations of hybrid MBS in a derivative-free manner. Based on this approach transformation properties can be investigated for application in real-time simulation, control theory, Hamilton mechanics, the construction of first integrals, stability etc. Finally, a general Lyapunov-stable force control law for underactuated systems is given that demonstrates the power of the approach in high-performance sports applications

Quasistatic inflation processes within compliant tubes: Part 2

In former work, a mechanical system was considered that models a segment of a live or artificial worm or a balloon for angioplasty that is placed within a cylindrical rigid or compliant tube (vein). Based on the Principle of Minimal Potential Energy and treated as an optimal control problem with state constraint the authors derived a system of differential equations that describes the statics of the inflation process including the shape of the inflated system and the contact forces between balloon and vein. This Part 2 now presents corresponding simulation results. A short but complete introduction to the theory makes the paper selfconsistent

Observation of incipient particle formation during flame synthesis by tandem differential mobility analysis-mass spectrometry (DMA-MS)

While flame aerosol reactor (FLAR) synthesis of nanoparticles is widely used to produce a range of nano-materials, incipient particle formation by nucleation and vapor condensation is not well understood. This gap in our knowledge of incipient particle formation is caused by limitations in instruments, where, during measurements, the high diffusivity of sub 3 nm particles significantly affects resolution and transport loss. This work used a high resolution differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an atmospheric pressure interface-mass spectrometer (APi-TOF) to observe incipient particle formation during flame synthesis. By tandemly applying these two instruments, differential mobility analysis-mass spectrometry (DMA-MS) measured the size and mass of the incipient particles simultaneously, and the effective density of the sub 3 nm particles was estimated. The APi-TOF further provided the chemical compositions of the detected particles based on highly accurate masses and isotope distributions. This study investigated the incipient particle formation in flames with and without the addition of synthesis precursors. Results from FLAR using two types of precursors including tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) are presented. The effect of the precursor feed rates on incipient particle growth was also investigated. (C) 2016 by The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peer reviewe

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