Prefix-Tuning Based Unsupervised Text Style Transfer

Unsupervised text style transfer aims at training a generative model that can alter the style of the input sentence while preserving its content without using any parallel data. In this paper, we employ powerful pre-trained large language models and present a new prefix-tuning-based method for unsupervised text style transfer. We construct three different kinds of prefixes, i.e., \textit{shared prefix, style prefix}, and \textit{content prefix}, to encode task-specific information, target style, and the content information of the input sentence, respectively. Compared to embeddings used by previous works, the proposed prefixes can provide richer information for the model. Furthermore, we adopt a recursive way of using language models in the process of style transfer. This strategy provides a more effective way for the interactions between the input sentence and GPT-2, helps the model construct more informative prefixes, and thus, helps improve the performance. Evaluations on the well-known datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines. Results, analysis of ablation studies, and subjective evaluations from humans are also provided for a deeper understanding of the proposed method

A CrC^{r} Closing Lemma for a Class of Symplectic Diffeomorphisms

We prove a $C^r$ closing lemma for a class of partially hyperbolic symplectic diffeomorphisms. We show that for a generic $C^r$ symplectic diffeomorphism, $r =1, 2, ...,$, with two dimensional center and close to a product map, the set of all periodic points is dense

Shear wave pulse compression for dynamic elastography using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Assessing the biomechanical properties of soft tissue provides clinically valuable information to supplement conventional structural imaging. In the previous studies, we introduced a dynamic elastography technique based on phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to characterize submillimetric structures such as skin layers or ocular tissues. Here, we propose to implement a pulse compression technique for shear wave elastography. We performed shear wave pulse compression in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Using a mechanical actuator to generate broadband frequency-modulated vibrations (1 to 5 kHz), induced displacements were detected at an equivalent frame rate of 47 kHz using a PhS-OCT. The recorded signal was digitally compressed to a broadband pulse. Stiffness maps were then reconstructed from spatially localized estimates of the local shear wave speed. We demonstrate that a simple pulse compression scheme can increase shear wave detection signal-to-noise ratio ([Formula: see text] gain) and reduce artifacts in reconstructing stiffness maps of heterogeneous media

Primary Effusion Lymphoma: A Clinicopathological Study of 70 Cases

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare type of large B-cell lymphoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection. Patients with PEL usually present with an effusion, but occasionally with an extracavitary mass. In this study, we reported a cohort of 70 patients with PEL: 67 men and 3 women with a median age of 46 years (range 26-91). Of these, 56 (80%) patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, eight were HIV-negative, and six had unknown HIV status. Nineteen (27%) patients had Kaposi sarcoma. Thirty-five (50%) patients presented with effusion only, 27 (39%) had an extracavitary mass or masses only, and eight (11%) had both effusion and extracavitary disease. The lymphoma cells showed plasmablastic, immunoblastic, or anaplastic morphology. All 70 (100%) cases were positive for HHV8. Compared with effusion-only PEL, patients with extracavitary-only PEL were younger (median age, 42 vs. 52 years, p = 0.001), more likely to be HIV-positive (88.9% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.06) and EBV-positive (76.9% vs. 51.9%, p = 0.06), and less often positive for CD45 (69.2% vs. 96.2%, p = 0.01), EMA (26.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.0005), and CD30 (60% vs. 81.5%, p = 0.09). Of 52 (50%) patients with clinical follow-up, 26 died after a median follow-up time of 40.0 months (range 0-96), and the median overall survival was 42.5 months. The median OS for patients with effusion-only and with extracavitary-only PEL were 30.0 and 37.9 months, respectively (p = 0.34), and patients with extracavitary-only PEL had a lower mortality rate at the time of last follow-up (35% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.07). The median OS for HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were 42.5 and 6.8 months, respectively (p = 0.57), and they had a similar mortality rate of 50% at last follow-up. In conclusion, patients presenting with effusion-only versus extracavitary-only disease are associated with different clinicopathologic features. PEL is an aggressive lymphoma with a poor prognosis, regardless of extracavitary presentation or HIV status

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

A developed wedge fixtures assisted high precision TEM samples pre-thinning method: Towards the batch lamella preparation

Ion milling, wedge cutting or polishing, and focused ion beam (FIB) milling are widely-used techniques for the transmission electron microscope (TEM) sample preparation. Especially, the FIB milling provides a site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials in the micrometer and nanometer scale. However, the cost of FIB tools has been always a significant concern. Since it is inevitable to use the FIB technique, the improvement of efficiency is a key point. Traditional TEM sample preparation with FIB was routinely implemented on a single sample each time. Aiming at cost efficiency, a new pre-thinning technique for batch sample preparation was developed in this paper. The present proposal combines the sample preparation techniques with multi-samples thinning, cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wedge cutting, FIB and other sample pre-thinning techniques. The new pre-thinning technique is to prepare an edge TEM sample on a grinding and polishing fixture with a slant surface. The thickness of the wedges sample can be measured to 1∼2 μm under optical microscope. Therefore, this fixture is superior to the traditional optical method of estimating the membrane thickness. Moreover, by utilizing a multi-sample holding fixture, more samples can be pre-thinned simultaneously, which significantly improved the productivity of TEM sample preparation

Hierarchical Sea-Land Segmentation for Panchromatic Remote Sensing Imagery

Automatic sea-land segmentation is an essential and challenging field for the practical use of panchromatic satellite imagery. Owing to the temporal variations as well as the complex and inconsistent intensity contrast in both land and sea areas, it is difficult to generate an accurate segmentation result by using the conventional thresholding methods. Additionally, the freely available digital elevation model (DEM) also difficultly meets the requirements of high-resolution data for practical usage, because of the low precision and high memory storage costs for the processing systems. In this case, we proposed a fully automatic sea-land segmentation approach for practical use with a hierarchical coarse-to-fine procedure. We compared our method with other state-of-the-art methods with real images under complex backgrounds and conducted quantitative comparisons. The experimental results show that our method outperforms all other methods and proved being computationally efficient

Shear wave elastography using amplitude-modulated acoustic radiation force and phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography

Investigating the elasticity of ocular tissue (cornea and intraocular lens) could help the understanding and management of pathologies related to biomechanical deficiency. In previous studies, we introduced a setup based on optical coherence tomography for shear wave elastography (SWE) with high resolution and high sensitivity. SWE determines tissue stiffness from the propagation speed of shear waves launched within tissue. We proposed acoustic radiation force to remotely induce shear waves by focusing an ultrasound (US) beam in tissue, similar to several elastography techniques. Minimizing the maximum US pressure is essential in ophthalmology for safety reasons. For this purpose, we propose a pulse compression approach. It utilizes coded US emissions to generate shear waves where the energy is spread over a long emission, and then numerically compressed into a short, localized, and high-energy pulse. We used a 7.5-MHz single-element focused transducer driven by coded excitations where the amplitude is modulated by a linear frequency-swept square wave (1 to 7 kHz). An inverse filter approach was used for compression. We demonstrate the feasibility of performing shear wave elastography measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms at low US pressures (mechanical index [Formula: see text])