58 research outputs found
In vitro oslobaÄanje hidrofilnih i hidrofobnih ljekovitih tvari iz liposomskih disperzija i gelova
A method for determining the rate of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug entities release from different types of liposomal dispersions and gels using a dialysis method is described. Dibucaine base and 5-fluorouracil were used as model drugs for a hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug, respectively. A dialysis technique was employed. Release rates were affected by the rate of rotation of the paddles of the tablet dissolution tester, temperature, and volume of release medium. The method was used to evaluate the in vitro drug release from hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug entities from liposomal dispersions and gels. The in vitro release study of dibucaine base showed no burst effect, while the in vitro release study of 5-fluorouracil showed a clear burst effect with an initial fast release phase followed by a sustained release phase.Opisana je metoda za odreÄivanje brzine oslobaÄanja hidrofilnih i hidrofobnih ljekovitih tvari iz razliÄitih vrsta liposomskih disperzija i gelova koristeÄi dijalizu. Dibukain baza i 5-fluorouracil upotrebljeni su kao modeli hidrofobnog, odnosno hidrofilnog lijeka. Na brzinu oslobaÄanja utjecala je brzina rotacije lopatica u aparatu u koje je pokus izvoÄen, temperatura i volumem medija za oslobaÄanje. Metoda je upotrebljena in vitro praÄenje oslobaÄanja ljekovite tvari iz liposomskih disperzija i gelova. In vitro oslobaÄanje dibukain baze ne pokazuje uÄinak naglog oslobaÄanja, a 5-fluorouracila pokazuje, s brzim inicijalnim oslobaÄanjem iza kojeg slijedi usporeno oslobaÄanje
In vitro oslobaÄanje hidrofilnih i hidrofobnih ljekovitih tvari iz liposomskih disperzija i gelova
A method for determining the rate of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug entities release from different types of liposomal dispersions and gels using a dialysis method is described. Dibucaine base and 5-fluorouracil were used as model drugs for a hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug, respectively. A dialysis technique was employed. Release rates were affected by the rate of rotation of the paddles of the tablet dissolution tester, temperature, and volume of release medium. The method was used to evaluate the in vitro drug release from hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug entities from liposomal dispersions and gels. The in vitro release study of dibucaine base showed no burst effect, while the in vitro release study of 5-fluorouracil showed a clear burst effect with an initial fast release phase followed by a sustained release phase.Opisana je metoda za odreÄivanje brzine oslobaÄanja hidrofilnih i hidrofobnih ljekovitih tvari iz razliÄitih vrsta liposomskih disperzija i gelova koristeÄi dijalizu. Dibukain baza i 5-fluorouracil upotrebljeni su kao modeli hidrofobnog, odnosno hidrofilnog lijeka. Na brzinu oslobaÄanja utjecala je brzina rotacije lopatica u aparatu u koje je pokus izvoÄen, temperatura i volumem medija za oslobaÄanje. Metoda je upotrebljena in vitro praÄenje oslobaÄanja ljekovite tvari iz liposomskih disperzija i gelova. In vitro oslobaÄanje dibukain baze ne pokazuje uÄinak naglog oslobaÄanja, a 5-fluorouracila pokazuje, s brzim inicijalnim oslobaÄanjem iza kojeg slijedi usporeno oslobaÄanje
Laparoscopic Splenectomy Alone for Sickle Cell Disease : Account of 50 paediatric cases
Objectives: In Oman, the most frequent indication for a splenectomy in children is sickle cell disease (SCD), which is one of the most common haematological disorders in the Gulf region. This study aimed to describe paediatric laparoscopic splenectomies alone for SCD at a tertiary hospital in Oman. Methods: This study was conducted between February 2010 and October 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman. The medical records of all children aged â€15 years old undergoing splenectomies during the study period were reviewed. Results: A total of 71 children underwent laparoscopic splenectomies during the study period; of these, 50 children (28 male and 22 female) underwent laparoscopic splenectomies alone for SCD. The childrenâs weight ranged between 11â43 kg. The most common indication for a splenectomy was a recurrent splenic sequestration crisis (92%). Surgically removed spleens weighed between 155â1,200 g and measured between 9â22 cm. Operative times ranged between 66â204 minutes and intraoperative blood loss ranged between 10â800 mL. One patient required conversion to an open splenectomy. Postoperative complications were noted in only four patients. The median hospital stay duration was three days. Conclusion: Among this cohort, the mean operating time was comparable to that reported in the international literature. In addition, rates of conversion and postoperative complications were very low. These findings indicate that a laparoscopic splenectomy alone in paediatric patients with SCD is a feasible option
Simvastatin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats
Simvastatin is a lipid-lowering agent used to treat hypercholesterolemia and
to reduce the risk of heart disease. This study scrutinized the beneficial
effects of simvastatin on experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), pointing
to the role of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and both
control and diabetic rats received simvastatin for 90 days. Diabetic rats
showed significant cardiac hypertrophy, body weight loss, hyperglycemia, and
hyperlipidemia. Serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and troponin I showed a
significant increase in diabetic rats. Simvastatin significantly improved body
weight, attenuated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and ameliorated CK-MB and
troponin I. Simvastatin prevented histological alterations and deposition of
collagen in the heart of diabetic animals. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide
were increased in the heart of diabetic rats whereas antioxidant defenses were
decreased. These alterations were significantly reversed by simvastatin. In
addition, simvastatin decreased serum inflammatory mediators and expression of
NF-ÎșB in the diabetic heart. Cardiac caspase-3 was increased in the diabetic
heart and decreased following treatment with simvastatin. In conclusion, our
results suggest that simvastatin alleviates DCM by attenuating hyperglycemia
/hyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
Cigarettes' use and capabilities-opportunities-motivation-for-behavior model:a multi-country survey of adolescents and young adults
The use of cigarettes among adolescents and young adults (AYA) is an important issue. This study assessed the association between regular and electronic-cigarettes use among AYA and factors of the Capability-Motivation-Opportunity-for-Behavior-change (COM-B) model. A multi-country survey was conducted between August-2020 and January-2021, Data was collected using the Global-Youth-Tobacco-Survey and Generalized-Anxiety-Disorder-7-item-scale. Multi-level logistic-regression-models were used. Use of regular and electronic-cigarettes were dependent variables. The explanatory variables were capability-factors (COVID-19 status, general anxiety), motivation-factors (attitude score) and opportunity-factors (country-level affordability scores, tobacco promotion-bans, and smoke free-zones) controlling for age and sex. Responses of 6,989-participants from 25-countries were used. Those who reported that they were infected with COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of electronic-cigarettes use (AOR = 1.81, P = 0.02). Normal or mild levels of general anxiety and negative attitudes toward smoking were associated with significantly lower odds of using regular-cigarettes (AOR = 0.34, 0.52, and 0.75, P < 0.001) and electronic-cigarettes (AOR = 0.28, 0.45, and 0.78, P < 0.001). Higher affordability-score was associated with lower odds of using electronic-cigarettes (AOR = 0.90, P = 0.004). Country-level-smoking-control policies and regulations need to focus on reducing cigarette affordability. Capability, motivation and opportunity factors of the COM-B model were associated with using regular or electronic cigarettes
Anxiety among adolescents and young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country survey
(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries. Dependent-variables included general-anxiety level, and independent-variables included medical problems, COVID-19 infection, age, sex, education, and country-income-level and region. A multilevel-multinomial-logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between dependent, and independent-variables. (3) Results: Of the 6989 respondents, 2964 (42.4%) had normal-anxiety, and 2621 (37.5%), 900 (12.9%) and 504 (7.2%) had mild, moderate and severe-anxiety, respectively. Participants from the African region (AFR) had lower odds of mild, moderate and severe than normal-anxiety compared to those from the Eastern-Mediterranean-region (EMR). Also, participants from lower-middle-income-countries (LMICs) had higher odds of mild and moderate than normal-anxiety compared to those from low-income-countries (LICs). Females, older-adolescents, with medical-problems, suspected-but-not-tested-for-COVID-19, and those with friends/family-infected with COVID-19 had significantly greater odds of different anxiety-levels. (4) Conclusions: One-in-five AYA had moderate to severe-anxiety during the COVID-19-pandemic. There were differences in anxiety-levels among AYAs by region and income-level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions based on nationally-identified priorities
A multi-country study on the impact of sex and age on oral features of COVID-19 infection in adolescents and young adults
Background: Oral diseases are features of COVID-19 infection. There is, however, little known about oral diseases associated with COVID-19 in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess oral lesionsâ association with COVID-19 infection in AYA; and to identify if sex and age will modify these associations. Methodology: Data was collected for this cross-sectional study between August 2020 and January 2021 from 11-to-23 years old participants in 43-countries using an electronic validated questionnaire developed in five languages. Data collected included information on the dependent variables (the presence of oral conditions- gingival inflammation, dry mouth, change in taste and oral ulcers), independent variable (COVID-19 infection) and confounders (age, sex, history of medical problems and parentsâ educational level). Multilevel binary logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: Complete data were available for 7164 AYA, with 7.5% reporting a history of COVID-19 infection. A significantly higher percentage of participants with a history of COVID-19 infection than those without COVID-19 infection reported having dry mouth (10.6% vs 7.3%, AOR = 1.31) and taste changes (11.1% vs 2.7%, AOR = 4.11). There was a significant effect modification in the association between COVID-19 infection and the presence of dry mouth and change in taste by age and sex (P = 0.02 and < 0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection was associated with dry mouth and change in taste among AYA and the strength of this association differed by age and sex. These oral conditions may help serve as an index for suspicion of COVID-19 infection in AYA
Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine for the prevention of âSurgical Site âInfections: A review.â
BackgroundSurgical Site Infections (SSIs) are the third most frequently reported health care-associated âinfectionâ and it remain a major clinical problem despite improvements in prevention, as they âare associated with âsignificant mortality and morbidity. Prevention strategies for SSIs are based âon reducing the risk of infection by bacteria, So many antiseptic agents are âused, the most âcommon one are Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine.âAimsTo discuss the âfindings of RCTs that compare Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine in the prevention of âSurgical âSite âInfections (SSIs).âMethods This systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that âexamining randomized trials of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine to summarize the major âRCT that compare Chlorhexidine versus Povidone-Iodine in the prevention of Surgical Site âInfections (SSIs).âResults The review included six randomized studies that compare between Chlorhexidine and Povidone-âIodine for the prevention of SSIs. The findings showed that many studies prefer using âChlorhexidine over Povidine-Iodine to reduce SSIs, few studies prefer using PVI as antiseptic âand other studies reported that there is no significant difference between both. ConclusionMajority of results prefer using Chlorhexidine than Povidone-Iodineâ as antiseptics but âthere were few findings prefer âPVI and other studies reported that there was no significant âdifference between using them as âantiseptics.
Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990â2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Moradi-Lakeh M, Forouzanfar MH, Vollset SE, et al. Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990â2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2017;76(8):annrheumdis-2016-210146
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