The Role of Management Behavior in Agricultural Cooperatives: Discussion

Agribusiness,

Top Quark Spin Polarization in ep Collision

We discuss the degree of spin polarization of single top quarks produced via $Wg$ fusion process in $ep$ collision at TESLA+HERAp and CLIC+LHC energies $\sqrt{s}=1.6$ and 5.3 TeV. For $eb \to t \bar{\nu}$ subprocess we show that the top quark spin is completely polarized when the spin basis is chosen in the direction of the incoming positron beam in the rest frame of top quark. A description on how to combine the cross sections of $e^{+}b\to t\bar{\nu}$ and $e^{+}g\to t\bar{b}\bar{\nu}$ processes is given. $e^{+}$-beam direction is taken to be the favorite top quark spin decomposition axis in its rest frame and it is found to be comparable with the ones in $pp$ collision. It is argued that theoretical simplicity and experimental clearness are the advantage of $ep$ collision.Comment: Revised version of Phys. Rev. D69 (2004)03401

A compact representation of the 2 photon 3 gluon amplitude

A compact representation of the loop amplitude gamma gamma ggg -> 0 is presented. The result has been obtained by using helicity methods and sorting with respect to an irreducible function basis. We show how to convert spinor representations into a field strength representation of the amplitude. The amplitude defines a background contribution for Higgs boson searches at the LHC in the channel H -> gamma gamma + jet which was earlier extracted indirectly from the one-loop representation of the 5-gluon amplitude.Comment: 15 pages Latex, 6 eps files included, revised versio

Recursive numerical calculus of one-loop tensor integrals

A numerical approach to compute tensor integrals in one-loop calculations is presented. The algorithm is based on a recursion relation which allows to express high rank tensor integrals as a function of lower rank ones. At each level of iteration only inverse square roots of Gram determinants appear. For the phase-space regions where Gram determinants are so small that numerical problems are expected, we give general prescriptions on how to construct reliable approximations to the exact result without performing Taylor expansions. Working in 4+epsilon dimensions does not require an analytic separation of ultraviolet and infrared/collinear divergences, and, apart from trivial integrals that we compute explicitly, no additional ones besides the standard set of scalar one-loop integrals are needed.Comment: Typo corrected in formula 79. 22 pages, Latex, 1 figure, uses axodraw.st

Multigluon Helicity Amplitudes Involving a Quark Loop

We apply the solution to the recursion relation for the double-off-shell quark current to the problem of computing one loop amplitudes with an arbitrary number of gluons. We are able to compute amplitudes for photon-gluon scattering, electron-positron annihilation to gluons, and gluon-gluon scattering via a quark loop in the case of like-helicity gluons. In addition, we present the result for the one-loop gluon-gluon scattering amplitude when one of the gluons has opposite helicity from the others.Comment: 31 pages (RevTeX) + 2 uuencoded figures (included), Fermilab-Pub-93/389-

Numerical integration of one-loop Feynman diagrams for N-photon amplitudes

In the calculation of cross sections for infrared-safe observables in high energy collisions at next-to-leading order, one approach is to perform all of the integrations, including the virtual loop integration numerically. One would use a subtraction scheme that removes infrared and collinear divergences from the integrand in a style similar to that used for real emission graphs. Then one would perform the loop integration by Monte Carlo integration along with the integrations over final state momenta. In this paper, we have explored how one can perform the numerical integration. We have studied the N-photon scattering amplitude with a massless electron loop in order to have a case with a singular integrand that is not, however, so singular as to require the subtractions. We report results for N = 4, N = 5 with left-handed couplings, and N=6.Comment: 30 pages including 5 figures. This is a revised version that is close to the published versio

The t->WZb decay in the Standard Model: A Critical Reanalysis

We compute the t->WZb decay rate, in the Standard Model, at the leading order in perturbation theory, with special attention to the effects of the finite widths of the W and Z bosons. These effects are extremely important, since the t->WZb decay occurs near its kinematical threshold. They increase the value of the decay rate by orders of magnitude near threshold or allow it below the nominal threshold. We discuss a procedure to take into account the finite-width effects and compare the results with previous studies of this decay. Within the Standard Model, for a top quark mass in the range between 170 and 180 GeV, we find BR(t->WZb) ~ 2 x 10^{-6}, which makes the observation at the LHC very difficult if at all possible.Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps figures, LaTeX. Few references added and minor changes in the text. Results unchanged. Final version to appear on PL

A study of top polarization in single-top production at the LHC

This paper complements the study of single top production at the LHC aiming to estimate the sensitivity of different observables to the magnitude of the effective couplings. In a previous paper the dominant $W$-gluon fusion mechanism was considered, while here we extend the analysis to the subdominant (10% with our set of experimental cuts) s-channel process. In order to distinguish left from right effective couplings it is required to consider polarized cross-sections and/or include $m_b$ effects. The spin of the top is accessible only indirectly by measuring the angular distribution of its decay products. We show that the presence of effective right-handed couplings implies necessarily that the top is not in a pure spin state. We discuss to what extent quantum interference terms can be neglected in the measurement and therefore simply multiply production and decay probabilities clasically. The coarsening involved in the measurement process makes this possible. We determine for each process the optimal spin basis where theoretical errors are minimized and, finally, discuss the sensitivity in the s-channel to the effective right-handed coupling. The results presented here are all analytical and include $m_b$ corrections. They are derived within the narrow width approximation for the top.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figure

The Rare Top Decays t→bW+Zt \to b W^+ Z and t→cW+W−t \to c W^+ W^-

The large value of the top quark mass implies that the rare top decays $t \rightarrow b W^+ Z, s W^+ Z$ and $d W^+ Z$, and $t \rightarrow c W^+ W^-$ and $u W^+ W^-$, are kinematically allowed decays so long as $m_t \ge m_W + m_Z + m_{d_i} \approx 171.5 GeV + m_{d_i}$ or $m_t \ge 2m_W + m_{u,c} \approx 160.6 GeV + m_{u,c}$, respectively. The partial decay widths for these decay modes are calculated in the standard model. The partial widths depend sensitively on the precise value of the top quark mass. The branching ratio for $t\rightarrow b W^+ Z$ is as much as $2 \times 10^{-5}$ for $m_t = 200 GeV$, and could be observable at LHC. The rare decay modes $t \rightarrow c W^+ W^-$ and $u W^+ W^-$ are highly GIM-suppressed, and thus provide a means for testing the GIM mechanism for three generations of quarks in the u, c, t sector.Comment: 19 pages, latex, t->bWZ corrected, previous literature on t->bWZ cited, t->cWW unchange