2,432 research outputs found
Crossing of cyclotron and spin resonances in two-dimensional Coulomb gas
We predict the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of the fine structure of the cyclotron resonance near its crossing with the spin resonance in the degenerate two-dimensional Coulomb gas subjected to a strong tilted magnetic field. The spin-orbit coupling splits these resonances into three lines with the splitting gaps varying with the filling factor from v(so)p(F) to v(so)p(F)/square-root 2 at odd- and even-integer filling, respectively. This indicates reentrance of the system into a partially spin-polarized state and can be treated as manifestation of a new spin-density wave mode in it
Flight determination of the aerodynamic stability and control characteristics of the NASA SGS 1-36 sailplane in the conventional and deep stall angles-of-attack of between -5 and 75 degrees
The flight test procedure and the preliminary analysis of the results obtained from twenty manned flights of the SGS 1-36 in the high angles of attack Deep Stall region are discussed. A comparison of the flight determined stability and control derivatives, those of the wind tunnel, and the estimated aerodynamic data is also presented. Furthermore, deep stall dynamics response of the SGS 1-36 is discussed briefly to explain some of the unexpected flight observations
XMM-Newton and Gemini Observations of Eight RASSCALS Galaxy Groups
We study the distribution of gas pressure and entropy in eight groups of
galaxies belonging to the ROSAT All-Sky Survey / Center for Astrophysics Loose
Systems (RASSCALS). We use archival and proprietary XMM-Newton observations,
supplementing the X-ray data with redshifts derived from the literature; we
also list 127 new redshifts measured with the Gemini North telescope. The
groups show remarkable self-similarity in their azimuthally averaged entropy
and temperature profiles. The entropy increases with radius; the behavior of
the entropy profiles is consistent with an increasing broken power law with
inner and outer slope 0.92+0.04-0.05 and 0.42+0.05-0.04 (68% confidence),
respectively. There is no evidence of a central, isentropic core, and the
entropy distribution in most of the groups is flatter at large radii than in
the inner region, challenging earlier reports as well as theoretical models
predicting large isentropic cores or asymptotic slopes of 1.1 at large radii.
The pressure profiles are consistent with a self-similar decreasing broken
power law in radius; the inner and outer slopes are -0.78+0.04-0.03 and
-1.7+0.1-0.3, respectively. The results suggest that the larger scatter in the
entropy distribution reflects the varied gasdynamical histories of the groups;
the regularity and self-similarity of the pressure profiles is a sign of a
similarity in the underlying dark matter distributions.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Joint Analysis of Cluster Observations: II. Chandra/XMM-Newton X-ray and Weak Lensing Scaling Relations for a Sample of 50 Rich Clusters of Galaxies
We present a study of multiwavelength X-ray and weak lensing scaling
relations for a sample of 50 clusters of galaxies. Our analysis combines
Chandra and XMM-Newton data using an energy-dependent cross-calibration. After
considering a number of scaling relations, we find that gas mass is the most
robust estimator of weak lensing mass, yielding 15 +/- 6% intrinsic scatter at
r500 (the pseudo-pressure YX has a consistent scatter of 22%+/-5%). The scatter
does not change when measured within a fixed physical radius of 1 Mpc. Clusters
with small BCG to X-ray peak offsets constitute a very regular population whose
members have the same gas mass fractions and whose even smaller <10% deviations
from regularity can be ascribed to line of sight geometrical effects alone.
Cool-core clusters, while a somewhat different population, also show the same
(<10%) scatter in the gas mass-lensing mass relation. There is a good
correlation and a hint of bimodality in the plane defined by BCG offset and
central entropy (or central cooling time). The pseudo-pressure YX does not
discriminate between the more relaxed and less relaxed populations, making it
perhaps the more even-handed mass proxy for surveys. Overall, hydrostatic
masses underestimate weak lensing masses by 10% on the average at r500; but
cool-core clusters are consistent with no bias, while non-cool-core clusters
have a large and constant 15-20% bias between r2500 and r500, in agreement with
N-body simulations incorporating unthermalized gas. For non-cool-core clusters,
the bias correlates well with BCG ellipticity. We also examine centroid shift
variance and and power ratios to quantify substructure; these quantities do not
correlate with residuals in the scaling relations. Individual clusters have for
the most part forgotten the source of their departures from self-similarity.Comment: Corrects an error in the X-ray luminosities (erratum
submitted)---none of the other results are affected. Go to
http://sfstar.sfsu.edu/jaco for an electronic fitter and updated quick data
download link
Mass Profile of the Infall Region of the Abell 2199 Supercluster
Using a redshift survey of 1323 galaxies (1092 new or remeasured) in a region
of 95 square degrees centered on the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199, we
analyze the supercluster containing A2199, A2197, and an X-ray group. The
caustic technique accurately reproduces the true mass profiles of simulated
simple superclusters (i.e., superclusters where the virial mass of one cluster
is 2-10 times the virial mass of all other clusters in the supercluster). We
calculate the masses of the two main components of A2197 (A2197W and A2197E)
using archival X-ray observations and demonstrate that the A2199 supercluster
is simple and thus that the caustic technique should yield an accurate mass
profile. The mass profile is uncertain by ~30% within 3 Mpc/h and by a factor
of two within 8 Mpc/h and is one of only a few for a supercluster on such large
scales. Independent X-ray mass estimates agree with our results at all radii
where they overlap. The mass profile strongly disagrees with an isothermal
sphere profile but agrees with profiles suggested by simulations. We discuss
the interplay of the supercluster dynamics and the dynamics of the bound
subclusters. The agreement between the infall mass profile and other techniques
shows that the caustic technique is surprisingly robust for simple
superclusters (abridged).Comment: 49 pages, 20 figures, to appear in The Astronomical Journal, version
containing high-resolution figures available at
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~krines/a2199mp.p
A structured open data collection on occupant behaviour in buildings
Climate change cannot be addressed without improving the energy efficiency of the buildings in which we live and work. The papers in this collection describe and release a series of datasets that help us understand how occupants influence and experience building energy use, both to aid future research and policy-development, and to spark wider data sharing in this important area
Hanging bladder calculi secondary to misplaced surgical suture
Bladder calculi, a rare condition in the pediatric population, occur most commonly as a result of either migration from the kidney or urinary stasis in the bladder. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) secondary to bladder calculi formation on the sutures from a previous herniorrhaphy.A 3-year-old boy with previous history of herniorrhaphy presented with recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection, resistant to antibiotic therapy. Physical examination was unremarkable. Ultrasonography (US) showed an echogenic fixed intra-luminal lesion in the bladder. Cystoscopic evaluation was performed and confirmed presence of calculi forming around several permanent silk sutures fixed to the bladder wall. The patient undergone cystotomy and the calculi were resected. The stone analysis revealed 80 uric acid calculi. The final diagnosis was of bladder calculi due to remnant suture from past herniorrhaphy. © 2015, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Radiology
On the utility of occupants’ behavioural diversity information for building performance simulation: An exploratory case study
The present study aims at investigating the potential advantages of integrating inter-occupant diversity information into occupant behaviour models used in building performance simulation. To this end, the authors model the operation of windows by occupants in a monitored open-plan office at aggregate and individual levels. The models use indoor and outdoor temperature as well as the interaction of these variables to estimate the probability of opening and closing windows in the building located in Vienna, Austria. Subsequently, a number of existing and novel metrics serve to compare the predictive performance of the aggregate and individual models. In addition, a calibrated energy model of the office area incorporates the window operation models to evaluate their potential contribution to the reliability of building performance assessments. The results of this exploratory case study suggest that individual window operation models outperform the aggregate model in capturing the peak and variations of window operation across occupants. This resulted in a more reliable thermal comfort assessment in the free-running season. The individual models, however, overestimated peak heating demand, as compared with the benchmark value resulting from the actual window operations in a single year
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