13 research outputs found

    Impact of leptin on oxidative and inflammatory status of the mammary tissue. An in-vitro and in- vivo experimental approach using the native fluorescence detection technique.

    No full text
    La leptine est une hormone peptidique ayant une action sur de nombreux tissus. Une dĂ©rĂ©gulation de la sĂ©crĂ©tion de cette hormone est observĂ©e au cours de l’obĂ©sitĂ©. L’obĂ©sitĂ© est frĂ©quemment associĂ©e Ă  des troubles de santĂ© dont les principaux sont le diabĂšte de type II, l’hypertension artĂ©rielle et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Elle est Ă©galement un facteur de risque du cancer du sein, particuliĂšrement en post-mĂ©nopause favorisant la rĂ©cidive et augmentant la mortalitĂ©. Ces perturbations, associĂ©es Ă  un Ă©tat de stress oxydant dĂ©fini par un excĂšs de production des espĂšces rĂ©actives de l’oxygĂšne (ERO) par rapport aux systĂšmes de dĂ©fense antioxydants, pourraient avoir un impact majeur dans le risque de carcinogenĂšse chez le sujet obĂšse. Il est clairement Ă©tabli aujourd’hui que le statut oxydatif des cellules est directement corrĂ©lĂ© aux capacitĂ©s de prolifĂ©ration mais aussi de survie des cellules dans leur environnement. A ce jour, trĂšs peu de donnĂ©es existent concernant le rĂŽle de la leptine dans la modulation du statut oxydatif des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires saines et tumorales. L’objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d’étudier d'abord les mĂ©canismes d’action et les effets de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires saines et nĂ©oplasiques ; puis dans un deuxiĂšme temps, une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale a Ă©tĂ© conduite pour caractĂ©riser in vivo l’impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© associĂ©e ou non Ă  l’activitĂ© physique sur la croissance tumorale et le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des tumeurs. Le projet avait Ă©galement pour but de mettre en Ɠuvre une nouvelle technique d’analyse basĂ©e sur la dĂ©tection de fluorescence native induite par excitation laser Ă  224 nm afin d’évaluer la production de composĂ©s bio-actifs de la famille des Ă©icosanoĂŻdes, dont les isoprostanes, impliquĂ©s dans le processus inflammatoire. Nous avons explorĂ© in vitro l’impact de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires. Cette Ă©tude nous a permis d’établir que la rĂ©ponse au signal leptinique varie en fonction du statut nĂ©oplasique de la lignĂ©e considĂ©rĂ©e, en fonction du temps de contact et non de la dose testĂ©e. Ensuite, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© associĂ©e ou non Ă  l’activitĂ© physique sur la croissance tumorale et sur le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des tumeurs Ă  l’aide d’un modĂšle de souris ĂągĂ©es C57BL/6 nourries avec un rĂ©gime hyper-lipidique (HL) pendant 14 semaines, et hĂ©bergĂ©es soit dans un environnement enrichi (EE) pour favoriser l’activitĂ© physique et les interactions sociales, soit dans un environnement standard pendant 8 semaines, aprĂšs quoi des cellules syngĂ©niques de tumeur mammaire EO771 ont Ă©tĂ© implantĂ©es dans les quatriĂšmes coussinets adipeux mammaires. In vitro, la leptine a stimulĂ© la production de ROS de façon indĂ©pendante de la dose et cette augmentation Ă©tait dĂ©pendante de la production d'O2 cytosolique. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une augmentation significative du poids dans les groupes recevant le rĂ©gime HL Ă  prise alimentaire journaliĂšre identique. La composition corporelle Ă  8 semaines montre une prise de masse grasse significative sous rĂ©gime HL, majorĂ©e par l’ovariectomie et partiellement limitĂ©e par l’activitĂ© physique. AprĂšs implantation des tumeurs, le rĂ©gime HL favorise la croissance tumorale et la perte de l’activitĂ© locomotrice. Par contre, l’EE prĂ©vient la perte d’activitĂ© physique des animaux. L’ensemble de ces travaux montre que la leptine contribue Ă  l’apparition d’un stress oxydant en lien avec le statut tumoral des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires. Ceci peut expliquer en partie l’augmentation du risque de cancer mammaire associĂ©e Ă  l’obĂ©sitĂ© en post-mĂ©nopause. Ces rĂ©sultats permettront d'objectiver le bĂ©nĂ©fice d'une intervention nutritionnelle ciblĂ©e afin de moduler la rĂ©ponse des cellules aux stimulations des adipokines. A terme, cette Ă©tude doit contribuer Ă  mieux comprendre l’intĂ©gration des signaux issus de l’environnement cellulaire.Obesity is now considered, as a risk factor for developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women and for mortality in response to this pathology. Obesity, which is frequently associated with hyperleptinemia, induces cellular signalling pathways, some of which involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intracellular messengers. High levels of ROS contribute to oxidative stress, cellular damages and pathogenesis. Therefore, ROS production associated to obesity could be a major risk factor for mammary carcinogenesis. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress and inflammation characterised by infiltration of immune cells into adipocytes are described. This is associated with a lipid peroxidation and the production of bio-active compounds including isoprostanes.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of leptin in modulating the oxidative and inflammatory status of epithelial mammary cells and in tumor mammary tissue. Moreover, the purpose of this work was to develop a new analysis technique based on native fluorescence detection induced by laser excitation at 224 nm to evaluate the production of bio-active compounds from the family of eicosanoids, involved in the inflammatory process, including isoprostanes.Initially we identified in vitro the leptin effects on ROS production in 3 human epithelial mammary cell models which present different neoplastic status (healthy primary (HMEC) cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) in presence of two leptin concentrations (10 ng/ml close to physiological values, 100 ng/ml as obesity level). To better understand the potential involvement of adipocyte tumor microenvironment in mammary carcinogenesis, we secondly explored in vivo the impact of high fat diet (HFD) and of enriched environment (EE) on mammary tumor development. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a HFD versus a normo-caloric diet (NC) for 14 weeks. After 8 weeks mammary tumor syngeneic cells EO771 were implanted into the fourth mammary fat pads. Before injection, mice were housed in EE or in standard environment (ES) for 8 weeks. In vitro, leptin stimulated ROS production in dose-independent manner and this increase was dependent of cytosolic O2‱- production. This ROS production contributed to a different antioxidative response depending of the neoplastic cell status. Leptin induced the antioxidative enzymes expression and activities such as heme-oxygenase or glutathione peroxidase only in HMEC cells. In neoplastic cells, these enzyme activities did not change whatever the leptin concentration used.Thus, high fat diet promoted mammary tumor development associated with a decrease in body fat and an increase in volume and weight of tumors that was not limited by physical activity. This diet induced a decrease of adiponectin and an increase of leptin plasma level compared to NC diet however, leptinemia was not influenced by EE.The native fluorescence isoprostanes determination method, turned out not to be quite sensitive. Therefore, the native fluorescence of these compounds is too low to allow their detection in biological media used. In contrast, the native fluorescence appears to be a potential cellular exploration tool.Through this work, we have shown that leptin contributes to the onset of oxidative stress linked to the status of mammary epithelial tumor cells. This may partly explained the increase of risk of breast cancer recurrence observed in situations of obesity. The results obtained in vivo eventually will support the benefit of a nutrition intervention to modulate cell response to adipokines stimulation. Ultimately, this study contributes to better understand the integration of signals from the cell environment

    Etude de l'impact de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire du tissu mammaire : approche expérimentale in vitro et in vivo - Mise en oeuvre de la technique de détection par fluorescence native.

    No full text
    Obesity is now considered, as a risk factor for developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women and for mortality in response to this pathology. Obesity, which is frequently associated with hyperleptinemia, induces cellular signalling pathways, some of which involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intracellular messengers. High levels of ROS contribute to oxidative stress, cellular damages and pathogenesis. Therefore, ROS production associated to obesity could be a major risk factor for mammary carcinogenesis. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress and inflammation characterised by infiltration of immune cells into adipocytes are described. This is associated with a lipid peroxidation and the production of bio-active compounds including isoprostanes.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of leptin in modulating the oxidative and inflammatory status of epithelial mammary cells and in tumor mammary tissue. Moreover, the purpose of this work was to develop a new analysis technique based on native fluorescence detection induced by laser excitation at 224 nm to evaluate the production of bio-active compounds from the family of eicosanoids, involved in the inflammatory process, including isoprostanes.Initially we identified in vitro the leptin effects on ROS production in 3 human epithelial mammary cell models which present different neoplastic status (healthy primary (HMEC) cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) in presence of two leptin concentrations (10 ng/ml close to physiological values, 100 ng/ml as obesity level). To better understand the potential involvement of adipocyte tumor microenvironment in mammary carcinogenesis, we secondly explored in vivo the impact of high fat diet (HFD) and of enriched environment (EE) on mammary tumor development. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a HFD versus a normo-caloric diet (NC) for 14 weeks. After 8 weeks mammary tumor syngeneic cells EO771 were implanted into the fourth mammary fat pads. Before injection, mice were housed in EE or in standard environment (ES) for 8 weeks. In vitro, leptin stimulated ROS production in dose-independent manner and this increase was dependent of cytosolic O2‱- production. This ROS production contributed to a different antioxidative response depending of the neoplastic cell status. Leptin induced the antioxidative enzymes expression and activities such as heme-oxygenase or glutathione peroxidase only in HMEC cells. In neoplastic cells, these enzyme activities did not change whatever the leptin concentration used.Thus, high fat diet promoted mammary tumor development associated with a decrease in body fat and an increase in volume and weight of tumors that was not limited by physical activity. This diet induced a decrease of adiponectin and an increase of leptin plasma level compared to NC diet however, leptinemia was not influenced by EE.The native fluorescence isoprostanes determination method, turned out not to be quite sensitive. Therefore, the native fluorescence of these compounds is too low to allow their detection in biological media used. In contrast, the native fluorescence appears to be a potential cellular exploration tool.Through this work, we have shown that leptin contributes to the onset of oxidative stress linked to the status of mammary epithelial tumor cells. This may partly explained the increase of risk of breast cancer recurrence observed in situations of obesity. The results obtained in vivo eventually will support the benefit of a nutrition intervention to modulate cell response to adipokines stimulation. Ultimately, this study contributes to better understand the integration of signals from the cell environment.La leptine est une hormone peptidique ayant une action sur de nombreux tissus. Une dĂ©rĂ©gulation de la sĂ©crĂ©tion de cette hormone est observĂ©e au cours de l’obĂ©sitĂ©. L’obĂ©sitĂ© est frĂ©quemment associĂ©e Ă  des troubles de santĂ© dont les principaux sont le diabĂšte de type II, l’hypertension artĂ©rielle et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Elle est Ă©galement un facteur de risque du cancer du sein, particuliĂšrement en post-mĂ©nopause favorisant la rĂ©cidive et augmentant la mortalitĂ©. Ces perturbations, associĂ©es Ă  un Ă©tat de stress oxydant dĂ©fini par un excĂšs de production des espĂšces rĂ©actives de l’oxygĂšne (ERO) par rapport aux systĂšmes de dĂ©fense antioxydants, pourraient avoir un impact majeur dans le risque de carcinogenĂšse chez le sujet obĂšse. Il est clairement Ă©tabli aujourd’hui que le statut oxydatif des cellules est directement corrĂ©lĂ© aux capacitĂ©s de prolifĂ©ration mais aussi de survie des cellules dans leur environnement. A ce jour, trĂšs peu de donnĂ©es existent concernant le rĂŽle de la leptine dans la modulation du statut oxydatif des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires saines et tumorales. L’objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d’étudier d'abord les mĂ©canismes d’action et les effets de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires saines et nĂ©oplasiques ; puis dans un deuxiĂšme temps, une Ă©tude expĂ©rimentale a Ă©tĂ© conduite pour caractĂ©riser in vivo l’impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© associĂ©e ou non Ă  l’activitĂ© physique sur la croissance tumorale et le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des tumeurs. Le projet avait Ă©galement pour but de mettre en Ɠuvre une nouvelle technique d’analyse basĂ©e sur la dĂ©tection de fluorescence native induite par excitation laser Ă  224 nm afin d’évaluer la production de composĂ©s bio-actifs de la famille des Ă©icosanoĂŻdes, dont les isoprostanes, impliquĂ©s dans le processus inflammatoire. Nous avons explorĂ© in vitro l’impact de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires. Cette Ă©tude nous a permis d’établir que la rĂ©ponse au signal leptinique varie en fonction du statut nĂ©oplasique de la lignĂ©e considĂ©rĂ©e, en fonction du temps de contact et non de la dose testĂ©e. Ensuite, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© l’impact de l’obĂ©sitĂ© associĂ©e ou non Ă  l’activitĂ© physique sur la croissance tumorale et sur le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des tumeurs Ă  l’aide d’un modĂšle de souris ĂągĂ©es C57BL/6 nourries avec un rĂ©gime hyper-lipidique (HL) pendant 14 semaines, et hĂ©bergĂ©es soit dans un environnement enrichi (EE) pour favoriser l’activitĂ© physique et les interactions sociales, soit dans un environnement standard pendant 8 semaines, aprĂšs quoi des cellules syngĂ©niques de tumeur mammaire EO771 ont Ă©tĂ© implantĂ©es dans les quatriĂšmes coussinets adipeux mammaires. In vitro, la leptine a stimulĂ© la production de ROS de façon indĂ©pendante de la dose et cette augmentation Ă©tait dĂ©pendante de la production d'O2 cytosolique. Les rĂ©sultats montrent une augmentation significative du poids dans les groupes recevant le rĂ©gime HL Ă  prise alimentaire journaliĂšre identique. La composition corporelle Ă  8 semaines montre une prise de masse grasse significative sous rĂ©gime HL, majorĂ©e par l’ovariectomie et partiellement limitĂ©e par l’activitĂ© physique. AprĂšs implantation des tumeurs, le rĂ©gime HL favorise la croissance tumorale et la perte de l’activitĂ© locomotrice. Par contre, l’EE prĂ©vient la perte d’activitĂ© physique des animaux. L’ensemble de ces travaux montre que la leptine contribue Ă  l’apparition d’un stress oxydant en lien avec le statut tumoral des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires. Ceci peut expliquer en partie l’augmentation du risque de cancer mammaire associĂ©e Ă  l’obĂ©sitĂ© en post-mĂ©nopause. Ces rĂ©sultats permettront d'objectiver le bĂ©nĂ©fice d'une intervention nutritionnelle ciblĂ©e afin de moduler la rĂ©ponse des cellules aux stimulations des adipokines. A terme, cette Ă©tude doit contribuer Ă  mieux comprendre l’intĂ©gration des signaux issus de l’environnement cellulaire

    Exploring the potential impact of nutritionally actionable genetic polymorphisms on idiopathic male infertility: a review of current evidence

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    International audienceInfertility affects about 15% of the world's population. In 40%–50% of infertile couples, a male factor underlies the problem, but in about 50% of these cases, the etiology of male infertility remains unexplained. Some clinical data show that lifestyle interventions may contribute to male reproductive health. Cessation of unhealthy habits is suggested for preserving male fertility; there is growing evidence that most preexisting comorbidities, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome, are highly likely to have an impact on male fertility. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms implicated in metabolic activity represents one of the most exciting areas in the study of genetic causes of male infertility. Although these polymorphisms are not directly connected with male infertility, they may have a role in specific conditions associated with it, that is, metabolic disorders and oxidative stress pathway genes that are potentially associated with an increased risk of male infertility due to DNA and cell membrane damage. Some studies have examined the impact of individual genetic differences and gene-diet interactions on male infertility, but their results have not been synthesized. We review the current research to identify genetic variants that could be tested to improve the chances of conceiving spontaneously through personalized diet and/or oral vitamin and mineral supplementation, by examining the science of genetic modifiers of dietary factors that affect nutritional status and male fertility

    Impact of leptin on ROS production in human mammary epithelial cells is dependent of neoplasic

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    Presenting author: Adrien Rossary The Second International Congress of Translational Research in Human Nutrition is organised by the Research Centre in Human Nutrition (CRNH) of Auvergne, of which INRA is a member, in collaboration with NuGO, European Association of universities and research institutes in the field of nutrigenomicsNutritional status and hormonal factors, such as leptin, an adipokine highly regulated inobesity, induce cellular signaling pathways, some of which involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) asintracellular messenger. High levels of ROS contribute to oxidative stress, cellular damages andpathogenesis. That’s why ROS production associated to obesity could be a major risk factor ofmammary carcinogenesis.This study aimed to determine leptin effects on ROS production in 3 human epithelial mammary cellmodels which present different neoplasic status (healthy primary (HP) cells, MCF-7 and MDAMB-231). ROS production is measured by fluorescence in presence of two leptin concentrations (10ng/ml close to physiological values, 100 ng/ml as obesity level) with several probes at 2ÎŒM(Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) for total cellular ROS, Diaminofluorescein (DAF) for NO,Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) for mitochondrial ROS and Dihydroethidine (DHE) for cytosolic superoxydeanion (O2°-). Gene expression and catalytic activities of ROS production systems (NADPH oxidases,NO synthases, Dual oxidases) and of anti-oxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, heme oxygenase,glutathione S-transferase) are performed.Whatever the cell model and the leptin concentration, a slight increase of total cellular ROSproduction is observed. This increase is independent of mitochondrial activity as DHR signalremained stable for HP cells (5.51 ± 0.40 RFU) and decreased for MCF7 and MDAMB-231 cells.Inversely, this ROS increase is dependent of cytosolic O2°- production as shown by DHE signalenhanced for HP cells (0.66 ± 0.01 to 0.81 ± 0.01 RFU), for MCF7 (0.79 ± 0.02 to 0.89 ± 0.03 RFU) andfor MDAMB-231 (0.82 ± 0.01 to 0.89 ± 0.02 RFU). Interestingly, this ROS production is dependent ofthe NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) expression and contributes to a different antioxidative response inregard to the neoplasic cell status. Leptin activates, only in HP cells, the antioxidative enzymesexpression and activities such as heme oxygenase or glutathione reductase.These data suggest that leptin could modulate the oxidative status of epithelial mammary cells indifferent ways according to the neoplasic cell status. Therefore leptin induces a similar ROSproduction for the 3 cell models whereas the anti oxidant cell response is not modified in MCF-7 andMA-MB-231 cells. This study highlights lower capacities of neoplasic cells to fight against oxidativestress

    Leptin: A potent regulator of natural killer cell activity?

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    National audienceNatural Killer (NK) cells are not just cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune response against tumors and infections but also important immunoregulators. They are activated by an intricate balance between signals provided by their inhibitory and activating receptors. Leptin, one major metabolic factor produced by adipocytes, appears to be strongly involved in obesity-induced dysimmunity and carcinogenesis. This paper reviews the studies investigating the effect of leptin on NK cells. Leptin, at level similar to that found in obesity, stimulate, in vitro, both the NK cell metabolic and lytic activities. In contrast, no significant association was observed, in vivo, between serum leptin and NK cytotoxicity whatever the model, diet-induced or constitutive obesity. These findings may be related to leptin resistance. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

    Leptin induces ROS via NOX5 in healthy and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells

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    NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes (a family of seven isoforms) drive cellular ROS production in patho-logical processes such as cancer. NOX-driven ROS production is involved in cell mechanisms from signalling to oxidative stress. Leptin, an adipokine overexpressed in obese patients, has been investigated in studies on breast carcinogenesis, but its effects on oxidative stress remain largely unexplored, especially in breast cancer. The study used three human mammary epithelial cell models presenting different neoplastic status (healthy primary HMECs, neoplastic MCF-7 cells and neoplastic MDA-MB-231 cells) to determine the effects of leptin on short-term ROS production and to characterize the enzymes involved. All three cell models significantly expressed NADPH oxidase isoform 5 (NOX5) in our culture conditions. All models showed induced ROS production regardless of leptin concentration (10 ng/ml mimicking good health, 100 ng/ml mimicking obesity). Cell treatment with either siRNA against NOX5, NOX inhibitor DPI or a calcium channel blocker (verapamil) confirmed the putative involvement of the NOX5 isoenzyme in ROS production. Moreover, cell treatments suppressed ROS production under leptin at both concentrations. Neoplastic cells appeared unable to downregulate NOX5 mRNA expression under leptin. Leptin emerged as a potential activator of ROS production in human epithelial mammary cells, where the ROS production was apparently linked to NOX5 activation. This novel finding could shed light on the potential role of obesity-associated hyperleptinemia in mammary cells via the activation of NOX enzymes

    IntĂ©rĂȘt de l’activitĂ© physique spontanĂ©e en situation d’obĂ©sitĂ© sur la cancĂ©rogenĂšse mammaire : approche expĂ©rimentale chez la souris C57/bl6

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    Cette annĂ©e les assises sont en partenariat avec le PĂŽle de compĂ©titivitĂ© LyonbiopĂŽle et le cluster Nutravita, des symposiums thĂ©matiques portant sur les interactions entre la recherche acadĂ©mique, l’innovation et l’industrie seront proposĂ©sObjet: L’obĂ©sitĂ© est reconnue comme Ă©tant un facteur de risque du cancer du sein aprĂšs la mĂ©nopause. Il est Ă©tabli que les sĂ©crĂ©tions adipokiniques modulent la capacitĂ© de prolifĂ©ration des cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires en culture. Par ailleurs, l’activitĂ© physique est un Ă©lĂ©ment rĂ©gulateur des sĂ©crĂ©tions adipokiniques. Le but de cette Ă©tude est de caractĂ©riser in vivo l’impact de l’activitĂ© physique, dĂ©crite comme un Ă©lĂ©ment protecteur, sur la sĂ©crĂ©tion de leptine et le mĂ©tabolisme Ă©nergĂ©tique de l’animal, lors de la croissance tumorale en situation d’obĂ©sitĂ©. MĂ©thode: Des souris femelles C57/bl6 ĂągĂ©es (28 semaines) ovariectomisĂ©es et placĂ©es ou non en environnement enrichi, pour favoriser l’activitĂ© physique et les interactions sociales (n = 10), sont nourries pendant 12 semaines avec un rĂ©gime hyper-lipidique (HL : 4,3 kcal/g, lipides 45% des AET). AprĂšs 8 semaines, les cellules tumorales mammaires syngĂšniques (lignĂ©e EO 771) sont implantĂ©es dans la quatriĂšme paire de glande mammaire par la technique «fat pad». La prise alimentaire, la prise de poids, l’activitĂ© physique, la composition corporelle des animaux et la croissance tumorale sont mesurĂ©es tout au long de l’expĂ©rimentation. Enfin, un bilan mĂ©tabolique et hormonal est rĂ©alisĂ© sur le plasma au bout de 12 semaines aprĂšs le sacrifice des animaux. RĂ©sultats : La prise Ă©nergĂ©tique journaliĂšre est de 12,8 ± 0,4 calories par jour et s’accompagne d’une prise de masse grasse significative (p<0,05) au bout de 8 semaines (10,2 ± 3,7 vs 2,7 ± 0,3 g), qui est limitĂ©e par l’activitĂ© physique (8,4 ± 2,9 g). AprĂšs implantation des cellules tumorales, l’environnement enrichi permet de limiter la perte d’activitĂ© physique des animaux qui est significativement plus Ă©levĂ©e que dans l’environnement standard (p<0,05). Par ailleurs, la croissance tumorale est limitĂ©e en environnement enrichi conduisant Ă  un volume tumoral de 663 ± 192 mm3 vs 1222 ± 482 mm3 (p<0,05) Ă  18 jours. Au sacrifice, les animaux hĂ©bergĂ©s en environnement enrichi montrent une moindre augmentation de la leptinĂ©mie, une normalisation de la glycĂ©mie, ainsi qu’une diminution de l’insulino-rĂ©sistance objectivĂ©e par les concentrations d’insuline et de rĂ©sistine (p<0,05). Enfin, il est notĂ© une diminution de la concentration circulante en interleukine 6 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Un rĂ©gime hyper-lipidique associĂ© Ă  l’ovariectomie favorise l’augmentation de masse grasse et la croissance tumorale. Dans ce contexte, l’augmentation d’activitĂ© physique due Ă  l’environnement enrichi limite Ă  la fois la prise de masse grasse et la croissance tumorale. Ces modifications s’accompagnent d’une diminution de l’inflammation Ă  bas bruit associĂ©e Ă  l’obĂ©sitĂ©. Ces donnĂ©es confirment le rĂŽle bĂ©nĂ©fique de l’activitĂ© physiqu

    Activation of antioxidant defences of human mammary epithelial cells under leptin depend on neoplastic state

    No full text
    Abstract Background Obesity is associated with oxidative stress, a major factor in carcinogenesis, and with high leptin concentration. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of leptin on the antioxidant response in three human mammary epithelial cells each presenting a different neoplastic status: healthy human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC), oestrogen-receptor positive MCF-7 cells and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods This in vitro kinetic study characterized the cell antioxidant response after 1, 6 and 24 h in the presence of leptin (10 or 100 ng/ml).The antioxidant response was defined in terms of cell glutathione content, gene expression and catalytic activity of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S transferase (GST), heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)). Oxidative stress occurrence was assessed by lipid hydro peroxide (HPLIP) and isoprostane concentrations in culture media at 24 h. Results At both concentrations used, leptin induced ROS production in all cell models, contributing to various antioxidant responses linked to neoplastic cell status. HMEC developed a highly inducible antioxidant response based on antioxidant enzyme activation and an increase in cell GSH content at 10 ng/ml of leptin. However, at 100 ng/ml of leptin, activation of antioxidant response was lower. Conversely, in tumour cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, leptin did not induce an efficient antioxidant response, at either concentration, resulting in an increase of lipid peroxidation products. Conclusions Leptin can modulate the oxidative status of mammary epithelial cells differently according to their neoplastic state. These novel results shed light on oxidative status changes in mammary cells in the presence of leptin

    La modulation in vitro du statut oxydatif par la leptine est dépendante du statut néoplasique des cellules épithéliales mammaires

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    National audienceCette Ă©tude in vitro a pour but de dĂ©terminer les effets de la leptine sur le statut oxydatif de trois modĂšles de cellules Ă©pithĂ©liales mammaires humaines (HMEC : cellules primaires saines ; MCF-7 : lignĂ©e issue de tumeur canalaire invasive ; MDA-MB-231 : lignĂ©e issue de mĂ©tastases d’adĂ©nocarcinome mammaire invasif) Ă  deux concentrations de leptine : 10 ng/ml (situation normopondĂ©rale) et 100 ng/ml (situation d’obĂ©sitĂ©). Le statut pro-oxydant des cellules est dĂ©terminĂ© par la mesure des espĂšces rĂ©actives de l’oxygĂšne (ERO) par fluorescence (0 Ă  2h) et de la peroxydation lipidique Ă  24h. La dĂ©fense anti-oxydante est dĂ©terminĂ©e entre autre par la mesure de l’expression gĂ©nique et de l’activitĂ© catalytique des enzymes anti-oxydantes (Glutathion peroxydases (GPX), hĂšme oxygĂ©nase (HMOX)) (Ă  1h, 6h et 24h). Quelque soit la concentration, la leptine augmente de façon significative (p<0,05) la production des ERO dans les trois modĂšles cellulaires. En rĂ©ponse les cellules saines HMEC induisent leur dĂ©fense anti-oxydante avec une augmentation de l’expression Ă  1h puis de l’activitĂ© catalytique Ă  6h de HMOX et de GPX. Ceci s’accompagne d’une peroxydation lipidique stable Ă  679 ± 248 ”mol/l d’hydroperoxydes lipidiques (HPLip). Pour les lignĂ©es nĂ©oplasiques, la rĂ©ponse anti-oxydante est incomplĂšte. Une induction d’expression gĂ©nique Ă  1h et d’activitĂ© catalytique Ă  6h de HMOX et GPX n’est observĂ©e que chez MCF-7 pour une concentration de 10 ng/ml. L’absence de rĂ©ponse anti-oxydante pour MCF-7 Ă  100 ng/ml et chez MDA-MB-231 quelque soit la concentration, s’accompagne d’une forte peroxydation lipidique (MCF-7 : 524 ± 227 vs 1045 ± 187 ”mol/l d’HPLip; MDA-MB-231 : 642 ± 376 vs 1082 ± 374 ”mol/l d’HPLip, respectivement pour 0 vs 100 ng/ml de leptine). La leptine en concentration similaire Ă  la situation d’obĂ©sitĂ© contribue Ă  l’apparition d’un stress oxydant chez les cellules nĂ©oplasiques favorisant la peroxydation lipidique pouvant induire la production de mĂ©diateurs de l’inflammation
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