Muhammad in The West: Analysis of the Historical Description of the Prophet Muhammad in Armstrong’s Writings

The main objectives of this study are to analyze and understand: (1) the general constructions of the Prophet Muhammad in the descriptions of Western writers; and (2) Armstrong's description of the Prophet Muhammad. This study is library research that uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-critical method. Data were collected by reading various biographical literature on Prophet Muhammad from Western writers, which were grouped into three criteria: orientalist writers, revisionist writers, and popular writers. The results of the study show that: (1) there is a dynamic dialectic in the description of the figure of the Prophet Muhammad by Western writers, both from orientalist circles, such as W. Montgomery Watt, David Samuel Margoliouth, Edward Said, revisionists such as Patricia Crone, Michael Cook, Fred M. Donner, and popular writers like Karen Armstrong. This dynamic shows that the effort to understand the figure of the Prophet Muhammad is an important effort to understand Islam in Western society; and (2) Armstrong's description as the author of popular religious studies books about the figure of the Prophet Muhammad; made a major contribution to reducing various misunderstandings about Islam and the figure of the Prophet Muhammad in the eyes of Western society

DO OVERCONFIDENT INVESTORS TRADE EXCESSIVELY IN THE CAPITAL MARKET? EVIDENCES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH SETTING

The existence of overconfident investors in capital markets has been the subject of much researches in the past. Using the market data, these previous researches demonstrates that overconfident investors tend to trade excessively, leading to losses. The current experimental research addresses these issues in the Indonesia Capital Market. According to its methodology, participants are classified into three groups based on their score of overconfidence: moderate, more overconfident, and less overconfident investors. The research design employs the state of no available market information, good news signals, and bad news signals as treatments. The result demonstrates that the more overconfident investors perform higher trading value than those who are less overconfident in all artificialmarkets leading to transaction losses, except that in the bad news market. In that bad news market, the more and the less overconfident investors gain profits, and the moderateinvestors suffer from trading losses.Keywords: overconfidence, excessive trading, profit and los

Mahatma Gandhi letter

Gandhi writes from Yeravda Prison in Poona, India in 1933 in apparent response to Harry Deutch, of the Bronx.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1019/thumbnail.jp

Islamic Preaching and Its Significance in Realizing the Virtuous City (Al-Madinah Al-Fadhilah) in the Perspective of Al-Farabi

This study aims to explore and analyze the concepts proposed by Al-Farabi regarding the ideal state or virtuous city to enrich our understanding of how Islamic nations can address the challenges of modernity and democracy while maintaining a balanced approach to core Islamic values. This research adopts a literature review methodology, gathering and analyzing various primary and secondary sources related to Al-Farabi's political thoughts on the concept of the ideal state. Al-Farabi's ideas about the ideal state or virtuous city provide essential principles for building a nation that prioritizes the well-being of its society. In the modern context, Al-Farabi's ideas can inspire and guide societies in developing inclusive, just, and sustainable political systems. The holistic concept of political wisdom by Al-Farabi can offer an appropriate framework for inclusive Islamic propagation grounded in various essential principles from Al-Farabi's central city. Applying Al-Farabi's philosophical perspective within the context of propagation enables the Islamic community to navigate the complexities of the modern world while remaining true to their Islamic identity

The Concept of Purification of The Soul In Al-Ghazali's View Is Related To Inner Peace

Human life today is often faced with various problems ranging from routine, work stress, economic deficiencies and other life problems. The problem will get bigger if not addressed properly. In Islam, humans are taught to draw closer to Allah so that life's problems do not lead to polytheism. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze Al-Ghazali's concept of purification of the soul (tazkiyatun an-nafs) in relation to inner peace. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is content analysis research. The results of the study concluded that the concept of purification of Al-Ghazali's soul has three stages, namely takhalli, tahalli and tajali. Eliminating the bad qualities that exist in the soul and filling them with good qualities will have an impact on one's way and attitude in dealing with problems. Strong belief in Allah will make a person have inner peace

Paradigma Politik Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dalam Bernegara

NU selalu terlihat politis. Latar sejarahnya sendiri sebagai gejala politis, minimal, dalam perspektif politik Islam, baik di level nasional maupun Internasional. Spirit lahirnya sebagai jam'iyyah berbasis simbol dan kekuatan ulama (kiai), senantiasa mengundang banyak tanya dan keterkaguman. Ibarat pedang, NU memiliki dua mata yang jernih dan tajam serta sangat berbahaya kalau dibiarkan menusuk sesuatu, termasuk menyangkut perpolitikan tanah air. Paradigma politik NU serba unik, cair, tapi menggetarkan

SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA NEGERI I TERAS KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi supervisi pembelajaran yang terjadi di SMA Negeri I Teras Kabupaten Boyolali. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan memahami karakteristik proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Teras Kabupaten Boyolali dan untuk mengetahui dan memahami karakteristik sosial supervisor di SMA Negeri I Teras Kabupaten Boyolali. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan etnografi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dan guru. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam serta dokumen.Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data tertata dalam situs. Hasil penelitian supervisi pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Teras Kabupaten Boyolali menunjukkan bahwa supervisi dilaksanakan dengan proses yang dilakukan secara bertahap, yaitu dari tahap persiapan tahap pelaksanaaan dan tahap tindak lanjut. Dengan adanya supervisi para guru merasakan manfaatnya karena supervisi yang dilaksanakannya dapat mendorong para guru untuk membuat perangakat pembelajaran dan juga dapat mendorong para guru untuk dapat melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang lebih baik. Supervisi pembelajaran di SMA Negeri I Teras Kabupaten Boyolali dilaksanakan oleh supervisor yang mempunyai status sosial yang tinggi. Para supervisor telah mempunyai pengetahuan dan pengalaman tentang supervisi. Mereka terdiri dari: Kepala Sekolah, Wakil Kepala Sekolah dan Ketua MGMP atau Guru Inti. Dengan adanya supervisi akan dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru yang akibatnya proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik dan siswa dapat mencapai prestasi akademi yang lebih baik pula

Kajian Semiotik dan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Serat Dewa Ruci

Mahatma Zat Akhdiyat. S441302009. 2015. “Kajian Semiotik dan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Serat Dewa Ruci’’ TESIS. Pembimbing I: Prof. Dr. Sarwiji Suwandi, M.Pd. Pembimbing II: Dr. Kundharu Saddhono, M.Hum. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Minat Utama Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Cerita wayang dan serat tradisional Jawa mengandung rekaman nilai budaya yang patut digali lebih dalam dan dihubungkan dengan pendidikan namun sayangnya jarang dilakukan. Kajian semiotik dan nilai pendidikan ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan arti dan sistem tanda pada tataran heuristik yang terdapat dalam serat Dewa Ruci, (2) Mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan makna secara hermeneutik yang terdapat dalam serat Dewa Ruci, (3) Mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam serat Dewa Ruci, (4) Mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan relevansi serat Dewa Ruci dengan pendidikan karakter dalam pembelajaran bahasa Jawa di sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan dari awal bulan Maret 2014 hingga Februari 2015. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah semiotik khususnya semiotik Riffaterre. Objek penelitian adalah serat Dewa Ruci karya Yasadipura I terbitan Tan Kun Swi Kediri. Data berupa tanda dan sistem tanda, kandungan makna dalam serat, kandungan nilai pendidikan karakter. Uji validitas menggunakan triangulasi data. Teknik analisis data dengan teknik interactive model analisys. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan kajian semiotik terhadap serat Dewa Ruci mampu memunculkan kandungan sistem tanda dan makna ditandai dengan didapatnya sistem tanda yang ditemukan dan kandungan makna yang dalam serta nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan adanya metode belajar laku yang dikandung budaya Jawa yang bisa dikenalkan kepada masyarakat ilmiah sebagai metode khas Jawa. Selain itu juga terdapat pembongkaran nilai hierarkis yang dikandung objek penelitian terhadap sistem religi dimana setiap insan bisa berhubungan dengan Tuhannya tanpa perantara. Proses belajar yang paling mula menurut hasil dan pembahasan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengenal diri sendiri adalah salah satu bagian penting dari proses belajar. Kata kunci: Serat Dewa Ruci, pendidikan karakter, semiotik

Influence of Structure and Wall Materials on Building Thermal Performance

The passive cooling technique is a strategy to improve building thermal performance which is cost-effective, eco-friendly and best suited for the local climate. The building material is one of the elements in passive cooling techniques. The research aims to investigate the influence of building materials on building thermal performance by field measurements on test houses. Hobo data loggers were used to collect indoor air temperature and relative humidity data. FLIR Infrared Camera was used to collect surface temperature data. The National Standard for Ventilation and Air Conditioning system (SNI 03-6572-2001) used as a reference for thermal performance value. The scope of the research is investigating the influence of the structure and wall materials on building thermal performance. The structure materials for the experiment were steel material and concrete material. The wall materials for this experiment were clay brick, light concrete brick (AAC), GRC-Rockwool panel and GRC-Styrofoam Panel. This research showed that steel structure influences the increasing indoor building air temperature. Clay brick material with higher thermal conductivity values has longer duration above the warm comfort zone rather than other wall materials in this experiment