Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of erythro-series pentoses and hexoses by N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-arabinose, and D-ribose with chloramine-T in alkaline medium were studied. The rate law, rate = k Chloramine-T] Sugar] HO-](2), was observed. The rate of the reaction was influenced by a change in ionic strength of the medium, and the dielectric effect was found to be negative. The latter enabled the computation of d(AB), the size of the activated complex. The reaction rate was almost doubled in deuterium oxide. Activation energies were calculated from the Arrhenius plots. HPLC and GLC-MS analyses of the products indicated that the sugars were oxidized to a mixture of aldonic acids, consisting of arabinonic, ribonic, erythronic, and glyceric acids. Based on these data, a plausible mechanism involving the aldo-enolic anions of pentoses and keto-enolic anions of hexoses is suggested. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Influence of liming on the yield and uptake of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus by soybeans grown on two different soils

Recent developments in the field of agricultural science, has helped in understanding many of the soil fertility problems. Soil fertility problems are not concerned with one or two interacting factors but concerned with many. The living plant is a complex system that responds continually to the environmental conditions. The soil in which the plant grows is a heterogeneous medium and plants respond by effecting a sort of physiological integration of the various factors concerned with growth. The specific study on the nutritional requirement for a particular crop depends mainly on the species, to which the crop belongs and the nutritional status of the soil. The soybean–a legume–has assumed great importance in recent years because of its varied usefulness and offers far reaching possibilities in the agriculture of the future. The problem of raising the soybean yields is not simple because it is a plant of great genetic and morphological diversity. It varies in height from less than a foot to more than six feet and in habit of growth from stiffly erect to prostrate. The seed varies greatly in size, shape, color and in its chemical composition. Because of its distinct and variable growth characteristics, research workers are heading towards solving some of perplexing problems of soybean nutrition. Because of the feet that the proper nutrition requirement for different crops varies with the fertility status of soil, a close study for a particular crop is required. In order to control the environmental factors, other than the one being studied, a controlled study is required. To accomplish this the present study was made under greenhouse conditions. The present study was made in order to determine the effect of different rates of lime, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium application on the soybean yield and nutrient uptake of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium on two different soil types by soybeans. Two soils used for the study were Tunica clay loam and Loring silt loam. These soils occur in the areas where soybeans are grown in Tennessee

The prognostic significance of Cdc6 and Cdt1 in breast cancer

DNA replication is a critical step in cell proliferation. Overexpression of MCM2-7 genes correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. However, the roles of Cdc6 and Cdt1, which work with MCMs to regulate DNA replication, in breast cancers are largely unknown. In the present study, we have shown that the expression levels of Cdc6 and Cdt1 were both significantly correlated with an increasing number of MCM2-7 genes overexpression. Both Cdc6 and Cdt1, when expressed in a high level, alone or in combination, were significantly associated with poorer survival in the breast cancer patient cohort (n = 1441). In line with this finding, the expression of Cdc6 and Cdt1 was upregulated in breast cancer cells compared to normal breast epithelial cells. Expression of Cdc6 and Cdt1 was significantly higher in ER negative breast cancer, and was suppressed when ER signalling was inhibited either by tamoxifen in vitro or letrozole in human subjects. Importantly, breast cancer patients who responded to letrozole expressed significantly lower Cdc6 than those patients who did not respond. Our results suggest that Cdc6 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer patients.</p

Theoretical and experimental study of dimethyl sulfoxide and N-substituted DMSO

Infrared spectrum of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has been studied using quantum chemical calculations and FTIR spectroscopy. Theoretical infrared and electronic absorption spectra for the ions of DMSO, DMSO in water solvent and nitrogen substituted DMSO (N-DMSO) have also been obtained using second order Møller-Plesset and 6-311++g(d,p) basis set. The IEFPCM model has been used to study the solvation effect for DMSO. The geometrical parameters and dipole moments for the neutral DMSO have been compared with the available experimental determinations. Calculated vibrational frequencies have been compared with the experimental frequencies for the DMSO obtained using FTIR spectrometer. Rotational and centrifugal distortional constants for these molecules have been reported. The electronic absorption spectra of DMSO, its ions, and N-DMSO have been obtained using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach. Almost all the vibrational modes in the vibrational spectrum of DMSO anion are intense whereas fewer intense modes have been observed in the vibrational spectra of DMSO, its cation, DMSO in water solvent and N-DMSO. The most intense mode is different for DMSO, its ions and N-DMSO. The S=O stretching mode is the most intense mode for DMSO as well as DMSO in water solvent and it is red shifted by 62 cm-1 in latter than the former

Physico-chemical Properties of Chloramine-T: Part III- Conductometric Study of the Interaction of Chloramine-T with Th(IV) & Zr(IV) Solutions

463-46

A data quarantine model to secure data in edge computing

Edge computing provides an agile data processing platform for latency-sensitive and communication-intensive applications through a decentralized cloud and geographically distributed edge nodes. Gaining centralized control over the edge nodes can be challenging due to security issues and threats. Among several security issues, data integrity attacks can lead to inconsistent data and intrude edge data analytics. Further intensification of the attack makes it challenging to mitigate and identify the root cause. Therefore, this paper proposes a new concept of data quarantine model to mitigate data integrity attacks by quarantining intruders. The efficient security solutions in cloud, ad-hoc networks, and computer systems using quarantine have motivated adopting it in edge computing. The data acquisition edge nodes identify the intruders and quarantine all the suspected devices through dimensionality reduction. During quarantine, the proposed concept builds the reputation scores to determine the falsely identified legitimate devices and sanitize their affected data to regain data integrity. As a preliminary investigation, this work identifies an appropriate machine learning method, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for dimensionality reduction. The LDA results in 72.83% quarantine accuracy and 0.9 seconds training time, which is efficient than other state-of-the-art methods. In future, this would be implemented and validated with ground truth data

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid) from murraya koenigii (rutaceae) leaves

Murraya koenigii leaves (Rutaceae) are used traditionally in Indian Ayurvedic system to treat diabetes. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid from Murraya koenigii leaves) on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (45mg/kg). Mahanimbine (50 and 100mg/kg) were administrated as a single dose per week to the diabetic rats for 30 days. The control group received 0.3% w/v sodium carboxy methyl cellulose for the same duration. Fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profiles were measured in the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In addition, in vitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory effects of mahanimbine were performed. Results: In the diabetic rats, the elevated fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein levels were reduced and high density lipoprotein level was increased by mahanimbine at a dose of 50 and 100mg/kg (i.p). In addition, mahanimbine showed appreciable alpha amylase inhibitory effect and weak alpha glucosidase inhibitory effects when compared with acarbose. Conclusions: The present study indicated that mahanimbine possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic effects. Thus results suggesting mahanimbine has beneficial effect in the management of diabetes associated with abnormal lipid profile and related cardiovascular complications

Direct & Indirect Titrimetric Determinations of Thiocyanate Ion in Metal Salts & Complexes with Dichloramine- T & Some Further Applications of Chloramine- T

938-94