2,813 research outputs found
The importance of poverty early in childhood
Introduction: Using a poverty line set at 60% of New Zealandâs median national income, nearly one in five New Zealand children (19%) was poor in 2011. This poverty rate is considerably less than that of the United States and Canada, similar to that of Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany and France, and much greater that in Scandinavian countries. These rates are far from immutable; New Zealandâs child poverty rate was much higher in 2004 before social policies were enacted which focused, in part, on the countryâs child poverty problem
Energy Dependence of Cu L2,3 Satellites using Synchrotron Excited X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
The L2,3 X-ray emission of Cu metal has been measured using monochromatic
synchrotron radiation. The self-absorption effect in the spectra is shown to be
very small in our experimental geometry. From the quantitative analysis of
spectra recorded at different excitation energies, the L3/L2 emission intensity
ratio and the partial Auger-width are extracted. High-energy satellite features
on the L3 emission line are separated by a subtraction procedure. The satellite
intensity is found to be slowly increasing for excitation energies between the
L3, L2 and L1 core-level thresholds due to shake-up and shake-off transitions.
As the excitation energy passes the L2 threshold, a step of rapidly increasing
satellite intensity of the L3 emission is found due to additional Coster-Kronig
processes.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.1223
A Checklist of Illinois Centipedes (Chilopoda): Supplement
(excerpt)
Order SCOLOPENDROMORPHA Family CRYFTOPIDAE Subfamily CRYFTOPINAE
Cryptops hyalinus Say 1821. (Fig. 2). B (Cook; Auerbach [1951]), C (Champaign) F (Hardin, Jackson, Johnson, Pope, Saline, Williamson), G (Jackson, Jefferson, Perry, Williamson),
H (Clark), I (Randolph, Union), J (Alexander)
Does Prekindergarten Improve School Preparation and Performance?
Prekindergarten programs are expanding rapidly, but to date, evidence on their effects is quite limited. Using rich data from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, we estimate the effects of prekindergarten on children's school readiness. We find that prekindergarten increases reading and mathematics skills at school entry, but also increases behavioral problems and reduces self-control. Furthermore, the effects of prekindergarten on skills largely dissipate by the spring of first grade, although the behavioral effects do not. Finally, effects differ depending on children's family background and subsequent schooling, with the largest and most lasting academic gains for disadvantaged children and those attending schools with low levels of academic instruction.
The interaction of oxygen atoms with solid surfaces at eV energies Annual status report, 1 Jun. 1968 - 31 May 1969
Interaction of oxygen atoms with solid surfaces at eV energie
Ecological Significance of a Drifting Object to Pelagic Fishes
Volume: 21Start Page: 486End Page: 49
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